Download REFERENCE CODES, REGULATIONS, AND DESIGN

I.
REFERENCE CODES, REGULATIONS, AND DESIGN STANDARDS
All design will satisfy the applicable portions of the following codes, regulations, and
standards:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
U.
V.
W.
X.
Y.
Z.
AA.
BB.
CC.
DD.
EE.
ACI 117-06 Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials
ACI 302.1R-89, Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction
ACI 318-2008, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete
ACI 347R-94, Recommended Practice for Concrete Formwork
ACI Detailing Manual, SP66(04)
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADAAG)
ASCE 7-05, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures
ASHRAE Standards
The City of Mishawaka Water Utility Specifications and Standard Construction
Drawings
The City of Mishawaka Construction and Material Specifications and Standard
Construction Drawings
The State of Indiana Department of Transportation (ODOT) Construction and
Material Specifications, 2012
City of Mishawaka Fire Department Requirements
City of Mishawaka Infrastructure Design and Construction Requirements
Edison Lakes Corporate Park ("ELCP") Declaration of Protective Covenants and
Restrictions
CRSI "Placing Reinforcing Bars," 2006, 8th edition
Department of Veterans Affairs Design Manuals and referenced documents
Design Manual No. 31 for Roof Decks, November 2007, by the Steel Deck Institute
Diaphragm Design Manual, Third Edition (DDM03) September 2004, by the Steel
Deck Institute
Factory Mutual (FM)
Illuminating Engineering Society Recommended Practice (IES)
International Building Code (IBC)
Joint Commission Requirements (As applicable to Outpatient facilities)
Manual of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design, Thirteenth
Edition, 2005
National Design Specification for Wood Construction, by the American Forest and
Paper Association, 2005 Edition
National Electric Code (NEC)
National Fire Protection Association Codes (NFPA)
National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)
NFPA 24 – Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and their
Appurtenances
Indiana Basic Building Code
Indiana Department of Health Requirements
Indiana Environmental Protection Agency standards and the Green Lights Program
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FF. Indiana Environmental Protection Agency – Standard Erosion and Sediment Control
Practices, General Permit No. OHC0000003
GG. Plywood Design Specification, November 2003 by APA – Engineered Wood
Association
HH. Specification for Design of Steel Buildings, by the American Institute of
Steel Construction (AISC)
II.
Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 bolts (June 30, 2004)
JJ. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (March 9, 2005)
KK. Standard Specifications for Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series (adopted November 4,
1985; revised to November 10, 2003)
LL. State of Indiana Department of Transportation Construction and Material
Specifications, 2008
MM. Structural Welding Code – Steel AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2008, Paragraph 6.6.5
specifically excluded
NN. Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL)
OO. VA Seismic Design Requirements (H-18-8)
PP. VA Physical Security Design Manual for Life Safety Protected Facility, Jan 2015
QQ. WRI "Manual of Standard Practice" July 2001, 6th edition
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V.
BUILDING DESIGN CONCEPT
C. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
The design concept for the building foundation and structural systems is based upon
creating a foundation system, a structural grid, and a framework to best accommodate
the current building requirements as well as remaining flexible to future change.

Design Criteria
Floor Loading:
All areas
Live Load
Superimposed dead load
Mechanical Room
Live Load
Light Storage
Live Load
Mezzanine
Live Load
Note: Live loads are not reducible.
150 psf
15 psf
150 psf
125 psf
250 psf
Roof Loading:
Snow
35 psf plus
the effects of
drifting snow
Importance Factor
1.2
Wind Loading:
Basic Wind Speed
90 MPH
Importance Factor
1.15
Exposure Category
Seismic Loading:
0.2 Second Spectral Response Acceleration (Ss)
1 Second Spectral Response Acceleration (S1)
C
0.121g
0.056g
Site Class
(Assumed: D)
TBD
0.2 Second Spectral Response Acceleration (SDS)
(Assumed Site Class D: 0.129g)
TBD
1 Second Spectral Response Acceleration (SD1)
(Assumed Site Class D: 0.090g)
TBD
Seismic Use Group
Seismic Design Category
(Assumed Site Class D: C)
Importance Factor
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Group IV
TBD
1.5
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 Foundation Design
A subsurface investigation report specific to the new Outpatient Clinic has just been
commissioned so its results and recommendations are not known yet.
However, a geotechnical exploration that was performed just south of the proposed
building for the roadway design concluded that the subsurface profile consists of topsoil,
topsoil fill, and granular fill near the surface underlain by predominantly stratified
granular soils. The topsoil fill, which was classified as slightly organic to organic, was
about one foot thick, but in certain locations, extended about two to three feet below the
surface. Below the topsoil, there was about one foot of thick very loose and slightly
organic man-made sand fill with a sulfur odor. Beneath these layers, natural granular
soils were encountered which consisted of poorly graded sand, sand with small amount
of silt and small amount of gravel for depths of about 2.5 feet to 8 feet. The density of
the natural sands was generally loose to medium dense.
