Download Lecture (3) Human muscle

Major muscles of the human
body
Dr. Carmen E. Rexach
Anatomy 35
Mt San Antonio College
Muscles of the head
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Frontalis
Occipitalis
Orbicularis oculi
Orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus minor and major
Masseter
Buccinator
Risorius
Temporalis
1
2
risorius
1= Zygomaticus minor
2= Zygomaticus major
Muscles of head
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Frontalis
z Origin
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Insertion
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Skin of forehead
Apneurosis (Galea
aponeurotica)
Action
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Elevate eyebrows and
forehead
Muscles of head
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Orbicularis oculi
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Origin
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Insertion
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Medial orbital margin
Medial palpebral
ligament
Lacrimal bone
Skin around margin of
orbit
Action
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Closes eyelids
Muscles of head
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Orbicularis oris
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Origin
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Insertion
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Maxilla and mandible
Fibers from deep
surface of skin
Mucous membrane of
lips
Action
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Closes and protrudes
lips (whistling,
sucking)…pucker up!
Muscles of head
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Buccinator
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Origin
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Insertion
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Maxilla and mandible
Orbicularis oris, angle
of mouth
Action
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Draws in cheeks
Muscles of head
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Temporalis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Temporal bone
mandible
Action
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Elevates mandible
Muscles of head
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Risorius
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Origin
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Insertion
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Deep fascia of face
Parotid gland
Modiolus
Skin at angle of
mouth
Action
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Retract angle of
mouth…smile!
Modiolus = where group of facial muscles
come together at corners of mouth
Muscles of neck
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Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Muscles of neck
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Platysma
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Origin
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Insertion
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Superficial fascia of
deltoid and pectoral
regions
mandible and skin of
neck & orbicularis oris
Origin
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elevates mandible
Muscles of neck
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Origin
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Insertion
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Sternal head = anterior
surface of manubrium
Clavicular head =
medial third of clavicle
Mastoid process
Lateral half of superior
nuchal line
Action
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Lateral flexion and
rotation of head
Flex neck
Tilt head to one side
Muscles of neck
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Digastric
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Insertion
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Anterior belly = digastric
fossa of mandible
Posterior belly = mastoid
notch
Intermediate tendon to
hyoid
Action
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Depresses mandible
Raises hyoid bone
(steadies bone during
speech and swallowing)
Muscles of neck
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Stylohyoid
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Insertion
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styloid process of
temporal bone
body of hyoid
Action
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elevates and retracts
hyoid bone
Muscles of neck
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Mylohyoid
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Insertion
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Myloid line of mandible
Raphe and body of
hyoid bone
Action
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Elevates hyoid &
tongue during speaking
and swallowing
Muscles of neck
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Geniohyoid
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Insertion
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Mandible
hyoid
Action
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Elevates hyoid
Draws tongue anteriorly
Muscles of neck
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Sternohyoid
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Insertion
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Manubrium of sternum
Clavicle, medial end
Body of hyoid
Action
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Depresses hyoid after
swallowing
Muscles of neck
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Sternothyroid
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Insertion
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Posterior surface of
manubrium
Thyroid cartilage
(oblique line)
Action
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Depresses larynx
(thyroid cartilage) after
swallowing
Muscles of the trunk (anterior)
z External
and internal intercostals
z External and internal abdominal obliques
z Transversus abdominis
z Rectus abdominus
Muscles of the trunk (anterior)
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External intercostals
z Origin
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Insertion
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Superior border, lower ribs
Action
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Inferior border, upper ribs
Elevates ribs during
inspiration
Internal intercostals
z Origin
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Insertion
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Superior border, lower ribs
Inferior border, upper ribs
Action
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Draws ribs together during
expiration
Muscles of the trunk (anterior)
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External abdominal obliques
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ilium
Linea alba
Action
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ribs
Compresses abdomen
Internal abdominal obliques
