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Database Applications -- The UC Berkeley Environmental Digital Library University of California, Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems SIMS 257: Database Management IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 1 Lecture Outline • Review – Database Administration • Database Applications – Berkeley’s Environmental Digital Library IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 2 Final Project Requirements • See WWW site: – http://sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is257/f02/index.html • Report on personal/group database including: – – – – – – – Database description and purpose Data Dictionary Relationships Diagram Sample queries and results (Web or Access tools) Sample forms (Web or Access tools) Sample reports (Web or Access tools) Application Screens (Web or Access tools) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 3 Final Presentations and Reports • Specifications for final report are on the Web Site under assignments • Presentations (1 on Nov. 28, Others on Nov 30, Dec 5th and 7th (Full)) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 4 Lecture Outline • Review – Database Administration • Database Applications – Berkeley’s Environmental Digital Library IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 5 Terms and Concepts (trad) • Data Administration – Responsibility for the overall management of data resources within an organization • Database Administration – Responsibility for physical database design and technical issues in database management • These roles are often combined or overlapping in some organizations IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 6 Database System Life Cycle Database Planning Database Analysis Growth & Change Operation & Maintenance Database Design Database Implementation Note: this is a different version of this life cycle than discussed previously IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 7 Database Planning: DA & DBA functions • • • • • Develop corporate database strategy (DA) Develop enterprise model (DA) Develop cost/benefit models (DA) Design database environment (DA) Develop data administration plan (DA) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 8 Database Analysis: DA & DBA functions • • • • Define and model data requirements (DA) Define and model business rules (DA) Define operational requirements (DA) Maintain corporate Data Dictionary (DA) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 9 Database Design: DA &DBA functions • Perform logical database design (DA) • Design external models (subschemas) (DBA) • Design internal model (Physical design) (DBA) • Design integrity controls (DBA) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 10 Database Implementation DA & DBA functions • • • • • Specify database access policies (DA & DBA) Establish Security controls (DBA) Supervise Database loading (DBA) Specify test procedures (DBA) Develop application programming standards (DBA) • Establish procedures for backup and recovery (DBA) • Conduct User training (DA & DBA) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 11 Operation and Maintenance: DA & DBA functions • • • • Monitor database performance (DBA) Tune and reorganize databases (DBA) Enforce standards and procedures (DBA) Support users (DA & DBA) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 12 Growth & Change: DA & DBA functions • Implement change control procedures (DA & DBA) • Plan for growth and change (DA & DBA) • Evaluate new technology (DA & DBA) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 13 Functions in Database Administration • Planning and Design (we have already looked at theses processes in detail) • Data Integrity • Backup and Recovery • Security Management IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 14 Data Integrity • Intrarecord integrity (enforcing constraints on contents of fields, etc.) • Referential Integrity (enforcing the validity of references between records in the database) • Concurrency control (ensuring the validity of database updates in a shared multiuser environment) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 15 Database Security • Views or restricted subschemas • Authorization rules to identify users and the actions they can perform • User-defined procedures (and rule systems) to define additional constraints or limitations in using the database • Encryption to encode sensitive data • Authentication schemes to positively identify a person attempting to gain access to the database IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 16 Database Backup and Recovery • • • • Backup Journaling (audit trail) Checkpoint facility Recovery manager IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 17 Disaster Recovery Planning Risk Analysis Recovery Strategies Plan Maintenance Testing and Training Budget & Implement Procedures Development From Toigo “Disaster Recovery Planning” IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 18 Threats to Assets and Functions • • • • • Water Fire Power Failure Mechanical breakdown or software failure Accidental or deliberate destruction of hardware or software – By hackers, disgruntled employees, industrial saboteurs, terrorists, or others IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 19 Threats • Between 1967 and 1978 fire and water damage accounted for 62% of all data processing disasters in the U.S. • The water damage was sometimes caused by fighting fires • More recently improvements in fire suppression (e.g., Halon) for DP centers has meant that water is the primary danger to DP centers IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 20 Kinds of Records • Class I: VITAL – Essential, irreplaceable or necessary to recovery • Class II: IMPORTANT – Essential or important, but reproducible with difficulty or at extra expense • Class III: USEFUL – Records whose loss would be inconvenient, but which are replaceable • Class IV: NONESSENTIAL – Records which upon examination are found to be no longer necessary IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 21 Offsite Storage of Data • Early offsite storage facilities were often intended to survive atomic explosions • PRISM International directory • Mirror sites (Hot sites) – E.g. Cantor-Fitzgerald IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 22 Lecture Outline • Review – Database Administration • Database Applications – Berkeley’s Environmental Digital Library IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 23 Berkeley DL Project • Object Relational Database Applications – The Berkeley Digital Library Project • Slides from RRL and Robert Wilensky, EECS – Use of DBMS in DL project IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 24 Overview • What is an Digital Library? • Overview of Ongoing Research on Information Access in Digital Libraries IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 25 Digital Libraries Are Like Traditional Libraries... • Involve large repositories of information (storage, preservation, and access) • Provide information organization and retrieval facilities (categorization, indexing) • Provide access for communities of users (communities may be as large as the general public or small as the employees of a particular organization) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 26 Traditional Library System Originators Libraries Users IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 27 But Digital Libraries Are Different From Libraries... • Not a physical location with local copies; objects held closer to originators • Decoupling of storage, organization, access • Enhanced Authoring (origination, annotation, support for work groups) • Subscription, pay-per-view supported in addition to “free” browsing. • Integration into user tasks. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 28 A Digital Library Infrastructure Model Originators Index Services Repositories Network Users IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 29 UC Berkeley Digital Library Project • Focus: Work-centered digital information services • Testbed: Digital Library for the California Environment • Research: Technical agenda supporting user-oriented access to large distributed collections of diverse data types. • Part of the NSF/NASA/DARPA Digital Library Initiative (Phases 1 and 2) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 30 UCB Digital Library Project: Research Organizations • UC Berkeley EECS, SIMS, CED, IS&T • UCOP/CDL • Xerox PARC’s Document Image Decoding group and Work Practices group • Hewlett-Packard • NEC • SUN Microsystems • IBM Almaden • Microsoft • Ricoh California Research • Philips Research IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 31 Testbed: An Environmental Digital Library • Collection: Diverse material relevant to California’s key habitats. • Users: A consortium of state agencies, development corporations, private corporations, regional government alliances, educational institutions, and libraries. • Potential: Impact on state-wide environmental system (CERES ) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 32 The Environmental Library Users/Contributors • California Resources Agency, California Environment Resources Evaluation System (CERES) • California Department of Water Resources • The California Department of Fish & Game • SANDAG • UC Water Resources Center Archives • New Partners: CDL and SDSC IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 33 The Environmental Library - Contents • • • • • • • • Environmental technical reports, bulletins, etc. County general plans Aerial and ground photography USGS topographic maps Land use and other special purpose maps Sensor data “Derived” information Collection data bases for the classification and distribution of the California biota (e.g., SMASCH) • Supporting 3-D, economic, traffic, etc. models • Videos collected by the California Resources Agency IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 34 The Environmental Library - Contents • As of late 2002, the collection represents over one terabyte of data, including over 183,000 digital images, about 300,000 pages of environmental documents, and over 2 million records in geographical and botanical databases. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 35 Botanical Data: • The CalFlora Database contains taxonomical and distribution information for more than 8000 native California plants. The Occurrence Database includes over 600,000 records of California plant sightings from many federal, state, and private sources. The botanical databases are linked to the CalPhotos collection of California plants, and are also linked to external collections of data, maps, and photos. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 36 Geographical Data: • Much of the geographical data in the collection has been used to develop our web-based GIS Viewer. The Street Finder uses 500,000 Tiger records of S.F. Bay Area streets along with the 70,000-records from the USGS GNIS database. California Dams is a database of information about the 1395 dams under state jurisdiction. An additional 11 GB of geographical data represents maps and imagery that have been processed for inclusion as layers in our GIS Viewer. This includes Digital Ortho Quads and DRG maps for the S.F. Bay Area. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 37 Documents: • Most of the 300,000 pages of digital documents are environmental reports and plans that were provided by California state agencies. This collection includes documents, maps, articles, and reports on the California environment including Environmental Impact Reports (EIRs), educational pamphlets, water usage bulletins, and county plans. Documents in this collection come from the California Department of Water Resources (DWR), California Department of Fish and Game (DFG), San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), and many other agencies. Among the most frequently accessed documents are County General Plans for every California county and a survey of 125 Sacramento Delta fish species. