Download refers to a range of Excel cells, not the statistical term “range”.

Measures of Central Tendency
“Where’s the MIDDLE?”
Measures of Variation
“How SPREAD OUT are the data?”
“How ‘consistent’ is the variable?”
Measures of Position
“How does this one compare to the others?”
𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒−𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛
z-score, or standard score =
𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣.
“The value 𝑥 is how many standard deviations
away from the mean?”
Mean
=AVERAGE(range)
Median
=MEDIAN(range)
Mode
=MODE.MULT(range)
=MODE.SNGL(range)
=MODE(range) for Excel 2007
Midrange
=AVERAGE(MAX(range),MIN(range))
Standard Deviation
=STANDARDIZE(value,mean,standard
deviation)
=STDEV.S(range) for a sample standard
deviation (the 𝑛 − 1 denominator)
(=STDEV in Excel 2007) Percentiles:
Score to Percentile:
No built-in Excel function?
=STDEV.P(range) for a population standard
Percentile to Score:
deviation (the 𝑛 denominator)
(=STDEVP in Excel 2007) =PERCENTILE.INC(range, percentile number)
(=PERCENTILE(range, p) in Excel 2007)
Warning! Not the same result as book’s
formula! Also, percentile number is a
decimal, such as 0.78 for 78th percentile.
Quartiles:
Variance =
=QUARTILE.INC(range,n)
=VAR.S(range) for a sample variance
n = 1 for Q1, 2 for Q2, 3 for Q3,
(=VAR in Excel 2007) n=0 for minimum value, 4 for maximum value
Warning! Not the same result as book’s
=VAR.P(range) for a population variance
formula!
(=VARP in Excel 2007)
Interquartile Range 𝐼𝑄𝑅 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
Range = highest value – lowest value
=MAX(range)-MIN(range)
Deciles: 𝐷1 , 𝐷2 , … , 𝐷9 ↔ 𝑃10 , 𝑃20 , … , 𝑃90
No special Excel function – use
PERCENTILE.INC()
Note about the word “range”: in an Excel function reference when we write MAX(range), the word “range” refers to a range of Excel cells, not
the statistical term “range”. Example: MAX(A1:C4) finds the maximum value among the block of cells where A1 is the upper left corner and C4
is the lower right corner. MAX(A1:C4)-MIN(A1:C4) happens to be the formula for the statistic we call “range”.
Data Description basics – Adapted from JK10, Blu4, etc. - Filename Document1
4/29/2017 4:45 AM
D.R.S.