Download Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation

Chapter 7 Life in the New Nation
Life in the New Nation
1783-1850
Cultural, Social, and Religious
life in America
Chapter 7: Section 1
In the early 1800’s the culture, religion, and
social practices of Americans adapted to
meet the challenges of a new and growing
nation.
By: Carly Norris, Christina Norwood, and ?
Cultural Advancements
• American Scholars and Artists
• Education
• Republican Virtues
By: Carly Norris,
Christina Norwood, and ?
?
American Scholars and Artists
Their goal was to improve the lives of all
Americans. The reason that the scholars
emerged was because of increased
prosperity.
Benjamin Banneker
From: Maryland
Worked as a writer, inventor,
mathematician, and astronomer.
Mapped out Washington DC.
Published the first issue of the
Almanac detailing the motions of
the moon, sun, planets and stars.
Mercy Otis Warren
From: Plymouth, Massachusetts
She wrote several patriotic plays
encouraging the cause of
independence.
Wrote a book called The History of
the American Revolution
Charles Wilson
From: Pennsylvania
Artist who painted more than
1000 portraits in his life.
Served as a soldier in the
Revolution.
Founded the first major museum
in the new nation.
Benjamin Rush
From: Pennsylvania
He was a doctor, scientist,
and a revolutionary who
signed the Declaration of
Independence, published
numerous books on chemistry
and medicine.
Phillis Wheatley
From: Sengal, West Africa
Wrote poems called Poems on various
subjects, religious and moral.
Was a slave and was lucky that she was
allowed to read and write.
Education
• American began to see/believe that children's education
as means of developing a rich an uniquely American
culture.
• American Spelling Book: Written by Noah Webster, and
first appeared in 1783. The book was like a major
dictionary, practically developing standards for the
natural language. Webster also backed up this call by
creating the American Dictionary of the English
Language.
• 1789, Massachusetts legislature made teachers present
in class the “principles of piety, justice, and a sacred
regard to truth, love to their country…chastity,
moderation, and temperance.” and any other things that
regarded the Republican Constitution.
Republican Virtues
• The virtues that the American people would
need to govern themselves were called
Republican Virtues.
• This included self-reliance, hard work, frugality,
harmony, and sacrificing individual needs for the
good of the community.
• They looked to women for these virtues because
of their roles of wives, mothers, and teachers.
Because of this, women began attending
schools to learn how to be “republican women.”
Population
Growth
Section 1 – Social Changes
By: Kat St.George
Population Growth
• About 2.7 million
people lived in the
original 13 states in
1780
• By 1830 the population
grew to about 12
million people in 24
states
• From 1780-1830 the
population doubled
every 20 years
• About 90% of the
population growth came
from the amount of
children born in each
family
• In the 1800s, the average
woman had 5 kids
• During the early 1800s
about 130 of every 1,000
children died before their
1st birthday
• Today the rate is only 7
deaths per 1,000 births
Children
Median Age
• The median age in 1820 was 17
• Today the median age is 35
Ch 7, Section 1 - Social Changes
• Mobility
• Don’t know who did this section….
SECTION
1:
social changes
New Rules for Courtship and Marriage
Katie Chapman
Women & Marriage
• One of the few decision women had
some control over was her choice of
marriage partner.
• Marriage had become a matter of
survival because there were few job
opportunities for women.
• Women learned how to judge a
potential mate by reading books.
Courtship in the 1800’s
Courtship: A long period of getting
acquainted with suitors before committing
themselves to marry.
In this time period, women were becoming
more cautious about marriage. They waited
a long time to get to know their future
husband.
In the time period of courtship, couples often
wrote love letters to each other.
Whether true love or not, courtship lead to
the marriages that were building the new
nation.
Country Wedding (1814). The painting pokes fun at
young love and newly married couples.
Chapter 7 section 1
Religious Renewal
The Second Great Awakening
By: Kayla Burgess
† Powerful religious
movement in the early
1800’s
† Stressed the importance
of the Congregation
(members), rather then
ministers
† Began in Kentucky and
Tennessee
† Also the revival brought
back people to a religious
life
and
accepting
belief
† Evangelical movement
in Jesus
affection Protestant
Christians
† This created several new
denominations
Three ideas:
† Christian Bible, known as
the Script is the finial
authority
† Salvation can be achieved
only through personal belief
in Jesus
† People demonstrate true
faith called “witnessing for
Christ”
Chapter 7 Section 1
Religious Renewal
New Denominations
By: Grace Long
During the Second
Great Awakening
several Protestant
denominations
(religious
subgroups)
experienced rapid
growth.
