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Name:_______________________________ Date:_________________ E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 1.1: Explain Earths Role as A Body In Space EEn. 1.1.1: Explain the Earth’s motion through space, including precession, nutation, the barycenter, and its path about the galaxy. Intro to Earth Science 1. Hydrosphere 2. Atmosphere 3. Geosphere 4. Biosphere 5. Astronomy 6. Geology 7. Oceanography 8. Meteorology Earth’s Place in the Universe 9.Theory 10.Hypothesis 11.Big Bang Theory 12. Nebular hypothesis 13. Atom 14. Element 15.Planetesimals 16. Jovian planets 17. Terrestrial planets 18. Universe 19. Galaxy Earth’s Motion 20. Ellipse 21.Kepler’s laws 22. Rotation 23. Revolution 24. Precession 25. Nutation 26. Barycenter EEn. 1.1.2: Explain how the Earth’s rotation and revolution about the Sun affect its shape and is related to seasons and tides. Waves and Shape of Earth 27. Wave 28. Wavelength 29. Trough 30. Crest 31. Fetch 32. Wave height 33. Circular orbital motion 34. Tides 35.Tidal Buldge 36. Spring Tides 37. Neap Tides 38. Gravity 39.Intertia 40. Tidal Cycle 41. Diurnal tides 42.Semidirunal tides 43. Mixed Tides 44. Geoid, spheroid, or ellipsoid EEn. 1.1.3: Explain how the sun produces energy which is transferred to the Earth by radiation. Energy in the Universe 45. Fission 46. Fusion 47. Radiant energy 48. Electromagnetic waves EEn. 1.1.4: Explain how incoming solar energy makes life possible on Earth Energy for Life 49. Differential Heating 50. Seasons 51. Specific heat 52. Photosynthesis 53. Visible light 54. Magnetic field 55. Auroras (Aurora Borealis and Australis) Name:_______________________________ Date:_________________ E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 2.1: Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1: Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the lithosphere Introduction to Earth Structre 1. Lithosphere 2. Asthenosphere 3.Mohorovičić (Moho) boundary 4. Lithospheric Plates Recycling Materials of the Lithosphere 5.Rock Cycle 6. Igneous 7. Intrusive Igneous 8. Extrusive ingeous 9. Sedimentary 10. Metamorphic 11. Compaction 12. Cementation 13. Sediments 14. Chemical weathering 15. Physical weathering 16. Erosion 17. Deposition 18. Foliation 19. Bedding 20. Mechanical energy Changing the Lithosphere 21. Plate Tectonics 22.Pangea 23. Mantle convection 24. Ridge push 25. Slab pull 26. Convergent 27.Subduction 28. Mountains 29. Volcano 30. Continental Volcanic Arc 31. Volcanic Island Arc 32. Divergent 33. Mid-ocean ridge 34. Seafloor spreading 35. Rift Valley 36. Transform 37. Fault Role of Fire on the Lithosphere 38. Magma 39. Lava 40. Lahar 41. Viscosity 42. Vent 43. Pyroclastic material 44. Crater 45. Shield volcano 46. Cinder cone 47. Composite cone 48. Caldera 49. Pluton 50. Batholith 51. Geyser Shaking Earth 52. Earthquake 53. Epicenter 54. Focal point 55. Seismograph 56. Surface waves 57. Body waves 58. P waves 59. S waves 60. Shadow zone 61. Triangulation 62. Intensity 63. Magnitude 64. Richter Scale 65. Moment Magnitude 66. 67. 68. 69. Liquefaction Tsunami Landslide Elastic Rebound Hypothesis Name:_______________________________ Date:_________________ E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 2.1: Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere. EEn. 2.1.1: Explain how the rock cycle, plate tectonics, volcanoes, and earthquakes impact the lithosphere Geologic History of NC and southeastern US 1. Appalachian Mountains 2. Fall line/zone 3. Shoreline 4. Barrier Islands 5. Valley 6. River basin 7. Biome 8. Maritime forest 9. Longleaf Pine Savanna 10. Tidal Salt Marsh 11. Spruce Fir 12. Surface water 13. Groundwater 14. Swamp 15. Marsh 16. Bay Changing Sea Levels 17. Astronomical Tides 18. Atmospheric Pressure 19. Storm Surge 20. El Niño / southern oscillation 21. Seiches 22. Thermal Expansion 23. Global warming 24. Glacial Melting EEn. 2.1.2: Predict the locations of volcanoes, earthquakes, and faults based on information contained in a variety of maps. Location of Earthquakes and Volcanoes 1. Strike Slip fault 2. Reverse fault 3. Normal fault 4. Topographic map 5. Geologic map EEn. 2.1.3: Explain how natural actions such as weathering, erosion (wind, water and gravity), and soil formation affect Earth’s surface. Soil 6. Soil 7. Sand 8. Silt 9. Clay 10. Mechanical weathering 11. Frost wedging 12. Unloading 13. Exfoliation 14. Biological Activity 15. Rate of weathering 16. Climate 17. Regolith 18. Soil Composition 19. Soil Texture 20. Soil Structure 21. Soil Formation 22. Parent Material 23. Soil horizon 24. Soil Profile 25.Pedalfer 26.Pedocal 27. Laterite Mass movements 28.Rockfall 29. Slide 30. Slump 31. Flow 32. Creep