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Akshaya project Malappuram Kerala Kerala - The Setting • Social infrastructure • Physical Infrastructure • Decentralised democratic institutions • Modernisation in Government Programme • E-governance programme The status in 1998 • Computer policy in 1984 • NIC led department computerisation – Focus on improving internal efficiency • No major noticeable improvement – More disasters than improvements – About Rs. 50 crores(500 million) had been spent – No understanding about the context (NIC vs State) – No Human Resource Development – No coordination and efforts for integration The Strategy • The IT policy of 1998 – One of the few to focus on e-governance and citizen services (as against ICT industry driven) • Focus on computerisation at all levels of governments – Focus on citizen services • Task Force on IT implementation in Government – ICT as tool for administrative reforms – Two pronged strategy • Department computerisation – Administrative reforms – degree of citizen service & revenue augmentation » 34 departments prioritised » Registration, Revenue, Civil Supplies, etc. • People oriented Projects » FRIENDS, Akshaya, Sevana The possible ICT services • Payments • Information • Entitlements • FRIENDS • AKSHAYA • IKM FRIENDS • One-stop IT-enabled payment counter • In all districts • Centres are open from 9am. to 7pm. seven days a week • Good ambience • Manned by Service Officers (from Government) • 1000 different types of bills & 8 Departments • But then- only at District level • What next ?? Information Kerala Mission • • • • • • • • 1215 Local bodies Detailed system studies (seven volumes) Software systems ready Training ongoing Lack of resources Project delayed Pilot in Vellanad What next?? The making of Akshaya E-LITERACY E-GOVERNANCE ROLL OUT CONTENT SKILL Malappuram • Backward district Malappuram in comparison M’purm • Muslim majority Characteristic India Area (sq. km) 30,65,027 38,863 3,550 • Emphasis on education Population (2001) million 102.70 31.83 3.63 Population density* 324 819 1022 Sex ratio 933 1058 1063 Literacy rate 65.38 90.92 87.94 Male literacy 75.99 94.20 90.04 Female literacy 54.02 87.86 85.96 • Emigrants & Remittances • Representation in Govt. Kerala (Source: Census of India, 2001; Economic Review 2003, GOK) * per sq. km. Akshaya – the genesis/threads •Malappuram District panchayath •The ‘e-literacy’ argument •‘Market’ failures & Digital Divide •Plugging in e-governance •The project : access, skill & content •Kerala model •The Entrepreneur angle • Stakeholder consultations • Location identification – two pronged • Entrepreneur identification/EOP – selected by Grama Panchayaths • State Facilitation – Content – IT ‘Mela’ – ‘Fight’ with Bankers – Loan of Rs. 6.8 cr • E-Literacy programme – – – – 630 Akshaya centres 15 hr. e-literacy CD Rs. 120 per person 5.6 lakh, 65% women State Government Companies and industry associations Local bodies IT Mission Civil society (Kudumbasree CSS, Gramasabha Faith-based groups, Unions) Entrepreneurs Post literacy phase • Delay in Connectivity – Wireless Internet connectivity – One of the largest wireless IP based network • Training CDs • Social Reengineering activities • B2B meeting in August Akshaya today • 400 connected centres • Communication • Video casting • Training & Education – the primary source of income • About 6000 children undertook INTEL learn programme • E-pay : Rs. 125 lakhs collected • E-governance roll out ! Akshaya Network 11 Airtel POP Kallarakkunnu Bharti 2430(2) 2450(2) 181 Kbps KINFRA Kakkancherry E1 Radios # 294 76 2410(2) 125 Kbps 28 125 Kbps 2446(11) MCT Melmuri 1100 Kbps 28 10 154 Kbps 2430(1) 72 Kbps 55 Kbps 36 Kbps Kizzisary GHSS DRDA Malappuram 5.7Ghz(48) VIP 2446,11 # 337 311 2410(1) JNV Vangalam 141 Kbps 2410(5.5)VIP 229 Kbps Vettekkod Trunching Ground 5.7Ghz(48) 615 Kbps 47 5.7Ghz(48) 2460(5.5) 432 Kbps 2440(2) 2430(1) # 463 34 2430(1) 200 Kbps 4 5 6 167 Kbps 2410(2) 200 Kbps # 485 10 MEA 2430(2) 149Kbps 2430(2) AGRI, Tavanoor 333 Kbps 74 2450(2) High Speed Radio xxxx(yy) Backbone link freq (bandwidth) Bandwidth per Akshaya centre 33 Pullaangode 222 Kbps BPIDC Pallurkotta 6 # 129 154 Kbps 2420(5.5) 10 27 # 153 204 Kbps 13 # 773 9 PTM 20 53 2430(2) 14 2430(1) 200 Kbps VIP 2.4 GHz 13 167 Kbps 2450(11) # 215 xxx Kbps 2470(1) 2410(5.5) 104 Kbps GHSS, Kalpakanchery 111 4 24 # 084 77 Kbps 59 Kbps # 800 FGH Nilambur2470(1) 250 Kbps 78 42.5 Kbps # 237 Vivekanand 2446(11) 392 Kbps 8 18 2410(1) 2410(1) 67 Kbps 462 2460(5.5) 30 Block Panchayat Office Arikkod CHMHS Chekkod 71 Kbps # 003 xx Cumulative no. of centres served from the backbone link Project cost •Capital cost Rs. in lakhs By the local governments 650 By the State Government On promotion, content development etc. On establishing Connectivity 350 320 Total 1,320 • Average initial investment by entrepreneurs : Rs. 2.5 lakhs – 45 - 50 % of the amount recovered through e-literacy. Learning from Akshaya • Participatory approach & Governance implications – Stake holder participation – The governance network • Role of State – Coordination of the network – Facilitation & critical mass – Trust • Role of Champion(s) Learning from Akshaya • Role of local Kiosk Operator – Integration with the community – Identification of local needs – Hub for community activities • Delay in critical aspects – Connectivity – Comprehensiveness • Organisational issues – Ownership, – Role & decision making • E-governance roll out – Policy announcement The critical issue ACCESS SUSTAINABILITY