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CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
Jan2017
ASSESSMENT_CODE BB0010_Jan2017
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
8305
QUESTION_TEXT
Explain the Scope and Applications of Statistics?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Statistics is considered to be a distinct branch of study applicable to
investigations in many branches of science. Statistical methods are
applied to specific problems in Biology, Medicine, Agriculture,
Commerce, Business Economics, Industry, Insurance, Sociology,
Psychology etc.
Statistics in Biology, Medicine, Agriculture, etc.; Statistical methods are
in much use in the study of problems associated with Biological
sciences. They are applied in the study of growth of plant, movement of
fish population in the ocean, migration of birds, effect of newly invented
medicines, theories of heredity, estimation of yield of crop, effect of
newly invented medicines, theories of heredity, estimation of yield of
crop, effect of fertilizer on yield, birth rate, death rate, population
growth, growth of bacteria etc. The branch of Statistics which deals with
problems in Biology is Biometry. The branch which deals with problems
relating to population growth is Demography. It is well known that
insurance premiums are based on the age composition of the population
and the mortality rates. Actuarial science deals with the calculation of
insurance premiums and dividends. 5 mark
Statistics is Economics, Commerce, Business etc.; Statistics is part and
parcel of Economics, Commerce and Business. Statistical analysis of
variations of price, demand and production are helpful to businessmen
and economists. Cost of living index numbers help in economic planning
and fixation of wages. They are used to estimate the value of money.
Analysis of demand, price, production costs, inventory cost, etc., help in
decision making in business activities. Management of limited resources
and labour in obtaining maximum profit is done by statistical analysis of
data. Planned recruitments and distribution of staff, proper quality
control methods, careful study of demand for goods in the market,
capture of market by advertisement, balance investment, etc. help the
producer to extract maximum profit out of minimum capital. In
industries, statistical quality control techniques help in increasing and
controlling the quality of products at minimum cost. A government’s
administrative system is fully dependent on production statistics, income
statistics, labour statistics, economic indices of cost, price, etc. Economic
planning of any nature is entirely based on statistical facts. Statistics has
become so important today that hardly any science exists independent of
this, and hence the statement ‘Sciences without Statistics bear no fruit;
Statistics without Sciences has no root’. 5 mark
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
73101
QUESTION_TEXT
Briefly explain the advantages of sampling.
SCHEME OF EVALUATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Non-feasibility (2 marks)
Destructive Tests(2 marks)
Prohibitive Costs of Census(2 marks)
Facilitates Timely Results(2 marks)
More Accurate Results(2 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
73102
QUESTION_TEXT
Define index number. What are their uses and limitations?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
An index number is a statistical device designed to measure relative level of a group of related
variables over a period of time or space.(1 mark)
Uses of Index Numbers:
1. Index numbers are useful to governments in formulating policies regarding economic
activities such as taxation, imports and exports, grant of licence to new firms, bank rate, etc.
2. Index numbers are useful in comparing variations in production, price, etc.
3. Index numbers help industrialists and businessmen in planning their activities such as
production of goods, their stock, etc.
4. Consumer price index numbers are used for the fixation of salary and grant of allowances
to employees.
5. Consumer price index numbers are used for the evaluation of purchasing power of
money. (5 marks)
Limitations of Index Numbers:
1. While constructing index numbers, some representative items alone are made use of. The
index number so obtained may not indicate the changes in the concerned fields accurately.
2. As customs and habits change from time to time, the use of commodities also vary. And
so, it is not possible to assign proper weights to various items.
3. Many formulae are used for the construction of index numbers. These formulae give
different values for the index.
4. There is ample scope for bias in the construction of index numbers. By altering the price
quotation or by improper selection of items, index numbers can be manipulated. (4 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
117995
QUESTION_TEXT
What is dispersion? Explain briefly the various methods of measuring
variation (Dispersion).
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Variation(dispersion) is the property of deviation of values from the average.
The degree variation is indicated by the measures of variation.
Various measures of variation are
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Range: Range is the difference between the highest and the lowest
values in the data.
Quartile deviation: The quartile deviation is obtained by dividing the
range between the lower and the upper quartiles by 2.
Mean deviation: The mean deviation of a set of values from a central
value is the mean of absolute deviations of the values from the central
value.
Standard deviation: The standard deviation of a set of values is the
positive square root of mean of the squared deviations of the values
from their arithmetic mean.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
117996
Write short notes on:
i.
Histogram
QUESTION_TEXT
ii.
Frequency polygon
iii.
Cumulative frequency curve
i.
Histogram: In histogram the class interval are plotted along X axis and
the frequencies along y axis. The first class interval is taken on X axis and
on it a rectangle with the frequency corresponding to that class interval as
height is erected. Then the second class interval is taken on x-axis and on
it a rectangle with the frequency corresponding to this second class
interval as height is erected. In this way rectangle corresponding to each
of the class intervals erected side by side.
Frequency polygon: To construct frequency polygon, the mid values of the
class intervals are taken as abscissa and the corresponding frequencies
are ordinate and these points are plotted on a paper. These points are
then joined in order by straight lines. Finally the first of these points is
joined to the lower limit of the first interval and the last of these points to
the upper limit of the interval. The polygon so formed by these lines and X
axis is called frequency polygon.
Cumulative Frequency Curve: In these graphs, the points with the upper
limits of class intervals abscissa and the corresponding less than
cumulative frequencies as ordinates are plotted. Then a free hand curve is
drawn passing through these points. This curve is known as less than
cumulative frequency curve or less than ogive.
ii.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
iii.
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
117997
QUESTION_TEXT
What is a population? Mention types of Population. Explain Basic properties of
population.
A Population can be defined as the totality of all possible observations,
measurements or outcomes.
Two types of Population:
i.
Finite Population
ii.
Infinite Population
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
Basic Properties of Population
i.
Variability in the Elementary Units: Whatever be our target
population, measurements of any characteristics of its elementary units
are subject to variations. These variations are caused by the operation of
multiplicity of complex forces which act and react upon each other and
influence the population units in varying degrees.
ii.
Variability not without limits: Interestingly, while the variability in the
measurement of the elementary units is a universal property of all
populations, the magnitude of variations is not without limits.
iii. Uniformity in variations: There are multiplicity of complex forces which
generate variations in the elementary units. These forces tend to be so
balanced in their influence that most of the measurements cluster around
a typical central value.