Groundwater observations after completion of borings varied between elevations 745
and 749 feet, that is, about 5.5 feet and 7.5 feet below existing grade. The water table is
within the granular layer and may fluctuate during the year. Based on the FIRM map
(1988) published by FEMA, the 100-year base flood level in this area is at elevation of
748 feet. The surface elevations vary between 746 feet and 751 feet sloping upward
towards the east.
Based on this information, we expect the top few feet of top soil to be removed and the
poorly graded granular layers to be compacted. Engineered fill will be placed to provide
the bearing pad for the building. The allowable bearing pressure for the foundation is
expected to be approximately 2.5 for footings no less than 4'-0" square, and 3.0 ksf for
footing no less than 5'-0" square. These assumptions will be verified and modified as
needed once a subsurface investigation report for the building is performed.
Based on the information available and assumption made, a shallow foundation system
consisting of spread footings will be used to support the relatively light columns loads.
At the perimeter of the building spread, footings with piers and continuous foundation
wall will be extended to at least 3'-0" below finish grade to provide frost protection for the
interior slab.
We proposed to utilize pour-in-place concrete wall construction or unit masonry wall for
the foundation for the project. A 2" styrofoam insulation foundation board will be placed,
and the entire excavation will be backfilled with bank run gravel for the full height of the
wall.
 Slab on Grade
The first floor slab will be placed on a minimum 8 mil vapor barrier that will be continuous
under the slab with taped and sealed joints. Its composition will be typically 4" of
concrete on at least 6" of gravel sub-base over vapor barrier. In the medical storage
area, the slab on grade will be depressed and thicker.
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The concrete slab will be reinforced with synthetic fibers for control of cracks due to
shrinkage and flexural stresses. The slab will have control joints or construction joints,
spaced at a maximum 15'-0" apart, for the control of shrinkage cracks. We do not plan
to use welded wire fabric in the slab on grade. Our experience is that such fabric often
is not properly positioned within the slab and thus it is ineffective. Fibers are less
expensive, and are more effective in minimizing shrinkage cracks. If some of the finish
materials require control joints to control cracks due to shrinkage, the joints in the
flooring material must correspond to the joints in the sub-slab to minimize cracking
through the finish material. This would include flooring materials like terrazzo or similar
applied cementitious flooring. Slab areas with stained concrete, terrazzo, or similar
finishes will be reinforced with re-bars.
Exterior slabs on grade will be 5" thick concrete slabs, similarly constructed, but without
a vapor barrier.
The strength of concrete used in the floor slabs on grade will be specified as 3,500
pounds per square inch (psi) at 28 days, and 2,100 psi at 3 days of age.
All interior slabs on grade will be finished to meet flatness and levelness requirements
that are typical for offices, schools, or other similar projects. The purpose of the testing
is only to confirm finishing tolerance and is totally independent of any slab variations that
result from slab on grade curling.
 Mezzanine Framing
Two framing system will consist of composite metal deck supported by composite steel
beams. The supported slabs will be of normal-weight concrete fill reinforced with welded
wire fabric (WWF). WWF will be supported on slab bolsters to maintain its correct
position. The overall slab thickness will be 5 inches. More specifically, there will be a 3
inch thick normal weight concrete fill on 2 inch deep galvanized composite metal deck.
All interior elevated slabs will be finished to meet flatness requirements that are typical
for offices, schools, or other similar projects.
 Roof Framing
The typical roof framing will be 1-1/2-inch deep, 20 gauge galvanized metal deck
supported by steel beams, joists and joist girders.
Portions of the roof framing will be designed for heavier loads to accommodate the roof
mounted mechanical equipment and the screen walls.
The roof framing will be designed to accommodate a roof mounted satellite system
provide by the VA.
 Lateral Force Resisting System
The design of the building will comply with the requirement that it must remain
operational after an earthquake, tornado, and blast. Therefore, the Occupancy Category
for this building will be IV according to IBC.
The lateral force resisting system of the building will be designed to withstand the wind
pressure and seismic forces according to IBC and blast pressure. Moment frames of
conventional steel construction will be used to resist these lateral forces.
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 Security Level of Protection
The structure will be constructed to withstand the actual pressures and corresponding
impulses produced by the design level vehicle threat (W1) located at the standoff
distance, and the design level satchel threat (W0) that can be delivered prior to
screening. The entrance to the building will include a screening vestibule to provide the
ability to screen the satchel threat.
