Download Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration
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Look Carefully at the equation….
Where have you seen it before?
What is different
This is the equation of Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
glucose
ATP
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Question:

In what kinds organisms does cellular
respiration take place?
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Plants and Animals
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Plants - Autotrophs: self-producers.
Animals - Heterotrophs: consumers.
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Mitochondria
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Organelle where cellular respiration takes
place.
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane space
Matrix
Cristae
Inner
membrane
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Breakdown of Cellular
Respiration
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Four main parts (reactions).
1. Glycolysis (splitting of sugar)
a. cytosol, just outside of mitochondria.
2. Grooming Phase
a. migration from cytosol to matrix.
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Breakdown of Cellular
Respiration
3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
a. mitochondrial matrix
4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
a. Also called Chemiosmosis
b. inner mitochondrial membrane.
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1. Glycolysis
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Occurs in the cytosol just outside of
mitochondria.
Two phases (10 steps):
A. Energy investment phase
a. Preparatory phase (first 5 steps).
B. Energy yielding phase
a. Energy payoff phase (second 5
steps).
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1. Glycolysis
A. Energy Investment Phase:
Glucose (6C)
2ATP
C-C-C-C-C-C
2 ATP - used
0 ATP - produced
0 NADH - produced
2ADP + P
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)
(G3P or GAP)
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C-C-C
C-C-C
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1. Glycolysis
B. Energy Yielding Phase
Glyceraldehyde phosphate (2 - 3C)
(G3P or GAP)
4ADP + P
4ATP
GAP
GAP
C-C-C C-C-C
0 ATP - used
4 ATP - produced
2 NADH - produced
C-C-C C-C-C
(PYR) (PYR)
Pyruvate (2 - 3C)
(PYR)
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1. Glycolysis
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Total Net Yield
2 - 3C-Pyruvate (PYR)
2 - ATP (Substrate-level
Phosphorylation)
2 - NADH
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Substrate-Level
Phosphorylation
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ATP is formed when an enzyme transfers a
phosphate group from a substrate to
ADP.
Enzyme
Example:
PEP to PYR
Substrate
(PEP)
Product
(Pyruvate)
OC=O
C-OCH2
P
P
P
Adenosine
ADP
OC=O
P P
C=O
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P
Adenosine
ATP
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Fermentation
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Occurs in cytosol when “NO Oxygen” is
present (called anaerobic).
Remember: glycolysis is part of
fermentation.
Two Types:
1. Alcohol Fermentation
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Alcohol Fermentation
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C
C
C
C
C
C
Plants and Fungi
2ADP
+2 P
beer and wine
2ATP
2NADH
C
C
C
Glycolysis
2 NAD+

2NADH
2 Pyruvic
acid
glucose
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2 NAD+
C
C
2 Ethanol
2CO2
released
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Alcohol Fermentation
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End Products: Alcohol fermentation
2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
2 - CO2
2 - Ethanol’s
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Animals (pain in muscle after a workout).
C
C
C
C
C
C
2ADP
+2 P
2ATP
2NADH
C
C
C
Glycolysis
2 NAD+
2NADH
2 Pyruvic
acid
2 NAD+
C
C
C
2 Lactic
acid
Glucose
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
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End Products: Lactic acid fermentation
2 - ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
2 - Lactic Acids
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2. Grooming Phase
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Occurs when Oxygen is present (aerobic).
2 Pyruvate (3C) molecules are transported
through the mitochondria membrane to the
matrix and is converted to 2 Acetyl CoA (2C)
molecules.
Cytosol
2 CO2
C
C
C
Matrix
C-C
2 Pyruvate
2 NAD+
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2NADH
2 Acetyl CoA
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2. Grooming Phase
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End Products: grooming phase
2 - NADH
2 - CO2
2- Acetyl CoA (2C)
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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
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Location: mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid
(4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).
It takes 2 turns of the krebs cycle to
oxidize 1 glucose molecule.
Mitochondrial
Matrix
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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
1 Acetyl CoA (2C)
OAA (4C)
Citrate (6C)
FADH2
Krebs
Cycle
2 CO2
(one turn)
3 NAD+
FAD
3 NADH
ATP
ADP +
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P
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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
2 Acetyl CoA (2C)
Citrate (6C)
OAA (4C)
2 FADH2
Krebs
Cycle
4 CO2
(two turns)
6 NAD+
2 FAD
6 NADH
2 ATP
2 ADP
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+
P
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3. Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
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Total net yield (2 turns of krebs
cycle)
1. 2 - ATP (substrate-level
phosphorylation)
2. 6 - NADH
3. 2 - FADH2
4. 4 - CO2
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4. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and
Oxidative Phosphorylation
(Chemiosmosis)
Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane space
Matrix
Cristae
Inner
membrane
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TOTAL ATP YIELD
1. 04 ATP - substrate-level
phosphorylation
2. 34 ATP - ETC & oxidative
phosphorylation
38 ATP - TOTAL YIELD
ATP
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Eukaryotes
(Have Membranes)
Total ATP Yield
02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation)
04 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis
06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase
02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation)
18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle
04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle
36 ATP - TOTAL
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Maximum ATP Yield for Cellular
Respiration (Eukaryotes)
Glucose
Cytosol
Glycolysis
2 Acetyl CoA
2 Pyruvate
Mitochondria
Krebs
Cycle
2NADH
2 ATP
6NADH
2FADH2
(substrate-level
phosphorylation)
2NADH
ETC and Oxidative
Phosphorylation
2 ATP
(substrate-level
phosphorylation)
2ATP
4ATP 6ATP
18ATP
4ATP
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ATP (maximum
per glucose)
2ATP
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Prokaryotes
(Lack Membranes)
Total ATP Yield
02 ATP - glycolysis (substrate-level phosphorylation)
06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - glycolysis
06 ATP - converted from 2 NADH - grooming phase
02 ATP - Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation)
18 ATP - converted from 6 NADH - Krebs cycle
04 ATP - converted from 2 FADH2 - Krebs cycle
38 ATP - TOTAL
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Question:
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In addition to glucose, what other
various food molecules are use in
Cellular Respiration?
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Catabolism of Various
Food Molecules
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Other organic molecules used for fuel.
1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides
2. Fats: glycerol’s and fatty acids
3. Proteins: amino acids
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