Download Cell Type in Skin

Topic Report
Skin Cell
Reporter: 謝宗勳
Advisor: 黃升龍
2012/03/22
Outline
• Cell Type in Skin
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Keratinocyte
SCC
BCC
Melanoma
Melanocyte
Fibroblast
• Cell Line
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HaCaT
A431
BCC-1/KMC
A2058
A-375
Hs68
• Summary
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Cell Type in Skin
• The skin has 2 main layers:
– Epidermis,表皮 (upper or outer layer)
– Dermis,真皮 (lower or inner layer)
• Type of cell line we have:
– Epidermis
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Keratinocyte
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Melanocyte
– Dermis
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Fibroblast
• There are 3 types of skin cancer:
– Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
– Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)
– Melanoma
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Malignancy (惡性)
• Malignancy in cancers is characterized by anaplasia (逆
行性生長), invasiveness, and metastasis (遠端轉移).
– Anaplasia, NC ratio is 1:1
– Normal cell, NC ratio is 1:4 or 1:6
Melanoma
Nonmelanoma
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Keratinocyte (角質細胞)
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Keratinocyte is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost
layer of the skin, constituting 95% of the cells found there.
角質層
透明層
顆粒層
[Ca+] 
[Ca+] 
棘層
基底層
[Ca+] 
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Function of Keratinocyte
Corneocytes: have flattened out and are composed mainly of keratin protein
responsible for maintaining the integrity and hydration of the skin
Reduce friction and shear forces between the stratum corneum
and stratum granulosum
1. lost their nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles
2. keratin proteins and water-proofing lipids are being
produced and organized
Basal keratinocytes
responsible for renewing epidermal cells
Prickle cell
synthesize keratin
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Squamous Cancer Cell (鱗癌細胞)
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Begins in squamous cells. (Squamous cells are
found in the tissue that forms the surface of the
skin)
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The second most common type of skin cancer.
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Nonmelanoma skin cancer.
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All SCC lesions are thought to begin via the
repeated, uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells
(CSC).
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Basal Cell Carcinoma (皮膚基底細胞癌)
• BCC arises in cells called basal keratinocytes
in the deepest layer of the epidermis, hair
follicles, and sweat ducts.
• The most common type of skin cancer.
• Nonmelanoma skin cancer.
• Most BCCs occur on skin that is regularly
exposed to sunlight or other ultraviolet
radiation.
• The only way to diagnose BCC is to biopsy
suspicious looking lesions.
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Melanocytes (黑色素細胞)
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Melanocytes originate in the neural crest and migrate to the layer of basal
cells at the deepest part of the epidermis and the hair matrices during
embryogenesis. (Melanoblast)
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A cell in the skin and eyes that produces and contains the pigment called
melanin (黑色素). (Melanogenesis)
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Melanoma (黑色素細胞癌)
• Abnormal melanocytes are in the epidermis. These abnormal
melanocytes may become cancer and spread into nearby normal
tissue.
• Melanoma is more aggressive than BCC or SCC.
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Fibroblast (纖維母細胞)
• The dermis is composed of three major types of cells: Fibroblasts,
Macrophages, and Adipocytes.
• Synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen.
• Plays a critical role in wound healing.
• Fibroblasts are the most common cells of connective tissue in
animals.
• The suffix "blast" is used in cellular biology to denote a stem cell or a
cell in an activated state of metabolism.
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Keratinocyte
HaCaT
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From the distant periphery of a melanoma located on the upper half of the
back (not extensively sun-exposed) of a 62-yr-old male patient.
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HaCaT is the first permanent epithelial cell line from adult human skin that
exhibits normal differentiation and provides a promising tool for studying
regulation of keratinization in human cells.
– Maintains full epidermal differentiation capacity.
•
Named HaCaT to indicate the origin and initial growth conditions.
 Petra Boukamp et al. The Journal of Cell Biology, Volume of 106, March
1988
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Squamous Cancer Cell
A431
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The A431 cell line was derived from an 85-year-old female with epidermal
carcinoma by D.J. Giard, et al.
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One of the fastest growing malignant tumors
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The cells carry large numbers of EGF binding sites and is an indicator cell
for anti-TGF binding.