The United States soon had more
different Christian denominations
than any other nation.
The new denominations included
the following:
Baptists
Methodists
Unitarians
Mormons
Millennialists
Ch. 7, Section 1- Religious Renewal:
African American Worship
African American
preacher, Juliann Jane
Tillman
Tyler Bishop
A4
African American Worship
• Like white Americans, many African Americans
turned to evangelical religion
• They found a strong sense of community in
Methodism and other Protestant denominations
• As African Americans joined Christian churches,
black and white traditions blended together.
• African Americans focused mainly on themes
that held a double meaning.
• Believed that most important feature of a person
was the content of their character.
African American Worship Cont.
• African Americans sometimes felt unwelcome in whitedominated churches.
• Tensions between whites and African Americans
increased as African Americans became more assertive
about sharing in democratic liberty.
• They then created their own church called the African
Methodist Episcopal Church, consisting of 86 churches
and 8,000 members.
• Elected Richard Allen, who was a leader in the creation
of the AME, as bishop of the church.
• The democratic nature of the Second Great Awakening
had attracted many African Americans to the churches of
evangelical denominations. The evangelical churches
were not able to establish real equality for African
Americans.
Ch 7, Section 2 - Trails to the West
In the early years of the republic, many people
traveled west over the Appalachians to settle in
the Ohio and Mississippi valleys. Later, settlers
would cross the continent to the Great Salt Lake
and Pacific Coast.
Ch. 7, Section 2 – crossing the Appalachians By Eli William
-The biggest reason for expansion westward
across the Appalachians was because it was
getting to over populated!! (people wanted
elbow room!!!!)
-The are they were trying to reach was called
The Trans-Appalachia
• The way they made it across the trans Appalachia was
through main roads and water ways. The main roads
consisted of Mohawk trail as well as the Great Valley
and Richmond Road.
• Most of the population settled in the Ohio river valley
Ch7, Section2- Crossing the
Appalachians
- Settling in the Wilderness
- Alex Dandridge
Trans- Appalachia
•
People from many different backgrounds (religions and ethnic groups) settled in the
areas west of the Appalachian Mountains. This area became known as TransAppalachia. In 1792 nearly 75000 settlers had settled in Trans-Appalachia. When
people left to settle in the west, the whole family went together. Once people had
reached their destination out west, they had no work. They were forced to plant
crops, clear trees, and build log cabins for themselves. Below is a route that took
settlers to the west through the Cumberland Gap, which became the main route to
the western regions.
Daniel Boone
•
Daniel Boone became a legend. He had hunted in Kentucky as early as 1767 and
survived a clash with a band of Cherokee Indians in 1773. Boone was hired by the
Transylvania Company, to cut a road in the wilderness through the Cumberland
gap. This road enabled people to pass through the gap.
Northwest Ordinance
•
9800 slaves had moved west with their owners. The Northwest-Ordinance of 1787
stated that there would be no slavery in the areas north of the Ohio River. This
included places like Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan.
Ch 7, Section 2 – Crossing
the Appalachians
• Forcing Native Americans West
•By: Chase Steele
The Details
• Americans wanted land real bad. So they crossed the
Apps. And tried to make Indian’s leave there territory
for free land.
• Cities and towns became overpopulated, needed
more farm land.
• The U.S. gov’t pressured tribes to move west.
• The gov’t saw this land as perfect reservation land in
the Louisiana Terr.
• But the land was thought to be un-farmable.
More Details
• Federal Agents would bribe some tribe
leaders.
• Most of the tribes moved in the res.
• Many died from foreign diseases, starvation,
and many epidemics.
• The Indian population decreased by a lot!!
Chapter 7, Section 2 Expanding
into Florida
•Spanish Occupation
•In 1795 the United States and Spain agreed to the
Pinckney Treaty. Named after Thomas Pinckney, Who
arranged it. It stated that
1) The southern boundary of the United States was
set at 31 degrees N latitude, leaving Florida firmly in
Spanish hands.
Ch 7 Section 2- Continued
• United states citizens would be allowed free
use to the Mississippi river through Spanish
territory.
