Download lipid metabolism - Sigma

LIPID METABOLISM
GUT
E
CH2OCOR
R'CO.OCH
CH2OCOR"
CH3[CH2CH2]nCH=CHCO.S-ACP
Hexenoyl-ACP
H2O
H2O
4.2.1.58
4.2.1.59
4.2.1.61
CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.S-ACP
CH3[CH2CH2]nCH(OH)CH2CO.S-ACP
3-OHHexanoyl-ACP
3-OHButanoyl-ACP
CH3COCH2CO.S-ACP
Acetoacetyl-ACP
CH3[CH2CH2]nCOCH2CO.S-ACP
H 2O
CH3[CH2CH2]nCH(OH)CH2.CO.S-CoA
CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.S-CoA
3-OH-Butanoyl-CoA
3-OH-Acyl-CoA
NAD
FATTY ACIDS
3.1.1.34
Lipoprotein lipase
CO2
NADH+H+
CH3[CH2CH2]nCOCH2.CO.S-CoA
CH3COCH2CO.S-ACP
3-Oxoacyl-CoA
s u li
Acetoacetyl-CoA
2.3.1.16
2.3.1.9
HSACP
2.3.1.41
HSACP
GLUCOSE
2.3.1.41
ACETYL-CoA
CO2
-OOCCH2CO.SACP
ATP
Malonyl-ACP
CH3CO.SACP
HSCoA
2.3.1.39
HS.ACP
Acetyl-ACP
DPH+H +
NA
Pentose
3.6.1.34
NADPH+H
CO2
+
Phosphate
Pathway
HSCoA
2.3.1.38
-OOCCH2CO.SCoA
HSACP
Malonyl-CoA
Insulin
Adrenaline
Citrate
Acyl-CoA
CH3COCH2CO.S-CoA
6.4.1.2
+
1.1.1.40
CH2COOCH3C(OH)CH2COSCoA
ADP+Pi
+
NAD
1.1.1.37
+
NADH+H
ATP
2.3.1.39
4.1.3.7
Citrate
1.1.1.34
-
HO
Acetyl-CoA
Committed
to Cholesterol
Biosynthesis
ATP
CH3COCH3
CHOLESTEROL
Mevalonate
4.1.3.5
Acetone
4.1.1.4
CH3COCH2COO-
CH2COOCH3C(OH)CH2COSCoA
3-OH-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
(HMG)
6.4.1.1
CH3CH(OH)CH2COO
Acetoacetate 1.1.1.30 3-OH-Butyrate
Mitochondrial inner membrane
KETONE BODIES
TCA
CYCLE
Acetyl-CoA
8CH3CO.SCoA + 14NADPH +14H++7ATP
Acetyl-CoA
Brain
(In starvation)
Renal Cortex
Skeletal & Heart Muscle
CATABOLISM
Succinyl-CoA
Citrate
4.1.3.4
CH2COOCH3C(OH)CH2CH2OH
UQH2
UQ
Succinate
Oxoglutarate
H2O
HSCoA
HSCoA
Acetoacetyl-CoA
NADPH+H+
Fumarate
Ubiquinol
ADP+Pi
4.1.3.8
ATP
Malate
NADH+H+
Isocitrate
Oxaloacetate
Oxaloacetate
CO2
Citrate
6.4.1.1
CH3COCH2COSCoA
3-OH-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG)
ANABOLISM
Pyruvate
ATP+ CO2
Malate
ADP+Pi
ACETYL-CoA
2.3.1.9
NADP
Committed
to Lipid
Biosynthesis
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate
Acetoacetyl-CoA
4.1.3.5
+
1.1.1.157
1.1.2.11
I
HSACP
n
4.2.1.55
H2O
Lip o protein
3-Oxoacyl-ACP
CO2
2.3.1.41
FATTY
ACIDS
6.2.1.3
RCOO-
Ins
1.1.1.100
NADPH+H+
3-OxoHexanoyl-ACP
CO2
RCOO-
NADP+
CH3[CH2CH2]nCOCH2CO.S-ACP
ACYL-CoA
Butenoyl-CoA
4.2.1.17
L
i
p
o
p
r
o
t
e
i
n
Glycerol
RCO-SCoA
ulin
NADPH+H+
NADPH+H+
CH3[CH2CH2]nCH=CH.CO.S-CoA
CH3CH2CH2CH=CH.CO.S-CoA
3-Enoyl-CoA
GLUCOSE
(UQ)
(UQH2)
CH2OH
HOCH 3.1.1.23
CH2OH
1.1.1.8
(Glycolysis)
1.3.99.2
Ubiquinol
Monoacylglycerol
Di-OHacetone-P
H2O
3-OH-Acyl-ACP
1.1.1.100
1.1.1.100
CH2OP
CO
CH2OH
CH3[CH2CH2]nCH(OH)CH2CO.S-ACP
NADP+
NADP+
Ubiquinone
n
H 2O
Butanoyl-CoA
1.3.99.3
Glycerol-3-P
3-Enoyl-ACP
Acylcarnitine
CH3CH2CH2.CO.S-CoA
ACYL-CoA
CH2OH
R'CO.OCH
CH2OH
2.3.1.15
2.3.1.51
CH2OH
HOCH
CH2OP
CH3[CH2CH2]nCH=CHCO.S-ACP
n
6
oA
Butenoyl-ACP
Phosphatidate
NADPH+H+
NADPH+H+
quence
Se
s
CH3[CH2CH2]nCH2CH2CO.S-CoA
3.1.1.34
CH2OCOR
R'CO.OCH
CH2O-P
HSCoA
3.1.1.28
Diacylglycerol
3.1.3.4
HSCoA
Carnitine
CH2OCOR
R'CO.OCH
CH2OH