EEn. 2.1.4: Explain how natural actions such as weathering, erosion (wind, water and gravity), and soil formation affect Earth’s surface. Protecting Life and Property from Earth Movements 33.Geohazards 34. Landslide 35. Base Isolation 36.Sinkholes 37. Contaminant 38. Flooding 39. Dams 40. Levee E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 2.2: Understand how human influences impact the lithosphere. EEn. 2.2.1: Explain the consequences of human activities on the lithosphere (such as mining, deforestation, agriculture, overgrazing, urbanization, and land use) past and present. Land Use and Human Activity 41. Urbanization 42. Deforestation 43. Agriculture 44. Overgrazing 45. Desertification 46. Mining 47. Sustainability 48. Biodiversity Shorelines and Human Activity 49.Beach 50. Abrasion 51. Wave Refraction 52.Longshore transport 53. Wave-cut cliffs 54. Sea Arches 55. Sea Stack 56. Split 57.Baymouth Bar 58. Tombolo 59. Beach Nourishment 60. Groin 61. Breakwater 62. Seawalls EEn. 2.2.2: Compare the methods of obtaining energy resources: harvesting (peat and wood), mining (coal and uranium/plutonium), drilling (oil and natural gas) and the effect of these activities on the environment. Types of Energy Resources 63. Renewable energy source 64. Non renewable energy source 65. Fossil fuels 66. Carbon cycle 67. Harvesting 68. Mining 69. In situ Mining 70. Conventional Mining 71. Drilling 72.Fracking 73. Peat 74. Uranium / plutonium 75. Petroleum 76. Tar Sand 77. Oil Shale 78. Hydrothermal Solutions 79. Placer Deposits Alternate Energy Sources 80. Solar 81. Nuclear 82. Wind Energy 83. Hydroelectric Power 84. Geothermal 85. Tidal Power Name:________________________________ Date:___________________ E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 2.3: Explain the structure and processes within the hydrosphere. EEn. 2.3.1: Explain how water is an energy agent (currents and heat transfer) Hydrologic Cycle and Earth 1. Evaporation 2. Condensation 3. Transpiration 4. Precipitation 5. Infiltration / percolation Composition of Sea Water 6.Salinity 7. Thermocline 8. Density 9.Pycnocline 10. Mixed zone 11. Surface zone 12. Transition zone 13. Deep zone Ocean Currents and Heat Transfer 14. Surface Currents 15. Gyres 16. Upwelling 17. Density Currents 18. Global Conveyor Belt 19.Coriolis Effect 20. Convection 21. Specific heat 22. High latitiudes 23. Low latitudes EEn. 2.3.2: Explain how ground water and surface water interact. Ground and Surface Water Interactions 24. Infiltration / Percolation (already listed) 25. Zone of saturation 26. Groundwater 27.Watertable 28. Porosity 29. Permeability 30. Aquifer 31. Spring 32. Hot spring 33.Mudpots 34. Geyser 35. Well 36.Artisian well 37. Cavern 38. Travertine 39. Karst topography 40. Sinkhole 41. Groundwater contamination 42. Contaminant 43. Subsidence River Systems and Watersheds 44. River basin 45. Watershed 46. Tributary 47. Meander 48. Discharge 49. Stream channel 50. Gradient 51. Bed load 52. Suspended load 53. Dissolved load 54. Capacity 55. Delta 56. Natural levee 57. Floodplain 58. Flood 59. Drainage basin 60. Divide E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 2.4: Evaluate how humans use water EEn.2.4.1. Evaluate human influences on freshwater availability. Water Use and its Consequences 61. Aquifer depletion 62. Irrigation 63. Salt water intrusion 64. Subsidence Human Population Growth 65. Exponential 66. J shaped curve 67. Carrying capacity EEn.2.4.2. Evaluate human influences on water quality in North Carolina’s river basins, wetlands and tidal environments. Human Influence on Water Quality 68.Wetland degradation 69. Estuary Degradation 70. Potable water 71. Wastewater treatment 72. Chemical analysis 73. Physical analysis 74. Biotic index analysis 75. Point source contaminant 76. Non-point source contaminant 77. Storm water runoff Name:________________________________ Date:___________________ E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 2.5:Understand the structure of and processes within our atmosphere EEn. 2.5.1: Explain how water is an energy agent (currents and heat transfer) Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere 1. Atmosphere 2. Nitrogen 3. Oxygen 4. Ozone 5. Troposphere 6. Stratosphere 7. Mesosphere 8. Thermosphere 9. Exosphere 10. Ionosphere EEn. 2.5.2 Explain the formation of typical air masses and the weather systems that result from air mass interactions. Movement in the Atmosphere 11. Air mass 12. Continental air mass 13. Polar air mass 14. Tropical 15. Maritime 16. Pressure differential 17. Front 18. Warm front 19. Cold front 20. Stationary front 21. Occluded front 22.Oographic lifting 23. Frontal wedging 24. Stability 25. Convergence 26. Localized