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
BCC-1/KMC
• Derived from the undifferentiated type of facial BCC tumor on the
thermal traumatic scar
• This immortalized and tumorigenic cell line expresses epithelial
markers of keratin filaments and desmosomes.
 Lien-Chai Chiang, et al. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 10: 170-176 1994
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Melanoma
A2058
• Established from a lymph node metastasis removed from a 43-yearold male Caucasian with malignant melanoma.
• The cells are highly invasive and provide a source of cellular
invasion associated proteins (such as the 72000 dalton type IV
collagenase).
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Melanoma
A-375
• Derived from a 54-year-old female with malignant melanoma.
• The line produced rapidly growing subcutaneous tumors resembling
amelanotic melanomas in antithymocyte, serum-treated NIH Swiss
mice and formed colonies on normal fibroblast and in agar.
• Karyology: hypotriploid with a modal number of 62 chromosomes.
200X Image
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Fibroblast
Hs68
• The cell line was obtained from an apparently normal Caucasian
newborn male.
• This cell line has an unusually low level of the enzyme
aspartoacylase.
• Dr. Johnson pointed out that individuals exhibiting a deficiency in
aspartoacylase suffer from Canavan disease (腦白質海綿狀變性).
• Canavan disease is a devastating, autosomal recessive disorder
involving spongy degeneration of the nervous system.
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Summary
Name
Species
Age Stage, Gender,
Strain Ethnicity
Organ
Cell Type or Disease
HaCaT
Homo sapiens
(human)
62 years, male,
Caucasian
Skin
Keratinocyte;
Periphery of a melanoma
A-375
Homo sapiens
(human)
54 years, female
Skin
Malignant melanoma
A2058
Homo sapiens
(human)
43 years, male,
Caucasian
Skin
Melanoma;
from metastatic site, lymph node
A-431
Homo sapiens
(human)
85 years, female
Skin;
Epidermis
Epidermoid carcinoma
Hs68
Homo sapiens
(human)
Newborn, male,
Caucasian
Skin; foreskin
Fibroblast;
aspartoacylase deficiency;
possible Canavan disease
BCC
Homo sapiens
(human)
65 years, female,
Chinese
Facial skin
Nonmelanoma skin cancer; basal
cell carcinoma
M4
Melanoblast
M5
Melanoblast
3T3
Mice
Fibroblast
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Reference
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HaCaT
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A2058
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BCRC:https://www.bcrc.firdi.org.tw/BSAS_cart/controller?event=SEARCH&bcrc_no=60039&type_id=4&keyword=A;;3
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ATCC:http://www.atcc.org/ATCCAdvancedCatalogSearch/ProductDetails/tabid/452/Default.aspx?ATCCNum=CRL1619&Template=cellBiology
http://bioinformatics.istge.it/cldb/cl199.html
http://bioinformatics.istge.it/cldb/cl198.html
A-431
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BCRC:
https://www.bcrc.firdi.org.tw/BSAS_cart/controller?event=SEARCH&bcrc_no=60240&type_id=4&keyword=A;;2058
ATCC: http://www.atcc.org/ATCCAdvancedCatalogSearch/ProductDetails/tabid/452/Default.aspx?ATCCNum=CRL11147&Template=cellBiology#aProp47ee8
http://bioinformatics.istge.it/cldb/cl190.html
http://bioinformatics.istge.it/cldb/cl7207.html
A-375
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http://www.cell-lines-service.de/content/e143/e1779/e1298/index_ger.html
normal keratinization in a spontaneously immortalized aneuploid human keratinocyte cell line
http://www.atcc.org/ATCCAdvancedCatalogSearch/ProductDetails/tabid/452/Default.aspx?ATCCNum=CRL1555&Template=cellBiology
https://www.bcrc.firdi.org.tw/BSAS_cart/controller?event=SEARCH&bcrc_no=60161&type_id=4&keyword=A;;431
Hs68
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ATCC:http://www.atcc.org/ATCCAdvancedCatalogSearch/ProductDetails/tabid/452/Default.aspx?ATCCNum=CRL1635&Template=cellBiology
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