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ilium
Lower ribs
Action
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Compresses abdomen
Muscles of the trunk (anterior)
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Transversus abdominis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Xiphoid process
Linea alba
Action
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Ilium
Lower ribs
Compresses abdomen
Rectus abdominis
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Origin
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Insertion
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pubis
Lower ribs
Xiphoid process
Action
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Flex vertebral column
Muscles of the trunk (posterior)
z Serratus
anterior
z Levator scapulae
z Rhomboideus major
z Rhomboideus minor
z Trapezius
Muscles of the trunk (posterior)
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Serratus anterior
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Origin
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Insertion
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Outer surface, ribs 1-8
Scapula, vertebral border
Action
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Protraction, upward
rotation
Pulls scapula forward
and down
Muscles of the trunk (posterior)
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Levator scapulae
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Origin
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Insertion
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Cervical vertebrae
Scapula
Action
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Elevates scapula
Muscles of the trunk (posterior)
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Rhomboideus major
& minor
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Origin
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Insertion
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Thoracic vertebrae
Scapula
Action
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Adducts scapula
Muscles of the trunk (posterior)
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Trapezius = large
triangular superficial
muscle of upper back
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Origin
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Insertion
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Occipital bone
All cervical vertebrae
All thoracic vertebrae
Clavicle
Scapula
Action
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Adducts and elevates
scapula
Muscles of shoulder
z Pectoralis
major
z Pectoralis minor
z Deltoid
z Latissimus dorsi
z Teres major
z Teres minor
Muscles of shoulder
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Pectoralis major
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Origin
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Insertion
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Manubrium
Ribs 1-6
Clavicle
Intertubercular groove
of humerus
Action
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Primary flexor and
adductor
Medial rotation
Muscles of shoulder
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Pectoralis minor
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ribs 2-5, sternal
end
Coracoid process
Action
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Pulls scapula
anteriorly
Muscles of shoulder
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Deltoid
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Origin
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Insertion
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Clavicle
Scapular spine
Acromion process
Humerus, deltoid
tuberosity
Action
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Abducts arm
Flexion
Extension
Muscles of shoulder
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Latissimus dorsi
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Origin
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Insertion
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Lower thoracic
vertebrae
ilium
Intertubercular
groove of humerus
Action
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Extends, adducts, &
rotates arm
Muscles of shoulder
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Teres major (5)
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Insertion
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Humerus, intertubercular
groove
Action
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Scapula, lateral border
Extends, adducts, rotates
arm
Teres minor (6)
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Insertion
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Scapula, lateral border
Humerus, great tubercle
Action
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Rotates arm
Muscles of the rotator cuff
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Musculotendinous cuff
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Infraspinatus
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Upper posterior
border
Subscapularis
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Superior border
Anterior border
Teres minor
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Lower posterior
border
Muscles of the rotator cuff
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Subscapularis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Subscapular fossa
Lesser tubercle,
humerus
Action
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Primary internal and
medial rotator
Muscles of the rotator cuff
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Supraspinatus
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Insertion
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Greater tubercle, humerus
Action
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Scapular fossa
Assistant abductor
Infraspinatus
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Insertion
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Scapular fossa
Greater tubercle, humerus
Action
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External and lateral rotator
Muscles of upper arm
z Coracobrachialis
z Biceps
brachii
z Brachialis
z Brachioradialis
z Triceps brachii
z Pronator teres
Muscles of the Anterior Arm:
Flexors
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Coracobrachialis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Coracoid process of
the scapula and
short head of biceps
Humerus, medial
side
Action
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Flexion of shoulder
Braces shoulder in
abduction
Muscles of Anterior Arm:
Flexors
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Biceps brachii
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Origin
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Insertion
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Long head: supraglenoid
tubercle on scapula just
above glenoid fossa
Short head: coracoid
process
Radial tuberosity
Action
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Weak flexor of shoulder
