Download 1st Semester Review Chemistry I Chapter 1: The Science of

1st Semester Review
Chemistry I
Chapter 1: The Science of Chemistry
Suggested Review Problems - #35, 46, 47, 52, 53, 54, 57, 73
1.1 What Chemistry is About
 Measurements & Units: Mass & weight; Volume; Density; Pressure

Accuracy & precision

Significant figures

Scientific notation

Dimensional analysis
1.2 Scientific Inquiry
 natural laws

inquiry

theory

hypothesis

experiment

variable

experimental variable

control variables

error

average

conclusion

significant difference

objective

repeatable

procedure

scientific method
1.3 Matter and Energy
 matter def
o phases of matter

energy def
o Law of Conservation of Energy
Chapter 2: Matter and Atoms
Suggested Review Problems - #32, 39, 44, 58, 64, 66, 67, 70-73, 75
2.1 Matter and the Elements
 substance vs. mixture
o element

physical properties & physical change

chemical properties & chemical change

Periodic Table

mole
o Avogadro's number
o calculations
2.2 Molecules and Compounds
 defs

chemical formula

molecular compound

ionic compound

formula mass
2.3 Mixtures and Solutions
 homogeneous vs. heterogeneous

solution
o solute
o solvent
o dissolved

concentration
o concentrated vs. dilute
o solubility
o molarity
o calculations


percent by mass

molarity
mixtures of gases
o molar volume
o STP
Chapter 3: Temperature, Energy and Heat
Suggested Review Problems - #37, 39, 43, 45, 48, 49, 64, 69, 70, 74, 76
3.1Temperature
 Brownian motion

temp def

temp scales

Absolute zero
3.2 Heat and Thermal Energy
 definitions heat =
thermal energy =

units – joule, calorie, BTU

Thermodynamics
o 2nd Law
o system – open or closed

1st Law

thermal equilibrium

specific heat – equation

Heat transfer – conductor vs. insulator
3.3 Phase Changes
 def

melting point, boiling point

heat of fusion, heat of vaporization

solving probs

evaporation and condensation
Chapter 4: Physical and Chemical Change
Suggested Review Problems - #39, 42, 45-47, 50, 56, 57, 59, 61, 70
4.1 Understanding Chemical Changes
 def

irreversible

interatomic forces vs intermolecular forces

chemical bonds
o covalent bond – molecule
o ionic bonds

enthalpy of formation

reactivity
4.2 Chemical Reactions
 chemical reaction

reactants & products

balance equation

coefficient

endothermic vs. exothermic
o activation energy
4.3 Chemical Reactions in the Lab
 symbols for states of matter

precipitate

salt
Chapter 5: The Structure of the Atom
Suggested Review Problems - #23, 28, 32, 38, 44, 46, 47, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59
5.1 The Atom Has a Structure
 Historical development of atomic theory
o Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford

atom interior
o nucleus
o electron cloud
o properties of subatomic particles

atomic number, atomic mass
o isotope
o average atomic mass

ions
5.2 The Quantum Atom
 quantum theory
o quantum state
o 5 statements

waves & particles
o frequency
o wavelength
o photon
o Planck's constant
o relationship btwn frequency & wavelength, energy & frequency; wavelength & energy

electrons as waves
o allowed wavelengths

orbitals

energy levels
o Pauli exclusion principle

Periodic Table & energy levels
5.3 Electron Configurations
 def

writing electron configurations
5.4 Light and Spectroscopy
 spectrum

spectrometer

electromagnetic spectrum

interactions between light and matter
o emission spectrum
o absorption spectrum
Ch 20: Radioactivity
Suggested Review Problems - #40, 45, 46, 54, 69
20.1 Nuclear Equations
 atomic number (Z)

mass number (A)

neutron number (N)

chemical reactions vs. nuclear reactions
20.2 Nuclear Reactions
 nuclear reactions-def

radioactivity-def

radiation

alpha decay
o alpha radiation = alpha particle
o parent nuclide
o daughter nuclide

beta decay
o beta radiation = beta particle

gamma decay

positron emission
o positron
Chapter 6: Elements and the Periodic Table
Suggested Review Problems - #14, 24, 25, 28, 29, 36, 38, 45, 46, 51, 52
6.1 The Periodic Table
 periodic properties

Mendeleev

atomic level periodic properties
o atomic radius
o electronegativity
o ionization energy

historical development

orbitals & atomic radius
6.2 Properties of Groups of Elements
 alkali metals

alkaline earth metals

transition metals

C, N & O

halogens

noble gases

why compounds form: filled vs. partially filled energy levels
6.3 Valence
 valence electrons

determining valence electrons

main group elements

Lewis dot diagram