Blast load is not expected to drive the design of exposed columns and braces, beam
sizes, or slab depths. Blast connection forces may be greater than gravity load
requirements, but the seismic design requirements will likely accommodate blast
connection forces. Perimeter bays will require continuous bracing to resist uplift loading.
The building's structure will be designed to include sufficient structural integrity to satisfy
the progressive collapse prevention requirements outlined in the current SFO.
Specifically, the Tie-Force Method, as defined in the U.S. Government guidelines (UFC
4-023-02), will be used in design and detailing the internal and external structure to
minimize the potential for progressive collapse.
The roof will be designed to withstand the design level vehicle threat (W1) located at the
stand-off distance up to a maximum peak pressure and corresponding impulse of GP1.
Metal deck construction supported on steel joists, joist girders and beams will be feasible
for the anticipated blast loads. The maximum allowable rotation will be 3 degrees.
Interior hardened partition walls will be provided to separate the loading dock receiving
area, mailroom, and lobby vestibules from occupied space. The hardened wall
construction is anticipated to be reinforced masonry. The deformation of the roof and
hardened walls will be limited to L/30. The blast loads to design the roof will take into
account the parapet and the spatial effects as the blast wave diffuses along the roof
surface.
 Seismic Restraints
Seismic restraints for mission critical systems depend on ground accelerations that an
earthquake event produces. The quality of the subsurface, where the new Outpatient
Clinic will be constructed, is described by the Site Class that is not currently known. It
will be established by a subsurface investigation report specific for the new building.
In case the Site Class is D, then seismic restraints will be required. If the Site Class is C
then seismic restraints will not be required for earthquake events.
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VIII.
PLUMBING SYSTEMS
A.
Domestic Cold Water System
1. A single dedicated domestic cold water supply distribution system will be sized to
serve the loads of the proposed clinical facility.
2. The domestic water will be supplied from the city distribution system to a single
point in the ground level mechanical room. Upon entering the building, a water
meter and a reduced pressure backflow preventer assembly will be provided.
Additional reduced pressure backflow preventer assemblies and deduct meters
will be provided for the HVAC boiler make-up, and irrigation systems.
3. A triplex domestic water booster pumping system will be provided in the ground
floor mechanical room to pressurize the domestic water system. The system will
be sized for the capacity and pressure needed to serve the volume and height of
the clinical facility construction. The system will be designed to maintain a
minimum pressure of 35 psig (240 kPa) to operate flush valves. Each pump will
be sized for approximately one-half of the total water demand. A pneumatic tank
and "NO-FLOW" shut-down controls will be provided.
4. The domestic water will be delivered from the city distribution system.
5. The boiler feed-water softener will be duplex type with hard water by-pass, each
tank will furnish 100 percent of the maximum flow rate at an exchange capacity
required for peak boiler feed-water make-up will be provided.
6. A single chloride-anion pressure-type water de-alkalizing system with soft water
bypass will be provided for boiler feed-water make-up to follow the water softener
equipment. The brine and caustic soda tank will be designed to furnish the
amount of saturated salt and caustic soda solution required for one regeneration.
Caustic soda shall be approximately 10 percent by weight of total solution. A
combination emergency shower and eye/face wash station will be provided
adjacent to equipment.
7. Exterior wall hydrants will be provided at a maximum of 200 feet (60 meters)
apart, at loading docks, and at building entrances, with a minimum of one wall
hydrant on each exterior wall.
B.
Domestic Hot Water System
1. The domestic hot water supply piping distribution mains will be sized to serve the
loads of the proposed clinical facility construction. Domestic hot water generator
equipment will be sized for the loads of the proposed clinical facility construction.
2. The domestic hot water for the clinical facility will be generated by two semiinstantaneous shell and steam coil central water heaters. Each heater will be
sized to supply 140 degrees F (60 degrees C) hot water at 75 percent of the
current designed flow demand. However, the heater discharge temperature will
be set at 130 degrees F (54 degrees C). A water temperature alarm system will
be provided on the heater discharge, or where water enters the piping system. A
domestic hot water return circulating system, including circulating pumps, piping,
piping insulation, and balancing valves, will be designed to maintain the desired
hot water temperature at the furthest most fixture.
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C.
Sanitary Waste and Vent System
1. The building underground sanitary drainage system will be sized to serve the
loads of the proposed clinical facility construction as well as the additional load
capacity of the planned future expansion.
2. A system of sanitary waste and vent piping will be routed throughout the building
to vent and collect the discharge from all of the plumbing fixtures and drains.
The sanitary piping will be collected within the building and will be extended to 5
feet (1.52 meters) outside of the building separately for connection to the site
sanitary sewer system.
3. Chemical-resistant pipe will be provided for all waste and vent piping serving
laboratory fixtures and photographic developing equipment. The chemical
drainage will be collected separately and will be routed to an acid neutralization
tank before connecting to the building sanitary drainage system. The chemicalresistant vent piping will be collected separately and extended independently
through the roof.