Powerful supinator of
forearm
Flexor of elbow joint
Muscles of Anterior Arm:
Flexors
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Brachialis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Anterior surface of
humerus
Coronoid process of
ulna
Action
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Strong flexor of
elbow
Muscles of Anterior Arm
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Brachioradialis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Humerus
Radius
Action
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Flexes forearm at
elbow
Muscles of Posterior Arm:
Extensors
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Triceps brachii
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Origin
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Insertion
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Long head: infraglenoid
tubercle below glenoid
fossa of scapula
Lateral heads: humerus
Medial head: posterior
humerus
Upper olecranon
Action
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Extension of elbow joint
Muscles of Anterior Arm: Flexors
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Pronator teres
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Origin
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Insertion
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Medial epicondyle of
humerus
Coronoid process of
ulna
Lateral surface of radius
Action
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Pronates forearm
Flexes elbow
Muscles of Forearm
z Flexor
carpi radialis
z Flexor carpi ulnaris
z Palmaris longus
z Extensor carpi radialis longus
z Extensor carpi ulnaris
z Extensor digitorum
Muscles of Forearm
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Flexor carpi radialis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Medial epicondyle of
humerus
Base of second
metacarpal
Action
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Flexes hand at wrist
Abducts hand
Muscles of Forearm
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Flexor carpi ulnaris
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Origin
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Insertion
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Humeral head: medial
epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head:
olecranon & posterior
border of ulna
Pisiform bone
Hook of hamate
Fifth metacarpal
Action
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Flexes hand at wrist
Adducts it
Muscles of Forearm
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Palmaris longus
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Origin
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Insertion
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Medial epicondyle of
humerus
Flexor retinaculum
Palmar aponeurosis
Action
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Flexes hand at wrist
Tightens palmar
aponeurosis
Muscles of Forearm
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Extensor carpi
radialis longus
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Origin
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Insertion
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humerus
Metacarpal 2
Action
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Extends and
abducts hand at
wrist
Muscles of Forearm
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Extensor carpi ulnaris
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Origin
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Insertion
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Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Posterior border of
ulna
Metacarpal 5
Action
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Extends and adducts
hand at wrist
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Extensor digitorum
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Origin
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Insertion
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Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
Extensor expansions
of medial 4 digits
Action
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Extends digits
Extends hand at wrist
joint
Muscles of the hip
z Gluteus
maximus
z Gluteus medius
z Gluteus minimus
z Tensor fasciae latae
z Adductor longus
z Adductor brevis
z Adductor magnus
Muscles of the hip
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Gluteus maximus
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ilium
Dorsal surface of
sacrum & coccyx
Iliotibial tract to lateral
condyle of tibia
Gluteal tuberosity of
femur
Action
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Extend thigh at hip
Assist in lateral rotation
Muscles of the hip
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Gluteus medius
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ilium
Lateral surface of
greater trochanter of
femur
Action
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Abducts & medially
rotates thigh at hip
Muscles of the hip
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Gluteus minimus
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ilium
Anterior surface of
greater trochanter of
femur
Action
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Abduct & medially
rotate thigh at hip
Muscles of the hip
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Tensor fasciae latae
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Origin
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Insertion
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Anterior superior iliac
spine
Anterior iliac crest
Lateral condyle of the
tibia via the iliotibial
tract
Action
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Abducts, medially
rotates, and flexes
thigh at hip
Tensor fasciae latae
Muscles of the hip
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Adductor longus
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Origin
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Insertion
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Body of pubis
inferior to pubic
crest
Linea aspera of
femur
Action
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Adducts thigh at hip
Muscles of the hip
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Adductor brevis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Body and inferior
ramus of pubis
Pectineal line
Linea aspera of
femur
Action
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Adduct thigh at hip
Muscles of the hip
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Adductor magnus
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Origin
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Inferior ramus of pubis
Ischial tuberosity
Insertion
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Gluteal tuberosity
Femur
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Linea aspera
Medial supracondylar
line
Adductor tubercle
Action
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Adducts thigh at hip