• They both agreed to control the Native
Americans within their borders to prevent
them from attacking.
• Socha – What happen with the Seminole and
Andrew Jackson?
The Seminole Wars
In March 1818 General Jackson led 2000
men to burn & capture Spanish towns of
Seminole Indians. Eventually they
captured western Florida. Spain was not
happy when America wouldn’t apologize
and give the land back. Spain eventually
agreed to give the remainder of Florida if
America gave them parts of Texas,
creating a new border between U.S. and
Spanish territories. This resolution was
called the Adams- Onis Treaty.
Ch 7, Section 2 - Bound for the Pacific
• The Oregon Country
Bound for the
Pacific
The Oregon Country
Emily Deaton
Fur Trade
 Land beyond the Rocky Mountains was
called the Oregon Country
 Yankee merchants traded for furs with
Indians.
 Fur traders, called Mountain Men,
adopted Indian ways.
Claiming the Oregon
Country
 By the early 1800s, four different nations
(United States, Great Britain, Russia, and
Spain) had all claimed rights to the
Oregon Country.
 Great Britain signed the Convention of
1818, agreeing to joint occupation.
Arrival of Missionaries
 Missionaries were sent to the Oregon
Country, although most missionaries
increased hostility instead of converting
the Indians.
Chapter 7, Section 2
Bound for the Pacific
By:Bizz Alidost
Overland Travelers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Main route across the vast central plain and the Rocky Mountains
Journey to the Oregon country took four to six months
Very expensive $500-$1000 to make the trip
Reason for the journey was to obtain land
Many of the pioneers also enjoyed the challenge and independence of life on the
frontier
Disease was a deadly threat to the pioneers more than the Native Americans
Cholera killed as many as 10,000 pioneers between 1840 and 1860
By 1845 more than 5,000 Americans had migrated to the Oregon Country
Wagon trains traveled along the Oregon Trail
Mormon Migrations
Mormons-
By: Noel Baker
a religious group founded by Joseph Smith in New York state.
Mormons
were harassed by neighbors who condemned their beliefs causing
them to migrate in 1839 to Nauvoo, Illinois.
Relations
with neighbors in Illinois broke down in part because smith revealed
that the Mormons allowed men to have more than one wife at the same time
1844-
again.
a hostile mob killed Smith and his brother and the Mormons moved once
1847-
Hundreds of Mormons left their temporary camps in Iowa for new homes
in the valley of the Great Salt Lake. The Route they followed came to be called
the Mormon trail.
Mormons
prospered as farmers and traders by skillfully irrigating their desert
region and by selling food and supplies to pioneers heading to California and
Oregon.
Ch 7, Section 2 – Bound For The Pacific
• GOLD RUSH
The California gold rush
began in 1848 when
gold was discovered by
a carpenter building a
saw mill
Who Did this section?
The News Hits The East Coast
• The news of gold in
California filled the
papers in the eastern
United States.
Americans moved by
the masses to California
in the hope that they
would strike it rich
The 49ers
• A year later the population of California had
exploded from 14,000 to over 100,000 people,
these people were called “49ers”,
Ch 7, Section 3 –The Great Plains and
Southwest
• The Migration of Spaniards from central
Mexico and settlers the United States in the
Great Plains, California, and the Rio Grande
Valley led to economic and political changes.
Ch 7, Section 3 – Plains Indians
• The Impact of the Horse
Unknown?
New Nations and New Settlers
By Will Woodward
• Many of the nomads on the great plains
were newcomers, making them very
vulnerable to native American attacks.
• The Crow tribe was the long dominate
tribe of the plains but the native Americans
that were kicked out of the east
(Cheyenne, Sioux, Comanche and the
Blackfeet) all moved to the plains
The plains and means of travel!
The Decline of Villages
• Villages started to decline because of the
introduction of the horse. This allowed people to
become vastly nomadic.
• With this new nomadic behavior there were
major land disputes and the Indian wars started.
• The southern Native Americans were the
Comanche, Apache and Navajo. The Comanche
was the dominate tribe.
• The Sioux, Arapaho, and Cheyenne were the
tribes in the north. Instead of fighting they were
all in an alliance together.
