Download Human Anatomy — Biology 255

Human Anatomy — Biology 255
Final Exam
Note: Final exams are not returned! All exam copies will be shredded on the Monday of week #2
of winter term. If you want to see your final exam you must stop into my office to see the exam.
However, you cannot keep your copy of the exam.
Please print your name clearly on the back of the last page of this exam. Please read the instructions
preceding each section carefully.
You must answer all questions on this exam. Statistics demonstrate that, on average, between 2-5
objective questions on every exam are ambiguous enough to come out “aberrant” on an item
analysis. Therefore, the total number of points possible on this exam is 106. However, grades
will be calculated out of a possible 100 points, assuming that 2-3 objective questions on this
exam are aberrant.
Section 1:
Brachial plexus. If the following statements are true place a (+) in the space
provided; if the statement is false place a (O) in the space provided. (2 points
each)
_____
1. In the brachial plexus the roots of C5 and C6 form the superior (upper) trunk, the
roots of C8 and T1 form the inferior (lower) trunk, and the root of C7 forms the
middle trunk.
_____
2. The radial nerve innervates all of the extensors of the arm and forearm. The radial
nerve is a branch off of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Every root of the
brachial plexus helps contribute to the formation of the radial nerve.
_____
3. The lateral cord forms the musculocutaneous nerve and part of the median nerve.
Therefore the nerves that innervate all of the flexors of the arm, most of the
flexors of the forearm and some of the muscles of the hand can ultimately be
traced back to one or more of the roots of the brachial plexus that are formed by
spinal nerves C5 to C8.
_____
4. The flexor carpi ulnaris and the lateral portion of the flexor digitorum
superficialis, as well as most of the muscles of the hand are innervated by a nerve
that is ultimately formed by a nerve that branches off of the roots of the brachial
plexus that are formed by spinal nerves C8 and T1.
_____
5. All of the flexors of the arm are innervated by a nerve of the brachial plexus that
can be traced back to the roots of the brachial plexus that are formed by spinal
nerves C5 to C7.
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Section 2:
Extrinsic muscles of the shoulder. Place the most appropriate letter in the space
provided. (2 points each)
____
6. Origins on the external occipital protuberance, spines of vertebrae C7 to T12, and
the ligamentum nuchae, insertions on the clavicle, acromion and coracoid
processes of the scapula, and the spine of the scapula best describes which of the
following muscles?
a. trapezius
b. latissimus dorsi
c. rhomboideus (major and minor)
d. pectoralis major
e. pectoralis minor
f. deltoid
g. serratus anterior
h. more than one of the above.
i. all of the above.
j. none of the above
_____
7. Depression and downward rotation of the scapula are at least two of the actions of
which of the following muscles?
a. trapezius
b. latissimus dorsi
c. rhomboideus (major and minor)
d. pectoralis major
e. pectoralis minor
f. deltoid
g. serratus anterior
h. more than one of the above.
i. all of the above.
j. none of the above
_____
8. Abduction and upward rotation of the scapula are at least two of the actions of
which of the following muscles?
a. trapezius
b. latissimus dorsi
c. rhomboideus (major and minor)
d. pectoralis major
e. pectoralis minor
f. deltoid
g. serratus anterior
h. more than one of the above.
i. all of the above.
j. none of the above
3
_____
9. Which of the following muscles is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve?
a. trapezius
b. latissimus dorsi
c. rhomboideus (major and minor)
d. pectoralis major
e. pectoralis minor
f. deltoid
g. serratus anterior
h. more than one of the above.
i. all of the above.
j. none of the above
_____
10. An origin on the sternum and ribs 2 through 6, insertion on the lesser tubercle of
the humerus, innervation by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves, actions of
adduction, medial rotation, flexion of an extended humerus and extension of an
flexed humerus best describes which of the following muscles?
a. trapezius
b. latissimus dorsi
c. rhomboideus (major and minor)
d. pectoralis major
e. pectoralis minor
f. deltoid
g. serratus anterior
h. more than one of the above.
i. all of the above.
j. none of the above
_____
11. Which of the following muscles is not an extrinsic muscle of the shoulder?
a. trapezius
b. latissimus dorsi
c. rhomboideus (major and minor)
d. pectoralis major
e. pectoralis minor
f. deltoid
g. serratus anterior
h. more than one of the above.
i. all of the above.
j. none of the above (all are extrinsic muscles)
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Section 3.