4. The sanitary vent piping will be collected in many areas within the building and
will be extended through the roof.
5. The underground sanitary piping will be provided within every structural bay
regardless of the presence of plumbing fixtures to reduce the difficulty of piping
new fixtures in the future.
D.
Storm Water System
1. The building underground storm drainage system will be sized to serve the loads
of the proposed clinical facility.
2. The storm water piping from the roofs will be collected within the building and
routed to 5 feet (1.52 meters) outside the building for connection to the site storm
sewer system.
3. Storm water will be discharged to the site storm sewer system by gravity flow.
4. The storm water collected by the foundation drainage system will be collected in
a sump and pumped to the exterior of the building for extension to the site storm
sewer system. A duplex sump pump with a control panel will be provided.
E.
Natural Gas Piping System
1. A dedicated natural gas supply distribution system will be sized to serve the
loads of the proposed clinical facility.
2. Natural gas will be supplied from the gas utility main. A gas service line will be
stubbed out 5 feet (1.52 meters) from the building. A gas meter/regulator setting
will be provided outside of the building, extended into the building, and distributed
to equipment as required. Multiple gas regulators will be provided in order to
deliver the gas at the pressure required by the boilers and laboratory equipment.
3. A solenoid valve will be provided in the natural gas supply line to the laboratory
with an emergency shut-off located at the exit.
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F.
Medical Oxygen System
1. Oxygen will be provided for the facility using a system of bottles that are
manifolded in a duplex arrangement so that shutting of either bank of bottles will
not interrupt supply to the system.
2. Each bank will have cylinder connections for ten Type E cylinders.
3. Provide a manifold with two (one for each bank) two-stage pressure regulators
with gauges and built-in safety valves and all required equipment for a complete
assembly.
G.
Medical Vacuum System
1. A dedicated medical vacuum piping system will be sized to serve the loads of the
current clinical facility construction. Vacuum equipment will be sized for the
loads of the current clinical facility construction.
2. A duplex vacuum pump system, with each pump sized for 70 percent of the
design load, will be provided for the medical vacuum system. The system will be
designed to develop and maintain a vacuum of 8 inches Hg (27 Pa).
3. The medical vacuum system will be distributed with Type K or Type L copper
piping with wrought copper or brazed fittings.
H.
Medical Air System
1. A dedicated medical air distribution system will be sized to serve the loads of the
current clinical facility construction. Compressors will be sized for the loads of
the current clinical facility construction.
2. Medical air systems and equipment will be completely independent of the
laboratory air systems and equipment.
3. The medical air system for the dental clinic will be designed per the pressure
requirements verified with the VAMC.
4. The medical air system will be distributed with Type K or Type L copper piping
with wrought copper or brazed fittings.
I.
Plumbing Fixtures
1. Water closets will be wall hung, elongated bowl, white vitreous china, utilizing
sensor operated flush valves.
2. Urinals will be wall hung, white vitreous china, utilizing sensor operated flush
valves.
3. Handwashing lavatories will be wall hung, white vitreous china, utilizing sensor
operated faucets.
4. Wall hung, self-contained, electric water coolers will be provided throughout the
facility. Where only one unit is to be installed, a hi-low unit will be provided.
5. Service sinks will be monolithic, floor-type with mixing valve faucet.
6. Hose bibbs will be provided in all mechanical spaces.
7. Exterior wall hydrants will be provided and spaced around the perimeter of the
building.
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IX.
FIRE PROTECTION
A.
Sprinkler Systems
1. The clinical facility will be fully protected with a wet-pipe sprinkler system, with
the exception of those areas that require an FM200 suppression system. The
specific areas provided with FM200 suppression include computer rooms,
electrical rooms, pharmacy, and radiology equipment rooms. Specific areas that
require an antifreeze system and frost proof heads are entry overhangs and
loading docks. The sprinkler system will conform to the requirements of NFPA
13.
2. A fire water line will be extended into the building. A fire pump is not expected
for this building, but a flow test will need to be made to determine the available
water supply at the site. Upon entering the mechanical room, a double detector
check valve will be provided. The fire protection water source is currently
unknown.
3. Alarm check valves will be provided for the building wet-pipe sprinkler system.
4. All clinical, administrative and public spaces will be protected as Light Hazard
Occupancy 0.10 gpm/ft2 (0.07 liter/sec/m2) over the most remote 1500 ft2 (139
m2); the maximum sprinkler coverage will be 225 ft2/head (20.9 m2/head).
5. All laboratory, laundry, storage, mechanical, electrical, loading dock and shell
spaces will be protected as Ordinary Hazard I Occupancy 0.15 gpm/ft2 (0.1
liter/sec/m2) over the most remote 1500 ft2 (139 m2); the maximum sprinkler
coverage will be 130 ft2/head (12.1 m2/head).
