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THIRD EDITION HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH Dee Unglaub Silverthorn, Ph.D. Chapter 3, part A Cells and Tissues PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Dr. Howard D. Booth, Professor of Biology, Eastern Michigan University Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings About this Chapter • Cell structure and types • Cell differentiation • Compartmentalization • Mechanical properties and cell functions • Cell junctions • Tissue types and characteristics Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Overview: Cells to Organ Systems Figure 3-4a-c: Anatomy Summary: Levels of Organization—System to Cell Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Overview: Cells to Organ Systems Figure 3-4d, e: Anatomy Summary: Levels of Organization—System to Cell Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Cell Membrane • Barrier from • Outside • ECF • Cell gateway • Cell structure • Phospholipid bilayer Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Cell Membrane Figure 3-5: The cell membrane Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Cell Cytoplasm • Cytosol • Organelles • Inclusion • Dissolved • Insoluble Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Figure 3-3: A map for the study of cell structure Nonmenbranous Organelles • Ribosomes • Free • Fixed • Protein synthesis • Vaults Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Nonmenbranous Organelles Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Figure 3-6: Ribosomes are nonmembranous organelles composed of RNA and protein Cytoskeleton • Strength • Support • Shape • Transport • Cell to cell links • Protein fibers • Microfilaments • Intermediate • Microtubules Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Cytoskeleton Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Figure 3-7: The cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic protein fibers Centrosomes and Centrioles • Centrosomes organize microtubules • Centrioles: bundles of microtubules • Pull chromosomes, form core in cilia Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Figure 3-8a,c: Centrioles, cilia, and flagella Cilia and Flagella • Motor proteins • 2:9 microtubule pattern • Cilia move fluids • Flagella move sperm cell Figure 3-8c, d: Centrioles, cilia, and flagella Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Membranous Organelles: Create cell compartments • Internal lumen and membranes for protected reactions • Mitochondria: Generates cell energy (ATP) , have DNA Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings Figure 3-9: Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ad Ribosomes • Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis & conversion • Rough ER: Ribosomes, protein assembly & transport vesicles Figure 3-10: The endoplasmic reticulum Copyright Copyright©©2004 2004Pearson PearsonEducation, Education,Inc., Inc.,publishing publishingas asBenjamin BenjaminCummings Cummings
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