Flexes thigh at hip
Muscles of the thigh
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Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Gracilis
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris
hamstrings
Muscles of the thigh
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Rectus femoris
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Origin
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Insertion
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Anterior inferior iliac
spine
Ilium superior to
acetabulum
Patella and patellar
ligament to tibial
tuberosity
Action
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Extends leg at knee
Stabilizes hip
Muscles of the thigh
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Vastus medialis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Intertrochanteric line
Linea aspera of femur
Base of patella
Tibial tuberosity via
patellar ligament
Action
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Extends leg at knee
joint
Muscles of the thigh
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Vastus lateralis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Greater trochanter
Linea aspera of femur
Base of patella
Tibial tuberosity via
patellar ligament
Action
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Extends leg at knee
joint
Muscles of the thigh
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Vastus intermedius
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Origin
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Insertion
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Femur
Base of patella
Tibial tuberosity via
patellar ligament
Action
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Extends leg at knee
joint
Muscles of the thigh
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Biceps femoris
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Origin
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Insertion
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Long head: ischial
tuberosity
Short head: linea
aspera & lateral
supracondylar line of
femur
Head of fibula
Action
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Flexes leg at knee
Rotates leg laterally
Extends thigh at hip
Muscles of the thigh
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Semimembranosus
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ischial tuberosity
Medial condyle of
tibia
Action
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Extends thigh at hip
Flexes leg at knee
Rotates leg medially
Muscles of the thigh
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Semitendinosus
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Origin
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Insertion
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Ischial tuberosity
tibia
Action
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Extends thigh at hip
Flexes leg at knee
Rotates leg medially
Muscles of the thigh
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Gracilis
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Origin
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Insertion
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Body and inferior
ramus of pubis
Medial surface of tibia
Action
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Adducts thigh at hip
Flexes leg at knee
Aids in medial rotation
Muscles of the thigh
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Sartorius
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Origin
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Insertion
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Anterior superior iliac
spine
Medial surface of tibia
Action
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z
Flexes, abducts,
laterally rotates thigh
at hip joint
Flexes knee joint
Muscles of the leg
z Gastrocnemius
z Soleus
z Peroneus
longus
z Peroneus brevis
z Tibialis anterior
z Flexor digitorum longus
z Extensor digitorum longus
Muscles of the leg
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Gastrocnemius
z Origin
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Insertion
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Lateral head: lateral
condyle of femur
Medial head: popliteal
surface of femur
Calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon
Action
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Plantar flexes foot at
ankle
Raises heel during
walking
Flexes leg at knee joint
Muscles of the leg
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Soleus
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Origin
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Insertion
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Head of fibula
Medial border of tibia
Calcaneus via
calcaneal tendon
Action
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Plantar flexes foot at
ankle
Stabilizes leg on foot
Muscles of the leg
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Peroneus longus (fibularis longus)
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Origin
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Insertion
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Metatarsal #1
Medial cuneiform
Action
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Head and lateral surface of fibula
Everts foot
Weakly plantar-flexes foot at ankle
Peroneus brevis (fibularis brevis)
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Origin
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Insertion
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Lateral surface of fibula
Metatarsal #5, lateral side
Action
z
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Evert foot
Weakly plantar-flexes foot at ankle
Muscles of the leg
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Tibialis anterior
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Origin
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Insertion
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Lateral condyle
Upper lateral surface of tibia
Medial cuneiform
Metatarsal #1
Action
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Dorsiflexes foot at ankle
Inverts foot
Muscles of the leg
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Flexor digitorum longus
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Origin
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Insertion
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z
tibia
Distal phalanges of
lateral four digits
Action
z
z
z
Flexes lateral four
digits
Plantar flexes foot at
ankle
Supports longitudinal
arches of foot
Muscles of the leg
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Extensor digitorum longus
z Origin
z
z
z
z
Insertion
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z
Lateral condyle of tibia
Interosseus membrane
fibula
Middle and distal
phalanges of lateral four
digits
Action
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z
Extends lateral four
digits
Dorsiflexes foot at ankle