B.
Fire Alarm System/Sprinkler Piping Interface
1. Electronically supervised shutoff valves and waterflow detection switches will be
provided in each sprinkler zone, as well as for all mechanical rooms. Alarm
signals from these devices, as well as from alarm valves, will be routed to the
building fire alarm panel.
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X.
HEATING, VENTILATION, AND AIR CONDITIONING
A.
Design Conditions
1. Outdoor Design Conditions:
Winter Dry Bulb
Summer Dry Bulb
Summer Wet Bulb
2. Equipment Operating Temperatures:
Chilled water supply
Chilled water return
Supply air (Air Handling Unit coil leaving air temperature)
Heating water supply (steam to hot water heat exchangers)
Heating water return temperature
(steam to hot water heat exchangers)
Plant steam supply pressure
B.
-15° C (4.5F)
31.2° C (88.1F)
22.6° C (72.7F)
6.7° C (44F)
13.3° C (56F)
12° C (54F)
94° C (200F)
76° C (170F)
105 kPA (15 psig)
Central Heating System
1. System Selection: Steam boilers were selected for the central heating plant
because the steam can be used for humidification, generating heating hot water
and for the generation of domestic hot water from a single fuel fired device. The
boilers are efficient and being gas fired are more efficient than electric fired
equipment. The boilers also pollute less than oil-fired equipment and have a long
service life.
2. The main boiler plant will consist of multiple steam boilers sized to provide N+1
redundancy so that the full building heating load can be met with one boiler out of
service.
3. Steam from the boiler plant will be delivered from the building main mechanical
room and will be used to produce heating hot water. Multiple heat exchangers
will be provided and sized such that the hot water plant will have sufficient
capacity to meet the peak winter heating load, even if one heat exchanger is out
of service.
4. The hot water heating system pumping will be designed as a primary variable
volume system. Each heat exchanger will have a dedicated primary variable
volume primary pump that supplies water through its associated heat exchanger
when the pump and the heat exchanger are energized by the building
management system. The pumps will distribute the water to heating devices,
perimeter heating devices, and the re-heat coils of the building. The pump speed
and water volume will be varied in order to maintain a constant differential
pressure across the most remote hot water re-heat coil and associated control
valve.
5. Three-way control valves will be provided as required to maintain a minimum
15% flow within the system. Two-way control valves will be provided for all other
devices.
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C.
Facility Steam System
1. The low pressure building steam will be supplied at 15 psig (105 kPA) pressure
to the domestic hot water heating elements, heating water converters, and
humidifiers.
2. All humidification will be achieved by steam-to-steam humidifiers, which will have
building steam and softened domestic cold water supplied to them. The heat
from the building steam will be used to produce humidification steam from the
domestic cold water that is free from the chemicals used in the steam system
and can be injected into the supply air.
3. Humidifiers will be provided in the air handling units that serve areas that are
required to have winter humidification.
4. Steam condensate from the air handling units will flow via gravity back to the
boiler feed system. Steam condensate from the ground will be pumped back to
the boiler feed system with electric condensate pump packages.
D.
Central Cooling System
1. System Selection: A water-cooled chilled water plant is a good selection due to
the efficiency and controllability of the chilled water system. The main chiller
plant will be sized with chillers and cooling towers designed to provide N+1
redundancy so that the full building cooling load can be met even with one chiller
out of service. All refrigerant is contained in the central equipment making this
arrangement environmentally sound by reducing the potential for refrigerant
leaks and part of the LEED Silver design.
2. The main chilled water generation system will consist of water cooled liquid
chillers that are piped in a primary/secondary arrangement. Each chiller will have
a dedicated chilled water and condenser water pump. Chillers of equal
capacities will have the pumps cross-connected for added redundancy. The
capacity of the chilled water system will be equal to the connected load of the
chilled water coils.
3. The multiple secondary variable volume chilled water pumps will distribute chilled
water to the air handling units and will be controlled to maintain a set differential
pressure across the most remote air handling unit cooling coil. The secondary
pumps will be sized such that the full required cooling capacity can be served
with one pump out of service. The control valves for the air handling units will
typically be two-way type with the exception of a couple of control valves that will
be three-way type in order to maintain a minimum of 15% flow in the secondary
system.
4. Dedicated water chillers will be provided for special equipment like MRI's and
radiology equipment requiring direct water-cooling.
E.
Heat Recovery System (LEED Silver Feature)
1. Air handling units that operate with large amounts of outside air will be provided
with a glycol run around heat recovery loop or heat wheels based upon the life
cycle cost benefit for the systems. This will be determined during design.