convective lifting 27. Albedo 28. Isotherm 29. Convergence 30.divergence Water in the Atmosphere 31. Precipitation 32. Evaporation 33. Latent heat 34. Condensation 35. Deposition 36. Humidity 37. Saturation 38. Relative humidity 39.Dewpoint 40. Hygrometer Winds and Air Pressure 41. Cyclone 42. Anticyclone 43. Trade winds 44.Westerlies 45. Polar easterlies 46. Polar front 47. Monsoon 48. Prevailing winds 49. Anemometer 50. El Niño 51. La Niña EEn.2.5.3 Explain how cyclonic storms form based on the interaction of air masses. Severe Storm Systems 52. Thunderstorm 53. Tornado 54. Tornado intensity 55. Updraft 56. Hurricane 57. Hurricane intensity 58. Eye wall 59. Eye 60. Storm surge 61. Unstable EEn.2.5.4 Predict the weather using available weather maps and data (including surface, upper atmospheric winds, and satellite imagery). Weather Predictions 62. Isobars 63.Windbarb 64. Front (already listed) 65. Wind speed 66. Air pressure 67. Temperature (molecular terms) 68. Barometer 69. Hygrometer (already listed) 70. Anemometer (already listed) 71. Isotherms (already listed) 72. Humidity chart EEn.2.5.5 Explain how human activities affect air quality. Human Impact on Air Quality 73. Acid Rain 74.pH 75. Aerosol 76. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 77. Ozone (already listed) 78. Carbon capture 79. Alternate energy resources Name:________________________________ Date:___________________ E.S. Vocabulary EEn. 2.6:Analyze patterns of global climate change over time EEn. 2.5.1: Differentiate between weather and climate Climates and factors that affect them 1.Köppen climate classification 2. Temperate 3. Tropical 4. Polar 5. Climate 6. Weather 7. Longitude 8. Latitude 9. Elevation 10. Topography 11. Water bodies (how do they affect climate?) 12. Atmospheric circulation 13. Vegetation 14. Tropical zone 15. Temperate zone 16. Polar zone EEn. 2.6.2. Explain changes in global climate due to natural processes. Natural processes that affect global climate 17. El Niño 18. La Niña 19. Sunspots 20. Volcanic eruptions 21. Precession 22. Nutation 23. Eccentricity 24. Carbon dioxide fluctuations 25. Ocean circulation 26. Global warming 27. Climate change 28. Greenhouse effect 29. Greenhouse gas EEn. 2.6.3 Analyze the impacts that human activities have on global climate change (such as burning hydrocarbons, greenhouse effect, and deforestation). Impact of humans on climate change 30. Deforestation 31. Fossil fuel 32. Industrialization 33. Heat islands 34. Hydrocarbon 35. Greenhouse gas (already listed) 36. Climate change 37. Ozone depletion 38. CFC (already listed) EEn.2.6.4 Attribute changes to Earth’s systems to global climate change (temperature change, changes in pH of ocean, sea level changes, etc.). Climate change on the biosphere 39. Biosphere 40. Biodiversity 41. Ocean acidification 42. Sea level rise 43. Carbonic acid 44. Glaciation E.S. Vocabulary EEn.2.7 Explain how the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere individually and collectively affect the biosphere. EEn.2.7.1 Explain how abiotic and biotic factors interact to create the various biomes in North Carolina. Ecosystems and soil classification 45. Biotic 46. Abiotic 47. Ecosystem 48. Biome 49.Aridosol 50.Oxisol 51.Ultisol 52.Spodosol 53.Inceptisol 54.Histosol 55.Mollisols EEn.2.7.2 Explain why biodiversity is important to the biosphere. Biodiversity runs the world 56. Biosphere 57. Biodiversity 58. Genetic variation 59. Population 60. Community 61. Ecosystem EEn.2.7.3 Explain how human activities impact the biosphere. Humans affect biodiversity 62. J - shaped curve 63. Habitat alteration 64. Invasive species 65. Overharvesting 66. Habitat restoration 67. Pollution 68. Desertification 69. Overgrazing Name:________________________________ Date:___________________ E.S. Vocabulary EEn.2.8:Evaluate human behaviors in terms of how likely they are to ensure the ability to live sustainably on Earth. EEn. 2.8.1. Evaluate alternative energy technologies for use in North Carolina. Possibilities of alternate energy sources 1. Biofuels 2. Nuclear fussion 3. Fuel cells 4. Geothermal 5. Wave power EEn.2.8.2 Critique conventional and sustainable agriculture and aquaculture practices in terms of their environmental impacts. Agriculture and aquaculture methods 6. Agriculture 7. Aquaculture 8. Irrigation 9. Drip line irrigation EEn.2.8.3 Explain the effects of uncontrolled population growth on the Earth’s resources. Availability of resources 10. Carrying capacity 11. S - shaped curve 12. Limiting factor EEn.2.8.4 Evaluate the concept of “reduce, reuse, recycle” in terms of impact on natural resources. Mitigating impact on the environment 13. Recycle 14. Reduce 15. Reuse 16. Ecological footprint