Download Influenza

Influenza
Michelle Lin
Classic Flu Symptoms
Infection
Incubation (1-2 days)
Symptoms (1-2 weeks)
Betts, Robert, Stanley Chapman, and Robert Penn. A Practical Approach to Infectious
Diseases. 5. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2003. 278-287. Print.
Image: http://www.answers.com/topic/influenza
Who is at Risk?
Image: http://www.asklubo.com/en/health/what-to-do-if-i-have-a-terrible-cold-while-being-pregnant
Image: http://oursicksociety.blogspot.com/2011/05/caring-for-elderly.html
Image: http://breastfriendscafe.co.uk/2011/01/getting-baby-diagnosed-with-reflux/
Image: http://lightitupecig.com/aboutus.aspx
Van-Tam, Jonathon, and Chloe Sellwood. Introduction to Pandemic Influenza. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2010. 3-12. Print.
Modes of Flu Transmission
3 Basic Modes:
• Direct
• Airborne
• Indirect
Van-Tam, Jonathon, and Chloe Sellwood. Introduction to Pandemic Influenza. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2010. 3-12. Print.
Image: http://www.medicinenet.com/influenza/article.htm
The Taxonomy of Influenza Virus
• Orthomyxoviridae
family
• Genera (Types) – A, B, C
– Antigenic differences
Nicholson, Karl., Robert Webster, et al. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1998. 29-38. Print
Image: http://www.aht.org.uk/cms-display/science_eqflu.html
Structure of Influenza Virus
•
•
•
•
Spherical
Enveloped
Matrix protein
Membrane
proteins
• Nucleocapsid
• 8 -ssRNAs
Nicholson, Karl., Robert Webster, et al. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1998. 29-38. Print
Image: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/viruses/influenzavirus.html
The viral genome is composed of segmented
negative-sense RNA
Influenza A virus RNA segments and the proteins they encode
RNA segment (no.
of nucleotides)
Gene product (no.
of amino acids)
Molecules per
virion
1 (2341)
Polymerase PB2
(759)
30–60
2 (2341)
Polymerase PB1
(757)
30–60
3 (2233)
Polymerase PA
(716)
30–60
4 (1778)
Haemagglutinin
(566)
500
5 (1565)
Nucleoprotein (498) 1000
6 (1413)
Neuraminidase
(454)
100
7 (1027)
Matrix protein M1
(252)
3000
Matrix protein M2
(97)
20–60
8 (890)
Non-structural
proteins
•NS1 (230)
–
•NS2 (121)
130–200
Nicholson, Karl., Robert Webster, et al. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1998. 29-38. Print
Image: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162746
Image: http://www.rapidreferenceinfluenza.com/chapter/B978-0-7234-3433-7.50009-8/aim/influenza-virus-structure
RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase synthesizes
RNA from RNA
3’
5’
3’
5’
5’
3’
3’
5’
Li, Mei-Ling, Bertha Ramirez, and Robert Krug. "RNA-dependent activation of primer RNA production by influenza virus polymerase: different regions of the same protein
subunit constitute the two required RNA-binding sites." EMBO Journal. 17 (1988): 5844-5852. Web. 6 Mar. 2012.
<http://www.nature.com/emboj/journal/v17/n19/full/7591278a.html>.
Kawaoka, Yoshihiro. Influenza Virology: Current Topics. Norfolk: Caister Academic Press, 2006. 1-24. Print.
Image: http://www.pnas.org/content/107/25/11153/F1.expansion.html
Hemagglutinin (HA) assists in viral entry
Nicholson, Karl., Robert Webster, et al. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1998. 29-38. Print
"Molecule of the Month: Hemagglutinin." RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month. 2012: n. page. Web. 6 Mar. 2012. <http://www.rcsb.org/pdb
education_discussion/molecule_of_the_month/download/Hemagglutinin.pdf>.
Image: http://www.rapidreferenceinfluenza.com/chapter/B978-0-7234-3433-7.50009-8/aim/influenza-virus-structure
Image: http://home.cc.umanitoba.ca/~hultin/chem2220/Support/CoolStuff/Influenza/Neuraminidase.htm
M2 is a membrane ion channel protein
M2 Membrane Channel
Image: http://wenliang.myweb.uga.edu/mystudy/virology/ScienceOfVirology/Entry(penetration).html
Nicholson, Karl., Robert Webster, et al. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1998. 29-38. Print
Neuraminidase (NA) assists in viral exit
Nicholson, Karl., Robert Webster, et al. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1998. 29-38. Print
Image: http://www.virology.ws/2009/05/04/influenza-virus-attachment-to-cells/
Image: http://www.interactions.org/sgtw/2006/0510/avianflu_more.html
Life Cycle of Influenza Virus
Image: http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/sanderson/immunology.htm
Van-Tam, Jonathon, and Chloe Sellwood. Introduction to Pandemic Influenza. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2010. 18-21. Print
Anti-Influenza Drugs Block a Step in the Replication Cycle
Betts, Robert, Stanley Chapman, and Robert Penn. A Practical Approach to Infectious Diseases. 5. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
2003. 278-287. Print.
Van-Tam, Jonathon, and Chloe Sellwood. Introduction to Pandemic Influenza. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2010. 23-24. Print
Image: http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v28/n3/fig_tab/nbt0310-239_F1.html
Antigenic Drift and Shift Contribute to the
Genetic Variability of Influenza virus
Van-Tam, Jonathon, and Chloe Sellwood. Introduction to Pandemic Influenza. Oxfordshire, UK: CABI, 2010. 23-24. Print
Image: http://quizlet.com/2514798/micro-ch22c-flash-cards/
Annual Vaccines are Used to Prevent
Influenza
• Inactivated vs. Live-attenuated
• New each season
"Vaccine Selection for the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 Influenza Seasons." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, 23 Feb 2012. Web. 6 Mar 2012. <http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccine-selection.htm>.
Nicholson, Karl., Robert Webster, et al. Textbook of Influenza. Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, 1998. 3-16. Print.
Image: http://topnews.us/content/226598-preparedness-flumist-program-season
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