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1
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
Corpus delicti refers to:
A. The facts establishing probable cause
B. The facts establishing that a particular crime has occurred
C. A term used by forensic pathologists to describe an advanced stage of decomposition
D. Latin words describing the genus and species of a "magic" mushroom
E. Latin words used to describe the Scientific Method
2.
Forensic Science differs from the traditional sciences because the results of physical evidence
examination are:
A. Published in the Journal of Forensic Sciences
B. Stored in computer databases
C. Obtained by the Scientific Method of inquiry
D. Used for jury selection
E. Used in Legal Proceedings
3.
The "body" or basic elements of a crime are described by the Latin term:
A. Modus Operandi
B. Corpus Delicti
C. Post facto
D. Forensics
E. Antemortem
4.
Which of the following acronyms refers to a computer database of DNA profiles?
A. AFIS
B. CODIS
C. NIBIN
D. ABC
E. FBI
5.
Which of the following acronyms refers to a computer database of fingerprints?
A. AFIS
B. CODIS
C. NIBIN
D. ABC
E. FBI
6.
Which of the following individuals developed an anthropometric system for human identification in the
1890s?
A. Mathieu Orfila
B. Hans Gross
C. Alphonse Bertillon
D. Edmond Locard
E. August Vollmer
7.
Which of the following individuals is known as the "Father of Forensic Toxicology"?
A. R. A. Riess
B. Edmond Locard
C. Calvin Goddard
D. Mathieu Orfila
E. August Vollmer
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8.
Which of the following individuals established one of the world's first police crime laboratories in Lyon,
France in1910?
A. R. A. Riess
B. Edmond Locard
C. Calvin Goddard
D. Mathieu Orfila
E. August Vollmer
9.
Which of the following forensic organizations is involved with the certification of forensic scientists?
A. AFIS
B. ASCLD/LAB
C. CODIS
D. ABC
E. AAFS
10. Which of the following forensic organizations is involved with the accreditation of forensic laboratories?
A. AFIS
B. ASCLD/LAB
C. CODIS
D. ABC
E. AAFS
11. The "Scientific Method" is:
A. A procedure to extract DNA from biological evidence
B. A multi-step method of inquiry used by scientists
C. A legal term to describe the work of a forensic scientist
D. A method used by investigators to reconstruct crime scene events
E. Both a multi-step method of inquiry used by scientists and a method used by investigators to
reconstruct crime scene events.
12. Which of the following involves the study of diseases and the bodily changes caused by those diseases?
A. Entomology
B. Pathology
C. Anthropology
D. Odontology
E. Toxicology
13. Which of the following would not be considered as a manner of death?
A. natural
B. homicide
C. suicide
D. asphyxiation
E. accident
14. Which of the following could be considered as a cause of death?
A. natural
B. homicide
C. suicide
D. asphyxiation
E. accident
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15. The science which examines the effects of extraneous materials such as poisons on the human body is
known as:
A. Psychology
B. Pathology
C. Anthropology
D. Odontology
E. Toxicology
16. Which of the following can be determined by a Forensic Anthropologist examining skeletal remains?
A. Whether the remains are of human or animal origin
B. Skeletal abnormalities and skeletal trauma
C. The age, gender, and stature of the individual
D. The racial origin of the individual in some situations
E. All of the choices are correct.
17. Modus operandi refers to:
A. The facts establishing probable cause
B. The method used by the crime scene investigator
C. The mutual exchange principle
D. The habits of an unidentified offender
E. Latin words used to describe the Scientific Method
18. Which of the following is not one of the principle elements of a forensic investigation involving physical
evidence?
A. Recognizing physical evidence at a crime scene
B. Demonstrating that fire debris contains an ignitable fluid
C. Comparing the properties of an exemplar with an evidentiary specimen
D. Understanding the events that produced an item of evidence
E. None of the choices are correct.
19. In forensic science the term "individualization" refers to:
A. The placement of an inanimate object into its proper class
B. Class determinations involving quantitative comparisons
C. Linking two separate murders to one perpetrator by the modus operandi
D. Identifying a controlled substance from powder residues on a plastic bag
E. A jigsaw fit between two pieces of a broken drinking glass
20. Which of the following contributions can be made by the forensic examination of physical evidence?
A. Linking a victim to a suspect
B. Identifying the chemical nature of unknown powders
C. Corroborating statements made by witnesses
D. Only linking a victim to a suspect and identifying the chemical nature of unknown powders
E.Linking a victim to a suspect, identifying the chemical nature of unknown powders, and corroborating
statements made by witnesses
21. R. A. Riess was a magistrate and professor of Law in Austria who introduced the
term "Criminalistics."
