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Dimensions of Intercultural Nonverbal Communication Dimension One Extreme 1. CONTEXT1 Core Value Nonverbal Traits Low Context High Context Freedom of speech, directness Silence, indirectness Literal meaning, specific Information in the physical context, details, precise time schedules or internalized in the person Swiss, German, North American. China, Japan, Korea Typical Cultures 2. IDENTITY2 Core Value Nonverbal Traits Typical Cultures Individualism Collectivism Individual freedom Group harmony Proximally distant, different Proximally close, coordinated schedules, expressive of facial expressions and body emotions movements U. S., Australia, Great Britain. Venezuela, Colombia, Pakistan 3. POWER DISTANCE3 Low Power Distance Core Value People’s equality Nonverbal Traits Located at high latitudes, more tactile, relaxing and clear vocalic cues Typical Cultures Austria, Israel, Denmark 4. GENDER4 Core Value Nonverbal Traits Typical Cultures 5. UNCERTAINTY5 Core Value Nonverbal Traits Typical Cultures 6. IMMEDIACY6 Core Value Nonverbal Traits Typical Cultures The Other Extreme High Power Distance Respect for status Located near the equator, untouchable, regulated nonverbal displays Philippines, Mexico, Venezuela Femininity Masculinity Caring for others Material success Relaxed and coordinated High level of stress, loud, vocal patterns, nurturing aggressive Sweden, Norway, Netherlands. Japan, Austria, Venezuela Uncertainty Avoidance Certainty, what is different is dangerous More emotional displays, higher level of anxiety Greece, Portugal, Belgium Uncertainty Tolerance Exploration, what is different causes curiosity More positive and friendly to strangers Singapore, Denmark, Sweden Low Contact Certainty, what is different is dangerous Located in cooler climates, stand apart and touch less, stay “cool” Japan, China, Korea High Contact Exploration, what is different causes curiosity Located in warmer countries nearer the equator, stand closer together and touch more, expressive North Africa, France, Brazil p. 2 1. CONTEXT1 The degree to which communication is explicit and verbal or implicit and nonverbal. 2. IDENTITY2 The degree that society reinforces individual or collective achievement and interpersonal relationships. 3. POWER DISTANCE3 The degree of equality or inequality between people in the country or society. 4. GENDER4 The degree of traditional gender role of achievement, control, and power. 5. UNCERTAINTY5 The degree of avoidance or tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within the society. 6. IMMEDIACY6 The degree of closeness, intimacy, and availability for communication. Andersen, Peter A. & Wang, Hua (2009). Beyond Language: Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures. In Larry A. Samovar, Richard E. Porter, Edwin R. McDaniel (Eds.), Intercultural Communication: A Reader (12th Edition). Boston: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, pp. 264-281. Summary Compilation by Ron Compton Intercultural Communication McHenry County College