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The Ancient Near East: Mesopotamia When-Between 3500-3000 BCE Where-Modern day Iraq Who-Sumerians What-First written language, temples, and sculpted figures The ancient culture of Mesopotamia flourished because they lives between two rivers…the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The rivers caused rich soil=lots of food Their art was stylized. No details, very simple. Sculptures-Human figures has big eyes which were “windows to the souls”. Sculptures have praying hands and pray to many gods-polytheistic Whoo Hoo-first system of writing!!! Created a system of wedge shaped marks in clay that was the earliest form of written language known as cuneiform. Temples The Sumerians constructed huge mountains of earth faced with mud-brick and some fired brick. ziggurats- the high temple platform, usually built in the form of a truncated stepped pyramid with ramp like stairways leading to the sanctuary at the top. Cella-the main rectangular room of a temple containing the image of a god or goddess. Sacrifices were often made here. Most famous Ziggurat The most famous of all Ziggurats was the Biblical Tower of Babel, which was completely destroyed. The mud-brick deteriorated and left only the foundations of most ziggurats. The Last Ziggurat The Ziggurat at Ur 2100-2000 BC Present day Iraq Includes stepped levels, dramatic staircases, and subtle curves Used to bridge the gap between the earthly and the divine-therefore the structure is as high as possible.