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2. The glycol run around heat recovery loop system will consist of two pumps, coils
in the air handling units, coils in the exhaust ductwork and control valves.
a. The pumps will circulate the water from the exhaust air coils to the air
handling unit coils to preheat and precool the supply air. A system three-way
valve will be provided for frost protection of exhaust air coils.
F.
Air Handling Units
1. System Selection: Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems will be selected because
of energy efficiency, flexibility for future system modifications, and the ability to
easily provide a large number of control zones. Air handling units will be placed
on a centrally located mezzanine to allow the units to be located closer to the
spaces being served and to not take-up valuable building space that can be used
for clinical facilities.
2. The air-handling units for the clinic building will be located on the mezzanine and
will be interior type units.
3. The general air handling units will be variable volume modular air handling units
with return air fan, economizer, mixing box, filters, access section, heat recovery
section, heating coil, humidifier, cooling coil, supply fan, diffuser, final filter and
discharge plenum. The supply and return air fans will be provided with variable
frequency drives to modulate the air volume. The supply fan air volume will be
varied to maintain a constant duct static pressure in the ductwork 2/3 of the way
down the supply air main. The volume of the supply and return fans will be
monitored with airflow measuring stations. The return fan air volume will be
varied to maintain a fixed offset between the supply and return fans. The air
handling units will operate with air economizer when the outside air temperature
is less than 60°F (15°C).
4. Main ducts will distribute cool air to the terminal boxes. The boxes will house a
volume damper and a reheat coil, whose operation will be controlled by a
thermostat mounted in the space served by the box. When cooling is required,
the reheat coil will not be operational and the volume damper will modulate the
discharge cold air into the space at the rate to satisfy the temperature setting.
When cooling is not required, the volume damper will modulate to a
predetermined minimum airflow rate. When heating is required, the reheat coil,
through modulation of the two-way hot water control valve, will raise the
temperature of the discharge air to the level required to satisfy the heating
demand. The terminal boxes will be sized based on heating the supply air from
55°F (13°C) to 95°F (35°C) at the minimum airflow rate.
G.
Air Distribution
1. The air will be distributed throughout the building with high velocity supply
ductwork. Generally, the ductwork will be single wall galvanized duct with
external insulation. All building return and exhaust air will be ducted.
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H.
Zone Control
1. Zone control will be provided by Variable Air Volume (VAV) or Constant Air
Volume (CAV) terminal boxes with hot water reheat coils located throughout the
building. All perimeter rooms will be provided with individual temperature control.
As many as four small interior rooms, and three perimeter spaces, of similar
function and load may be grouped into one zone. All procedure rooms shall be
provided with individual temperature control. The controls for the terminal boxes
will be DDC and will be tied into the Building Management System. A two-way
hot water control valve will be provided with each terminal box. The terminal
boxes will have internal insulation with a metal foil facing to prevent the fiberglass
from being exposed to the supply air. The minimum and maximum flow rates will
be determined based on the loads and air change requirements of each space.
2. The main entry vestibule will be air conditioned, but the other entry vestibules will
be provided only with cabinet unit heaters.
I.
Exhaust Systems
1. The exhaust systems will be centralized manifold systems in order to allow
flexibility with respect to future modifications and to conserve space. Exhaust will
be collected into mains, which connect to centrally located main duct risers. The
main ducts of these larger central systems can be easily tapped into or capped
off as the need arises. The fans will be located on the discharge end of the
system, such that all ductwork is under negative pressure to prevent leakage out
of the exhaust ductwork.
2. Toilet Exhaust: The toilet exhaust systems will be as described above and will
be dedicated to serve the toilet rooms, patient bathrooms, janitor closets, and
other comparable odorous spaces. These exhaust systems will not serve any
other spaces.
3. Infection Isolation Exhaust: The infectious isolation exhausts will be as described
above and will be dedicated to serve only serve infection control isolation rooms
and the patient bathrooms of infection control isolation rooms.
4. Hazardous Exhaust: The exhaust from chemical hoods, safety cabinets, and
other comparable devices or areas will be through dedicated exhaust systems
that only serve these devices. The ductwork will be coated or stainless steel to
resist corrosion.
5. Mail Room: Air supplied to the mailroom will not be returned, but it will be
exhausted to the exterior of the building at roof level. This exhaust will discharge
through a vent stack that is a minimum of 10 feet high at a discharge velocity of
at least 3,300 feet per minute. The exhaust air will first pass through pre-filters
(MERV 8) and then HEPA filters (MERV 17). This exhaust will be located a
minimum of 25 feet from all outdoor intake sections.
6. General Exhaust: The remaining areas that require exhaust will be served by the
general exhaust systems with risers as described in item "a" above.
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J.