Randomo pictures
Ch 7, Section 3 – Hispanic North
America
• Spanish Colonies
Jeremy Cummings
Chapter 7, Section 3:
Hispanic North America
Spanish Colonies
Jeremy Cummings
Late 1600s/Early 1700s
• During this period of time
Spain was losing power of the
New Mexico area because of
constant fighting with Native
American tribes
• The settlements in the New
Mexico became few and far
between, forcing the Spanish
to move into the Texas region
along the Rio Grande River
• During this period of time
Spain was also threatened by
opposition from other
European nations trying to
gain control of the same
territory
Jeremy Cummings
Mid 1700s
• Spain wanted more North
American territory, sought
control of the area which is
now California because they
feared Britain or Russia would
take over the area
• The Spanish created a
number of missions and
presidos (forts) along the
coast; 21 in all
• The missionaries tried to
convert many of the natives to
Christianity
• These California settlements
grew while the settlements in
New Mexico and Texas did
not see much growth
Jeremy Cummings
Late 1700s
• The settlements in California
owed much of their success to
Indian labor; the Indians were
treated and many rebelled or
abandoned the settlements
(Indian populations
decreased by about 50%)
• In the late 1700s the
settlements in New Mexico
began to grow
• Indian attacks on the frontier
did not allow for the
settlement vast farmlands like
in that of the other colonies,
so people began to move
closer together and form big
cities (Albuquerque)
Chapter 7 Section 3
Hispanic North America
Effects of Mexican Independence
By: Alexis Latona
• Mexico won it’s independence from Spain
in 1821
• Greater Democracy
• Men were now free to elect representatives
to the new government in Mexico City
• Granted land rights to hundreds of wealthy,
influential citizens
– widened the gap between the between rich
and poor in Mexico’s northern territories
• Caravans of wagons traveled regularly
along the Santa Fe trail
• American fur traders and merchants took
advantage of economic openings
• Mexican government loosened the rules
affecting trade with American merchants
– Stronger commercial ties encouraged some
Americans to settle in northern Mexico
Mexico
People
Miguel Hidalgo
•Priest that triggered a
rebellion that spread
throughout southern Mexico
Agustin De Iturbide
•A respected army officer
that joined forces with
rebels, resulting in a quick
victory
Ch 7, Section 3 – Texas Fights for Independence
The start of the Colony by 7488
• American settlers
migrated to Texas
in 1822.
• The colony was led
by Stephen Austin.
• The colony mostly consisted of Ohio farmers.
Continued
• Texas had good soil for growing cotton.
• In 1825 there was 1,800 immigrants in the
colony.
• By 1830 there was 7,000 immigrants in the
colony.
Ch 7-3 Texas Fights for
Independence By: Conner
• 1822
• Problems arise
– Many immigrants lived in
Stephen Austin’s colony in
Texas
– A lot of these immigrants
were farmers who found
fertile land to grow cotton.
Texas Independence continued
• By 1830, the amount of Americans in Texas was
almost double the Mexican population
• Mexico passed a law prohibiting further
American Settlement as well as importation of
slaves.
• Americans continued to cross the border,
bringing their slaves with them.
• Five years later the American population was at
35,000
War Begins
• Americans pushed for independence, fighting for
the same rights they were granted in the United
States.
• General Antonio López de Santa Anna became
dictator.
• American and Mexican Settlers strived for selfgovernment.
• This eventually led to the
Texas War for Independence in October
of 1835.
Battle of the Alamo
By Bailey Randolph
• The Alamo was a ruined Spanish
mission in San Antonio converted
into a fortress.
• Battle was between the vastly larger
Mexican troops (Santa Anna was the
leader) and the Texans.
• Texan leaders included William
Travis, James Bowie, and the
legendary frontiersman Davy
Crockett.
Battle of the Alamo
• Santa Anna’s forces
seemed more likely to
win but the Texans
surprised the over
confident troops on
April 21.
• Texan’s captured Santa
Anna on May 14 and
forced him to sign the
Treaty of Valasco,
recognizing the
Republic of Texas
Texas War Of Independence – Outcomes
By Ben Hohman
•The Alamo: When a group of 200
Texans fought a larger Mexican force in a
battle that lasted 13 days.
•Treaty of Velasco: Treaty which
recognized The Republic of Texas.
Outcomes: Continued
• Citizens of Texas later elected Sam Houstan as
their president and drafted a constitution that
modeled the U.S Constitution.