True False
22. J. Edgar Hoover established the Los Angeles Police Department forensic laboratory in 1923, the first of
its kind in the USA.
True False
23. Calvin Goddard established a crime lab in Chicago in 1929 and developed a comparison microscope for
the examination of fired bullets.
True False
24. AFIS is computer database containing images of bullets and cartridge cases.
True False
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25. A well tested scientific hypothesis is known as a theory.
True False
26. A forensic pathologist may specialize in the "profiling" of perpetrators in serial murder or serial rapist
cases.
True False
27. Criminalistics is a forensic science discipline that involves the recognition, identification,
individualization, and evaluation of physical evidence using methods of science.
True False
28. The objective of classification is to understand the nature and sequence of events which created a
particular item of evidence.
True False
29. Demonstrating that two separate objects were at one time a single object is an example of
individualization.
True False
30. Forensic scientists can never prove that they are absolutely right.
True False
31. What is Forensic Science?
32. What is the relationship between the following scientific terms: hypothesis, a theory, and a natural law?
33. What is the purpose of designing a controlled experiment?
34. Explain why the Scientific Method is an important to both forensic science and crime scene
investigations.
Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Introduction-to-Forensic-Science-and-Criminalistics-by-Gaensslen
35. List the four possible contributions that a forensic anthropologist can make to a criminal investigation by
the examination of skeletal remains.
36. Provide the names of the two US systems which deal with death investigations and briefly explain how
they differ from each other?
37. What are the two major types of analyses performed by a forensic odontologist.
38. Provide a definition for the following terms: identification and individualization.
39. State the four different types of information that one can obtain from the examination of physical
evidence and provide an example to show their value to investigations and prosecutions.
40. The Scientific Method of inquiry involves four basic steps. List the four steps and provide an everyday
example of applying the Scientific Method which will illustrate the four steps.
Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Introduction-to-Forensic-Science-and-Criminalistics-by-Gaensslen
41. Explain the steps and what information is required by a forensic entomologist in order to estimate the
time-since-death of found human remains.
42. State the four principal elements of forensic evidence analysis and briefly explain the significance of each
element to the forensic investigation process.
43. Comparisons are an important forensic analysis. Explain what is meant by a forensic comparison, what
samples are required, and the difference between an inclusion and an exclusion.
Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Introduction-to-Forensic-Science-and-Criminalistics-by-Gaensslen
1 Key
1.
Corpus delicti refers to:
A. The facts establishing probable cause
B. The facts establishing that a particular crime has occurred
C. A term used by forensic pathologists to describe an advanced stage of decomposition
D. Latin words describing the genus and species of a "magic" mushroom
E. Latin words used to describe the Scientific Method
2.
Forensic Science differs from the traditional sciences because the results of physical evidence
examination are:
A. Published in the Journal of Forensic Sciences
B. Stored in computer databases
C. Obtained by the Scientific Method of inquiry
D. Used for jury selection
E. Used in Legal Proceedings
3.
The "body" or basic elements of a crime are described by the Latin term:
A. Modus Operandi
B. Corpus Delicti
C. Post facto
D. Forensics
E. Antemortem
4.
Which of the following acronyms refers to a computer database of DNA profiles?
A. AFIS
B. CODIS
C. NIBIN
D. ABC
E. FBI
5.
Which of the following acronyms refers to a computer database of fingerprints?
A. AFIS
B. CODIS
C. NIBIN
D. ABC
E. FBI
6.
Which of the following individuals developed an anthropometric system for human identification in
the 1890s?
A. Mathieu Orfila
B. Hans Gross
C. Alphonse Bertillon
D. Edmond Locard
E. August Vollmer
7.
Which of the following individuals is known as the "Father of Forensic Toxicology"?
A. R. A. Riess
B. Edmond Locard
C. Calvin Goddard
D. Mathieu Orfila
E. August Vollmer
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #1
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #2
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #3
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #4
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #5
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #6
Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Introduction-to-Forensic-Science-and-Criminalistics-by-Gaensslen
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #7
8.
Which of the following individuals established one of the world's first police crime laboratories in
Lyon, France in1910?
A. R. A. Riess
B. Edmond Locard
C. Calvin Goddard
D. Mathieu Orfila
E. August Vollmer
9.
Which of the following forensic organizations is involved with the certification of forensic scientists?
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #8
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
AFIS
ASCLD/LAB
CODIS
ABC
AAFS
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #9
10.
Which of the following forensic organizations is involved with the accreditation of forensic
laboratories?
A. AFIS
B. ASCLD/LAB
C. CODIS
D. ABC
E. AAFS
11.