Supplemental Cooling Systems
1. The telephone equipment and data rooms with the building will be provided with
a computer room air conditioning unit with air cooled condensing unit with low
ambient operation capability. The rooms shall also be served by the building air
handling systems. The building air handling systems and computer room units
shall each be sized for 100% of the load.
K.
Control Systems
1. A Building Management System (BMS) will be used to control all the HVAC
equipment, interface with the fire alarm systems, the building lighting, elevator
monitoring, and security. A computer connected to the BMS will be provided in
the security office and will be provided with an uninterruptible power source.
2. Electric motor operated valves and dampers will be used at all major pieces of
equipment. The terminal boxes and small valves located on the floors will be by
low voltage electric actuation.
3. The BMS will have a connection to the emergency power system to monitor
when normal power has been interrupted. Upon loss of normal power, all
mechanical systems will be temporarily disabled and the chilled water control
valves of all air handling units will be closed. After a one minute delay, the
mechanical systems that operate on emergency power will individually be
brought back into operation by the system.
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XI.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
A.
Site Utilities
1. Electrical Service Entrance
a. Power will be provided from the local electrical utility company at 480/277 volt
3 phase, via a pad mounted transformer located outside on grade.
b. Power will enter the building through concrete encased underground conduits
to a main electrical room on the lower level.
B.
Normal Power Distribution and Equipment
1. A single main switchboard will serve the building and will be located in the lower
level main electrical room. Ground fault protection will be on the main circuit
breaker. An electronic metering unit will be provided in the main section.
2. Electrical power will be distributed from the main distribution switchboard from
electronic trip circuit breakers to distribution panelboards located throughout the
building that will feed mechanical equipment at 480 volt, 3 phase, and lighting
panelboards at 480/277 volt, 3 phase for 277 volt, 1 phase lighting loads.
3. Dry type stepdown transformers located in electrical rooms will be used to derive
208/120 volt for panelboards that will feed small equipment at 208 volt, 3 phase,
and receptacles at 120 volt.
4. K factor type transformers will be used for loads that are harmonic generating
such as electronic equipment.
5. Panelboards feeding harmonic generating electronic equipment will have
oversized neutral busbars and derated feeder conductors with oversized neutrals
to accommodate increased harmonic currents on the neutral conductors.
6. Selected panels will have isolated ground bus bars to accommodate wiring from
isolated ground outlets.
7. Motors and large mechanical equipment will be powered from motor control
centers and distribution panelboards. Motor protection will be provided by fusible
combination motor starters or unit disconnect switches.
C.
Emergency Power Distribution and Equipment
1. Emergency power will be supplied by a diesel-fueled generator, with onsite fuel
storage. Feeders will be extended from the generator to automatic transfer
switches for Life Safety, Critical, and Emergency Equipment branch loads.
2. The following equipment will be powered from the Life Safety Branch.
a. Alarm and Alerting systems such as Fire Alarm
b. Automatic Doors: Used for building egress
c. Communication Systems - Those used for issuing instructions during
emergency conditions and includes:
1) Disaster Control or Emergency Communications Centers, i.e.
communications equipment, selected receptacles, and task illumination
2) Public Address System (PA)
d. Exit signs
e. Illumination of means of egress
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f. Generator Set Location: Task illumination, battery charger for emergency
battery-powered lighting units, and selected receptacles.
3. The following equipment will be powered from the critical branch:
a. Task illumination, fixed equipment, and selected receptacles serving patient
care areas, medication preparation areas, pharmacy dispensing, nurse
stations
b. Nurse call systems
c. Central suction systems
d. Additional specialized areas where needed
4. The following equipment will be powered from the Equipment branch:
a. Sump pumps and sewage lift stations
b. Telecom equipment rooms
c. Selected mechanical systems such as boilers, pumps, and air handlers for
critical areas
D.
Receptacles and Power Connections
1. All receptacles throughout the building will conform to NEMA heavy-duty
standards. Devices in healthcare areas will be hospital grade. Devices will be
white, except for those served from emergency panels, which will be red in color.
2. Isolated ground type receptacles will be used at specific locations for equipment.
3. Receptacles in restrooms, locker rooms, near counter top sinks, and exterior to
the building will be ground fault circuit interrupting type.
E.
Lighting System
1. Light fixtures will be located in all areas within and around the building in
quantities as necessary to provide light levels in accordance with VA Guidelines.
IESNA Standards will be used for applications not covered in the VA Guidelines.
Emergency egress light levels will have a minimum maintained light level of one
footcandle in egress and exit discharge paths.