Intrinsic muscles of the shoulder. Place the most appropriate letter in the space
provided. (2 points each)
_____
12. An origin on the scapula, insertion on the lesser tubercle of the humerus,
innervated by the axillary nerve, and actions of lateral rotation and adduction of
the humerus best describes which of the following muscles?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
13. Which of the muscles listed below is a lateral rotator of the humerus?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
14. Which of the following muscles is an abductor of the humerus?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
5
_____
15. Which of the following is an adductor of the humerus?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
16. Which of the following is a flexor of the humerus?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
17. Which of the following is an extensor of the humerus
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
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_____
18. Which of the following is innervated by the axillary nerve?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
19. Which of the following is innervated by the lower subscapular nerve?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
20. Which of the following is innervated by the suprascapular nerve?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
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_____
21. Which of the following muscles has either an origin or an insertion on the lesser
tubercle of the humerus?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
22. Which of the following muscles has either an origin or an insertion on the
intertubercular groove of the humerus?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
23. Which of the following has either an origin or an insertion on the greater tubercle
of the humerus?
a. deltoid
b. serratus anterior
c. infraspinatus
d. supraspinatus
e. subscapularis
f. teres minor
g. teres major
h. more than one of the above
i. all of the above
j. none of the above
_____
24. Relax, collect two points by drawing your best picture of a ghost in the space
provided.
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Section 4:
Muscles of the arm. If the following statements are true place a (+) in the space
provided; if the statement is false place a (O) in the space provided. (2 points
each)
_____
25. The coracobrachialis is a flexor and abductor of the humerus.
_____
26. The short head of the biceps brachii originates on the supraglenoid tubercle of the
scapula.
_____
27. The short head of the biceps brachii originates on the acromion process of the
scapula.
_____
28. The biceps brachii flexes the forearm, laterally rotates the ulna around the radius,
and flexes the humerus.
_____
29. The brachialis originates on the humerus and inserts onto the olecranon of the
ulna.
_____
30. The triceps brachii has three heads. The long head originates on the supraglenoid
tubercle of the scapula, and the medial and lateral heads originate from the
humerus. These three heads all insert onto the olecranon of the ulna. The triceps
brachii extends the humerus.
Section 5:
Muscles of the anterior compartments of the forearm. If the following
statements are true place a (+) in the space provided; if the statement is false place
a (O) in the space provided. (2 points each)
_____
31. The pronator teres originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the
coracoid process of the ulna. This muscle flexes the humerus and medially rotates
the radius around the ulna. It is innervated by the median nerve.
_____
32. The palmaris longus originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and
inserts onto the flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis. This muscle is
innervated by the median and ulnar nerves, and flexes the wrist.
_____
33. The flexor carpi radialis originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
and inserts onto the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metacarpals.
_____
34. The flexor carpi ulnaris originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and
also from the coronoid process of the ulna.
_____
35. The flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by the median and ulnar nerves.
_____
36. The flexor digitorum superficialis is innervated by the median and ulnar nerves.
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_____
37. The flexor digitorum profundus is innervated by the median and ulnar nerves.
_____
38. The flexor carpi ulnaris inserts onto the pisiform, hamate, triquetrum, and 5th
metacarpal bones of the hand.
_____
39. The flexor pollicis longus originates from the radius and the interosseous
membrane.
_____
40. The pronator quadratus is innervated by the median nerve.
Section 6:
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm. If the following
statements are true place a (+) in the space provided; if the statement is false place
a (O) in the space provided. (2 points each)
_____
41. All of the superficial muscles of the posterior surface of the forearm originate
only from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
_____
42. None of the deep muscles of the posterior surface of the forearm have an origin
on the radius.
_____
43. The extensor indicis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and
supinator all have an origin on the interosseous membrane of the forearm.
_____
44. The supinator has an origin on the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the ulna.
_____
45. OK — since this is your last exam from me this term pick up two free more points
and sign your initials in the space provided.
Section 7:
Muscle identification in a cross sectional view of the arm. On the next page is a
cross section of a middle portion of the arm. If a muscle on the following page is
labeled place the proper letter in the appropriate space. However, if a muscle is
not labeled place XX in the space provided. (NOTE LABELING OF ANTERIOR
AND MEDIAL) (2 points each)
_____
46. brachialis
_____
47. coracobrachialis
_____
48. lateral head of triceps brachii
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Section 8:
Muscle identification in a cross section of the forearm. On the next page is a
cross section of a middle portion of the forearm. If a muscle on the following page
is labeled place the proper letter in the appropriate space. However, if a muscle is
not labeled place XX in the space provided. (NOTE LABELING OF ANTERIOR
AND MEDIAL) (2 points each)
_____
49. flexor digitorum superficialis
_____
50. flexor digitorum profundus
_____
51. brachioradialis
_____
52. extensor digitorum
_____
53. flexor carpi ulnaris