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Content • Importance of fish to human • Cause of over-fishing and its impacts on the environment • The ways to ensure sustainability of fisheries in Hong Kong Importance of fish to human – For Commercial purpose • As food supply .To compensate essential nutrients absent in rice (protein, oil, Vitamins and minerals ) .Less cholesterol than the other food • Marine fishing .To support the living of about 200 million employees in related industries globally Importance of fish to human – For Recreational purpose • Fishing as an outdoor activity • For appreciation and relaxation Fish Protein ~ • Fish protein is necessary for physical growth and maintenance (amino acids) • Fish protein is highly digestible and has favorable taste Fish Oil ~ • Polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil can decrease blood triglyceride and cholesterol • Fish helps maintain a healthy heart and lowers the risk of stroke and heart attack Fish Vitamins ~ • Vitamin A is present in fish as retinol, which is readily absorbed and utilized by humans • Vitamin D is present in seafood Fish Minerals ~ • Fish iron is necessary for hemoglobin formation in the blood • Calcium and phosphorus are essential for bone formation • Iodine avoid causing goiter and cretinism and retarding growth Cause of over-fishing • Demand of fish increase as population growth of people • The massive overcapacity of fishing fleets which leads to great pressure from fisheries on the dwindling fish stocks • New technologies and fishing methods • Economic development The number of marine fish catch in different year Impacts on the environment • Threat to ocean health are exacerbated • Fishing down the food web ( the systematic removal of the largest top-level predators ) • Cause serial depletion • Alter the composition of entire ecological communities • Alter the relationships of prey to predators and thereby pose risks to entire ecosystems • Global warming • Changes in ocean currents The ways to ensure sustainability of fisheries in Hong Kong • Aquaculture Development • Fisheries Management & Development • Fisheries Legislation • Others Aquaculture Development – by Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department • To identify suitable new species with good market potential for extension to farmers (Jade Perch, Tinca sp. and Chinese Long Snout Catfish) • To develop feed formulations to replace trash fish, traditional feed for aquaculture • To provide assistance on fish culture techniques and related management problems encountered New Species of Fish ← Jade Perch ↑Chinese Long Snout Catfish ← Tinca sp. • To provide assistance in disease diagnosis and advice on appropriate treatment measures • To provide initiatives • To conduct regular water quality monitoring at fish culture zones • To implement an enhanced phytoplankton monitoring programme Fisheries Management & Development - by Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department • The proposed fisheries management measures include a territorial-wide fishing license system • Artificial reefs are able to encourage growth and development of a great number and variety of marine organisms • To commissioned a consultancy study to examine the technical and financial feasibility of developing an offshore fishing for Hong Kong • To launch the Hong Kong Fish Net (www.hk-fish.net) to help raising the public awareness on the need and importance of fisheries resources conservation in Hong Kong www.hk-fish.net Fisheries Legislation - by Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department • The Fisheries Protection Ordinance (Cap 171) : .destructive fishing practices (electricity, explosive, toxic substances, dredging and suction devices) are banned Electricity: .destroy nearby small fish and planktons Explosive substances: .destroy nearby small fish and even planktons .destroy the related food chains and cycles of the marine ecosystem Toxic substances: .poison the neurosystem of the target fish .would kill nearby small fish and other marine lives such as corals Dredging and suction devices: .affect the seabed .damage to the fisheries resources • The Marine Fish Culture Ordinance (Cap. 353) : .require all marine fish culture activity to operate under licence in designated fish culture zones Others • Closed-fishing (April to August) • Control marine water quality .Indicate the state of health of marine waters .Assess compliance with the statutory Water Quality Objectives (WQOs) .Reveal long-term changes in water quality .Provide a basis for the planning of pollution control strategies Levels of compliance with key water quality objectives (WQOs) in Hong Kong Waters it is equipped with a satelliteaided global positioning system for accurate location of sampling stations at sea