2. Exterior lighting at parking lots and drives will be from LED luminaries.
3. Interior lighting throughout the building will be from LED lamps in various fixture
types as follows:
a. Recessed indirect fixtures will be used in offices and conference rooms.
b. Recessed acrylic lensed fixtures and LED down lights will be used in exam
rooms, storage rooms, restrooms, and locker rooms.
c. Open type industrial fixtures with wire guards will be used in
mechanical/electrical rooms.
d. Conference rooms will have dimmable recessed LED fixtures.
e. Exit signs will be LED type and installed in all egress paths.
f. Sealed recessed acrylic lensed fixtures will be used in laboratories.
g. Specialty lighting fixtures will be provided in selected areas such as lobbies.
4. Emergency egress lighting will be provided by powering selected fixtures from
the Life Safety power distribution system.
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5. Lighting control will be as follows:
a. Public spaces will be controlled by a master lighting switch/relay system.
b. Offices and other private spaces will have occupancy sensors with override
off control.
c. Exterior lighting will be controlled via time clock/photocell.
d. Conference rooms will have occupancy sensors.
F.
Fire Alarm
1. An addressable fire alarm system will be provided with a complete local,
manually, and automatically activated system which will provide life safety
protection and consist of the following:
a. Manual pullstations at all exit doors from a floor
b. Duct mounted smoke detectors in air handling units and large exhaust fans
c. Heat detectors in mechanical/electrical rooms
d. Audible/visual units throughout the building meeting ADA requirements
e. Waterflow/tamper switch supervision
f. Door hold open devices
2. Fire alarm control system will have main control panel and booster panels in
selected electrical closets.
3. Audible/Visual units will be combination audible/visual devices and will have
15/75 or 110 candela. Flash rate synchronizing modules will be provided on
each annunciation device circuit.
4. Fire alarm control system will have a remote annunciator located at the fire
department entrance to the building, in Facilities Engineering, and at the central
telephone console (PBX).
5. The remote annunciator panel will audibly and visually annunciate both alarm
and trouble as well as visually indicate the affected device.
6. All air handling units and return air fans will shut down when smoke is detected
by duct mounted smoke detectors. Shutdown will be achieved by relay closure
signaled by the fire alarm panel. Remote test stations with visual indication and
reset will be provided for all duct mounted smoke detectors.
7. Doors with magnetic holders or electro-mechanical closer-holders will be wired to
the fire alarm system and will release doors on alarm or power failure. Door
holders will be released locally by wiring them through auxiliary relays in smoke
detector bases.
8. Duct mounted smoke dampers will be signaled to close by an auxiliary relay base
in the local duct mounted smoke detector. Sprinkler waterflow and tamper
switches will be supervised for alarm and trouble conditions.
G.
Voice/Data System
1. The building will include the following:
a. Incoming service conduits from utility connection location and telecom room
size in accordance with VA and EIA/TIA standards.
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b. Cable tray system will be provided through corridors (above the ceilings) and
extended to the rack locations. Conduits will be provided vertically between
communications rooms.
c. Pull boxes will be installed in each conduit run that exceeds 100 feet. All pull
boxes will have straight through conduit entrance and exit. Pull boxes will be
installed in accessible locations. Conduit runs will have a maximum of two 90
degree bends.
d. Conduit for voice/data drops will be 1" and will run from the cable tray to 4"
square boxes in the walls.
e. Grounding will consist of an insulated copper splice bar at voice/data terminal
boards connected to the main building grounding electrode means.
f. All cabling, racks, and network electronics equipment is not in contract.
H.
Intercom System
1. An intercommunication system will be provided per VA standards. Stations will
be provided at facility ingress and egress points and connected to the Service
Chief's Office or the Security Control Room.
2. A dedicated intercom system will be provided in the Dental Suite. Integration of
this into the telephone system is to be reviewed as an acceptable alternative.
This must be approved during the design stage.
I.
Master Antenna/Cable TV Distribution System
1. The TV signal distribution system shall include antennas, cabling, amplifiers,
devices, racks, surge suppressors, and outlets. TV monitors are not in contract.
J.
Security System
1. A complete closed circuit TV camera system monitoring interior, exterior and
parking lot will be provided with pan/tilt/zoom capability.
2. A complete intrusion detection alarm system will be provided in selected areas.
These intrusion detector alarms will be remotely monitored by a commercial
security alarm monitoring firm, a local police department, or a security office
charged with building security.
3. A complete duress audio/visual call system shall be provided at selected
locations.
K.
Physical Access Control System (PACS)
1. This system shall include, but not be limited to, card readers, keypads,
biometrics, electromagnetic locks and strikes, and electronic security
management system (SMS). PACS devices shall be used to control access and
monitor building entrances, sensitive areas, mission critical asset areas, and
alarm conditions from an access control perspective.
L.
Public Address System
1. A complete public address system will be provided consisting of speakers and
amplifiers with access from the phone system.
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M.
Nurse Call System
1. A complete Nurse Call System will be provided with stations in specific rooms
and dome lights in corridors.
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