Diacylglycerol
Acylcarnitine
2.3.1.7
Carnitine
3.1.1.3
CH2OCOR
R'CO.OCH
CH2OH
lonyl-C
ACYL-CoA
FATTY
ACIDS 6.2.1.3
Adrenaline
Insulin
2.3.1.20
L
i
p
o
CH3CH2CH2.CO.S-ACP CH3[CH2CH2]nCH2CH2CO.S-ACP CH3[CH2CH2]nCH2CH2CO.S-ACPp
r
Butanoyl-ACP
ACYL-ACP
Hexanoyl-ACP
o
t
e
i
NADP+
NADP+
NADP+
n
1.3.1.10
1.3.1.10
.3 4
oA
orm Palmitoyl-ACP CH3 [CH
s to f
2 CH
nce
2] C
ue
8 OS
q
e
C
S
CH3CH=CH.CO.S-ACP
1.1
3.
TRIACYLGLYCEROL
oprotein
Lip
s
Multi-enzyme complex Includes all the enzymes of
Fatty Acid Synthesis except Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
NADPH+H+
CATABOLISM
FAT
FATTY ACID SYNTHASE
(2.3.1.86)
1.3.1.10
GUT
STORAGE
ADIPOCYTE
(LIVER) Cell Membrane
Cytosol
Ma
FAT GLUCOS
BIOSYNTHESIS
Acetoacetyl-CoA
Acetoacetate
3-OH-Butyrate
KETONE BODIES
CH3[CH2CH2]7CO.SCoA+ 14NADP++7HSCoA+ 7ADP+7Pi
Palmitoyl-CoA
CH3[CH CH2] CO.SCoA + 7Ubiquinone + 7H2O + 7NAD++ 7HSCoA
2
7
Palmitoyl-CoA
8CH3CO.SCoA +7 Ubiquinol +7NADH +7H
Acetyl-CoA
COMPLETE (AEROBIC) OXIDATION OF PALMITOYL CoA
CH3[CH2CH2]7CO.SCoA + 23O2 + ~ (106 ADP + 106Pi)
16CO2 + 119 H2O + HSCoA + ~106ATP
This is a fascinating equation which explains how some animals, such as camels and polar bears can survive in the most adverse environments
They can use fat ,not only as the sole source of energy, but also of water. The killer whale cannot utilise sea-water but creates its own from fat
ENZYMES
Glycerol-3- P-dehydrogenase 1.3.1.10 Enoyl-[ACP]-reductase
1.3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
HMG-CoA reductase
3-OH-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 1.3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
2.3.1.7 Carnitine-O-acyltransferase
Malatedehydrogenase
2.3.1.9 Acetyl-CoA-C-acetyl transferase
Malatedehydrogenase
2.3.1.15 Glycerol-3-P O-ac yl transferase
(oxaloacetate
2.3.1.16
Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
1.1.1.100 3-Oxoacyl-[ACP]
2.3.1.20 DiacylglycerolO-acyltransferase
1.1.1.157 3-OH-butyryl-CoA
2.3.1.38
[ACP]
S-acy l transferase
1.1.1.211 Long-chain 3-OH-acyl-CoA
2.3.1.39 [ACP] S-malonyl transferase
1.2.4.1
Pyruvatedehydrogenase
1.1.1.8
1.1.1.34
1.1.1.35
1.1.1.37
1.1.1.40
2.3.1.51 1-Acylglycerol-3-P O-acyl
transferase
3.1.1.3 Triacylglycerol lipase
3.1.1.23 Acylglycerol lipase
3.1.1.28 Acylcarnitine hydrolase
3.1.1.34 Lipoprotein lipase
3.1.3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase
4.1.1.4 Acetoacetate decarboxylase
4.1.1.9 Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase
4.1.3.4 OH-Methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
4.1.3.5
4.1.3.7
4.1.3.8
4.2.1.17
4.2.1.55
4.2.1.58
4.2.1.59
4.2.1.61
6.2.1.3
6.4.1.1
6.4.1.2
OH-Methylglutaryl-CoA synthase
Citrate synthase
ATP Citrate lyase
Enoyl-CoA hydratase
3-OH-Butyryl-CoA dehydratase
Crotonyl-[ACP] hydratase
3-OH-octanoyl-[ACP] dehydratase
3-OH-Palmitoyl-[ACP] dehydratase
Long-chain-fatty.-acid-CoA ligase
Pyruvate carboxylase
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
+