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Download the genetic code - Orange Coast College
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9 10 11 12 The Genetic Code Codon UUU UUC UUA UUG UCU UCC UCA UCG UAU UAC UAA UAG UGU UGC UGA UGG CUU CUC CUA CUG CCU CCC CCA CCG CAU CAC CAA CAG CGU CGC CGA CGG Anticodon AAA AAG AAU AA AGA AGG AGU AGC AUA AUG AUU AUC ACA ACG ACU ACC GAA GAG GAU GAC GGA GGG GGU GGC GUA GUG GUU GUC GCA GCG GCU GCC Amino Acid phenylalanine phenylalanine leucine leucine serine serine serine serine tyrosine tyrosine stop stop cysteine cysteine stop tryptophan leucine leucine leucine leucine proline proline proline proline histidine histidine glutamine glutamine arginine arginine arginine arginine Abbrev. phe phe leu leu ser ser ser ser tyr tyr cys cys trp leu leu leu leu pro pro pro pro his his gln gln arg arg arg arg Codon AUU AUC AUA AUG ACU ACC ACA ACG AAU AAC AAA AAG AGU AGC AGA AGG GUU GUC GUA GUG GCU GCC GCA GCG GAU GAC GAA GAG GGU GGC GGA GGG 13 Anticodon UAA UAG UAU UA UGA UGG UGU UGC UUA UUG UUU UUC UCA UCG UCU UCC CAA CAG CAU CAC CGA CGG CGU CGC CUA CUG CUU CUC CCA CCG CCU CCC Amino Acid isoleucine isoleucine isoleucine Methionine (start) threonine threonine threonine threonine asparagine asparagine lysine lysine serine serine arginine arginine valine valine valine valine alanine alanine alanine alanine aspartic acid aspartic acid glutamic acid glutamic acid glycine glycine glycine glycine Abbrev. ile ile ile met thr thr thr thr asn asn lys lys ser ser arg arg val val val val ala ala ala ala asp asp glu glu gly gly gly gly The first step in the process of gene expression is transcription. In this step, DNA is used as the template for synthesis of RNA (mRNA). Base pairing between one strand of DNA and RNA bases, following the rules of complimentary base pairing, defines the base sequence of mRNA. The enzyme RNA polymerase is required for mRNA synthesis. In the next step, known as translation, mRNA bases pair with transfer RNA molecules (tRNA). Each mRNA contains many 3-base units called codons; each tRNA has a unique 3-base unit called an anticodon. Each tRNA carries a particular amino acid. As the tRNAs line up along the mRNA in the order defined by codon/anticodon recognition, they define the sequence of amino acids in the protein. The amino acids detach from their tRNAs and link together via dehydration synthesis to form a protein. A string of amino acids makes up a protein, and proteins give organisms their distinguishing characteristics.
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