The "Scientific Method" is:
A. A procedure to extract DNA from biological evidence
B. A multi-step method of inquiry used by scientists
C. A legal term to describe the work of a forensic scientist
D. A method used by investigators to reconstruct crime scene events
E. Both a multi-step method of inquiry used by scientists and a method used by investigators to
reconstruct crime scene events.
12.
Which of the following involves the study of diseases and the bodily changes caused by those
diseases?
A. Entomology
B. Pathology
C. Anthropology
D. Odontology
E. Toxicology
13.
Which of the following would not be considered as a manner of death?
A. natural
B. homicide
C. suicide
D. asphyxiation
E. accident
14.
Which of the following could be considered as a cause of death?
A. natural
B. homicide
C. suicide
D. asphyxiation
E. accident
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #10
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #11
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #12
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #13
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #14
Full file at http://testbankcart.eu/Test-Bank-for-Introduction-to-Forensic-Science-and-Criminalistics-by-Gaensslen
15.
The science which examines the effects of extraneous materials such as poisons on the human body is
known as:
A. Psychology
B. Pathology
C. Anthropology
D. Odontology
E. Toxicology
16.
Which of the following can be determined by a Forensic Anthropologist examining skeletal remains?
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #15
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Whether the remains are of human or animal origin
Skeletal abnormalities and skeletal trauma
The age, gender, and stature of the individual
The racial origin of the individual in some situations
All of the choices are correct.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #16
17.
Modus operandi refers to:
A. The facts establishing probable cause
B. The method used by the crime scene investigator
C. The mutual exchange principle
D. The habits of an unidentified offender
E. Latin words used to describe the Scientific Method
18.
Which of the following is not one of the principle elements of a forensic investigation involving
physical evidence?
A. Recognizing physical evidence at a crime scene
B. Demonstrating that fire debris contains an ignitable fluid
C. Comparing the properties of an exemplar with an evidentiary specimen
D. Understanding the events that produced an item of evidence
E. None of the choices are correct.
19.
In forensic science the term "individualization" refers to:
A. The placement of an inanimate object into its proper class
B. Class determinations involving quantitative comparisons
C. Linking two separate murders to one perpetrator by the modus operandi
D. Identifying a controlled substance from powder residues on a plastic bag
E. A jigsaw fit between two pieces of a broken drinking glass
20.
Which of the following contributions can be made by the forensic examination of physical evidence?
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #17
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #18
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #19
A. Linking a victim to a suspect
B. Identifying the chemical nature of unknown powders
C. Corroborating statements made by witnesses
D. Only linking a victim to a suspect and identifying the chemical nature of unknown powders
E. Linking a victim to a suspect, identifying the chemical nature of unknown powders, and
corroborating statements made by witnesses
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #20
21.
R. A. Riess was a magistrate and professor of Law in Austria who introduced the
term "Criminalistics."
FALSE
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #21
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22.
J. Edgar Hoover established the Los Angeles Police Department forensic laboratory in 1923, the first
of its kind in the USA.
FALSE
23.
Calvin Goddard established a crime lab in Chicago in 1929 and developed a comparison microscope
for the examination of fired bullets.
TRUE
24.
AFIS is computer database containing images of bullets and cartridge cases.
FALSE
25.
A well tested scientific hypothesis is known as a theory.
TRUE
26.
A forensic pathologist may specialize in the "profiling" of perpetrators in serial murder or serial rapist
cases.
FALSE
27.
Criminalistics is a forensic science discipline that involves the recognition, identification,
individualization, and evaluation of physical evidence using methods of science.
TRUE
28.
The objective of classification is to understand the nature and sequence of events which created a
particular item of evidence.
FALSE
29.
Demonstrating that two separate objects were at one time a single object is an example of
individualization.
TRUE
30.
Forensic scientists can never prove that they are absolutely right.
TRUE
31.
What is Forensic Science?
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #22
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #23
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #24
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #25
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #26
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #27
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #28
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #29
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #30
Science in the service of Law
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #31
32.
What is the relationship between the following scientific terms: hypothesis, a theory, and a natural
law?
A hypothesis is an educated guess to explain an observation.
A theory is a well-tested hypothesis.
A natural law is a well-tested theory.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #32
33.
What is the purpose of designing a controlled experiment?
A controlled experiment is a carefully designed experiment to test one variable of a hypothesis.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #33
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34.
Explain why the Scientific Method is an important to both forensic science and crime scene
investigations.
First, forensic science is a science and science uses the scientific method to build its knowledge base.
Second, the scientific method forms the basis for event reconstruction.
Third, the scientific method provides a logical and productive basis for investigations.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #34
35.
List the four possible contributions that a forensic anthropologist can make to a criminal investigation
by the examination of skeletal remains.