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 38 Testbed Success Stories • LUPIN: CERES’ Land Use Planning Information Network – California Country General Plans and other environmental documents. – Enter at Resources Agency Server, documents stored at and retrieved from UCB DLIB server. • California flood relief efforts – High demand for some data sets only available on our server (created by document recognition). • CalFlora: Creation and interoperation of repositories pertaining to plant biology. • Cloning of services at Cal State Library, FBI IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 39 Research Highlights • Documents – Multivalent Document prototype • Page images, structured documents, GIS data, photographs • Intelligent Access to Content – Document recognition – Vision-based Image Retrieval: stuff, thing, scene retrieval – Natural Language Processing: categorizing the web, Cheshire II, TileBar Interfaces IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 40 Multivalent Documents • MVD Model – radically distributed, open, extensible – “behaviors” and “layers” • behaviors conform to a protocol suite • inter-operation via “IDEG” • Applied to “enlivening legacy documents” – various nice behaviors, e.g., lenses IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 41 Document Presentation • Problem: Digital libraries must deliver digital documents -- but in what form? • Different forms have advantages for particular purposes – Retrieval – Reuse – Content Analysis – Storage and archiving • Combining forms (Multivalent documents) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 42 Spectrum of Digital Document Representations Adapted from Fox, E.A., et al. “Users, User Interfaces and Objects: Evision, an Electronic Library”, JASIS 44(8), 1993 IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 43 Document Representation: Multivalent Documents • Primary user interface/document model for UCB Digital Library (Wilensky & Phelps) • Goal: An approach to new document representations and their authoring. • Supports active, distributed, composable transformations of multimedia documents. • Enables sophisticated annotations, intelligent result handling, user-modifiable interface, composite documents. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 44 Multivalent Documents Cheshire Layer GIS Layer Valence: 2: The relative capacity to unite, react, or interact (as with antigens or a biological substrate). Webster’s 7th Collegiate Dictionary Table Layer History of The Classical World kdk dkd kdk The jsfj sjjhfjs jsjj jsjhfsjf sjhfjksh sshf jsfksfjk sjs jsjfs kj sjfkjsfhskjf sjfhjksh skjfhkjshfjksh jsfhkjshfjkskjfhsfh skjfksjflksjflksjflksf sjfksjfkjskfjskfjklsslk slfjlskfjklsfklkkkdsj ksfksjfkskflk sjfjksf kjsfkjsfkjshf sjfsjfjks ksfjksfjksjfkthsjir\\ ks ksfjksjfkksjkls’ks klsjfkskfksjjjhsjhuu sfsjfkjs taksksh sksksk skksksk Network Protocols & Resources OCR Layer OCR Mapping Layer Modernjsfj sjjhfjs jsjj jsjhfsjf sslfjksh sshf jsfksfjk sjs jsjfs kj sjfkjsfhskjf sjfhjksh skjfhkjshfjksh jsfhkjshfjkskjfhsfh skjfksjflksjflksjflksf sjfksjfkjskfjskfjklsslk slfjlskfjklsfklkkkdsj Scanned Page Image kdjjdkd kdjkdjkd kj kdkdk kdkd dkk jdjjdj clclc ldldl Table 1. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 45 IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 46 IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 47 MVD availability • The MVD Browser is now available as open source on SourceForge – http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=44509 • See also: – http://http.cs.berkeley.edu/~phelps/Multivalent/ IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 48 GIS in the MVD Framework • Layers are georeferenced data sets. • Behaviors are – display semi-transparently – pan – zoom – issue query – display context – “spatial hyperlinks” – annotations • Written in Java IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 49 GIS Viewer: Features • Annotation and saving – points, rectangles (w. labels and links), vectors – saving of annotations as separate layer • Integration with address, street finding, gazetteer services • Application to image viewing: tilePix • Castanet client IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 50 IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 51 IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 52 IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 53 GIS Viewer Example http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/annotations/gis/buildings.html IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 54 Geographic Information: Plans and Ideas • More annotations, flexible saving • Support for large vector data sets • Interoperability – On-the-fly • conversion of formats • generation of “catalogs” – Via OGDI/GLTP – Experimenting with various CERES servers IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 55 Documents: Information from scanned documents • Built document recognizers for some important documents, e.g. “Bulletin 17”. “TR-9”. • Recognized document structure, with order magnitude better OCR. • Automatically generated 1395 item dam relational data base. • Enabled access via forms, map interfaces. • Enable interoperation with image DB. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 56 Document Recognition: Ongoing Work • Document recognizers: for ~ dozen document types • Development and integration of mathematical OCR and recognition. • Eventually produce document recognizer generator, i.e., make it easier to write recognizers. IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 60 Vision-Based Image Retrieval • Stuff-based queries: “blobs” – Basic blobs: colors, sizes, variable number • demonstrated utility for interesting queries – “Blob world”: Above plus texture, applied to • retrieving similar images • successful learning scene classifier • Thing-finding: Successfully deployed detectors adding body plans (adding shape, geometry and kinematic constraints) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 61 Image Retrieval Research • Finding “Stuff” vs “Things” • BlobWorld • Other Vision Research IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 62 (Old “stuff”-based image retrieval: Query) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 63 (Old “stuff”-based image retrieval: Result) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 64 Blobworld: use regions for retrieval • We want to find general objects Represent images based on coherent regions IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 65 (“Thing”-based image retrieval using “body plans”: Result) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 68 Natural Language Processing Automatic Topic Assignment • Developed automatic categorization/disambiguation method to point where topic assignment (but not disambiguation) appears feasible. • Ran controlled experiment: – Took Yahoo as ground truth. – Chose 9 overlapping categories; took 1000 web pages from Yahoo as input. – Result: 84% precision; 48% recall (using top 5 of 1073 categories) IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 69 Further Information • Berkeley DL web site http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.11.07- SLIDE 70