Whether the remains are of animal or human origin.
An estimate of age, stature, and gender.
The racial origin in some situations.
Skeletal abnormalities and trauma.
Information about the cause of death.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #35
36.
Provide the names of the two US systems which deal with death investigations and briefly explain
how they differ from each other?
The coroner system and the medical examiner system.
A coroner is an elected official who does not need any special medical knowledge or training, calling
on specialists for assistance or convening a coroner's inquest to determine the cause of death.
A medical examiner is a medical pathologist trained in making the determination as to the cause of
death.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #36
37.
What are the two major types of analyses performed by a forensic odontologist.
Identifying human remains by visual examination of pre and postmortem dental X-rays and bite mark
comparisons between a questioned mark and known bite marks from a suspect.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #37
38.
Provide a definition for the following terms: identification and individualization.
Identification is the process of placing an object within a group of similar objects according to their
basic characteristics.
Individualization is the process of demonstrating that an object is unique, even among members of the
same class or that two separate objects were at one time a single object (common source or origin).
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #38
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39.
State the four different types of information that one can obtain from the examination of physical
evidence and provide an example to show their value to investigations and prosecutions.
There are five to choose from:
i) Corpus delicti: establishing the elements of a crime. For example, showing the presence of a
controlled substance in an unknown powder seized from an individuals.
ii) Supporting or disproving statements of victims, suspects, and/or witnesses: physical evidence can
play an objective reporter role in a case against which statements can be evaluated. For example,
supporting or refuting alibi statements made by a suspect.
iii) Identifying substances, materials, or persons: identifying the presence of an ignitable fluid in fire
debris to support the investigation of a suspicious fire or identifying suspects via fingerprints left at a
scene.
iv) Investigative Leads: physical evidence can ensure that an investigation is proceeding down a
productive path. The development of computer databases of fingerprints, DNA profiles, and bullets
means that physical evidence can be more helpful at the investigative stage. For example identifying
a person through fingerprints or DNA evidence, or identifying a weapon through bullets found at a
scene.
v) Establishing Linkages or Exclusions: Physical evidence may connect a suspect to a victim, a
suspect to a scene or a weapon to a suspect or victim. Exclusions may help to eliminate potential
suspects thus re-directing the investigation.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #39
40.
The Scientific Method of inquiry involves four basic steps. List the four steps and provide an everyday
example of applying the Scientific Method which will illustrate the four steps.
The four basic steps are, making an observation, stating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and
refining or re-testing the hypothesis.
There are many possible examples. Three are outlined in Chapter 1 under the title "Everyday
Examples of Applying the Scientific Method":
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #40
41.
Explain the steps and what information is required by a forensic entomologist in order to estimate the
time-since-death of found human remains.
Eggs, larvae or pupae must be collected from the body and reared until the adult stage in order to
identify the insect species.
The entomologist must have knowledge of the life cycle of insects and how long each stage of the life
cycle takes.
Environmental information such as temperature, length of daylight hours, and scene information is
then used to back calculate and estimate the time since death.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #41
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42.
State the four principal elements of forensic evidence analysis and briefly explain the significance of
each element to the forensic investigation process.
i) Evidence Recognition: the first step in a forensic investigation. Physical evidence can play an
important role in the investigation of a crime only if it is recognized.
ii) Classification (identification): the second step is to classified evidence according to their basic
characteristics. With chemical evidence, forensic laboratory examination consists exclusively of
classification, e.g. the identification of an illicit drug, gunshot residue, ignitable fluids). Classification
establishes the crucial facts needed to prove a case.
iii) Individualization: the third step is to establish the uniqueness of an item or to show a common
source. This step in the analysis process can result in an inclusion or exclusion.
iv) Reconstruction: the analysis of physical evidence can help to understand the nature and sequence
of events that occurred at the crime scene. This step in the analysis of evidence requires the
application of the scientific and is particular valuable in corroborating statements made by victim,
suspect, or witnesses.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #42
43.
Comparisons are an important forensic analysis. Explain what is meant by a forensic comparison,
what samples are required, and the difference between an inclusion and an exclusion.
The analysis involves the comparison of specific characteristics associated with one item of evidence
with that of another. The objective is to determine whether they are of similar or different origins.
An exemplary specimen (of known source), is compared with a questioned specimen (the evidentiary
sample).
If a sufficient number of characteristics match during the comparison, we have an inclusion. We can
state that the questioned sample came from the known.
If there are unexplained differences in the individual characteristics between a questioned and known
specimen, we have an exclusion. They could not have a common origin.
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter... #43
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1 Summary
Category
Gaensslen - 001 Chapter...
# of Questions
43
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