Download Skeletal System Part 2

Anatomy and
Physiology
Skeletal
System – Part 2
Divisions of the
Skeleton
206 Total Bones
Axial Skeleton (80)
Appendicular Skeleton
(126)
Axial Skeleton
Divided into:
•  Skull (8), Face (14) &
Middle Ear (6)
•  Vertebral Column (26)
•  Bony Thorax (25)
•  Hyoid Bone (1)
Bones of
the Skull
(Cranial
Bones)
Frontal
(1)
Parietal
(2)
Temporal
(2)
Occipital
(1)
Sphenoid
(1)
Ethmoid
(1)
Bones of
the Skull
(Cranial
Bones)
Frontal
(1)
Parietal
(2)
Temporal
(2)
Occipital
(1)
Sphenoid
(1)
Ethmoid
(1)
Bones of
the Skull
(Cranial
Bones)
Frontal
(1)
Parietal
(2)
Temporal
(2)
Occipital
(1)
Sphenoid
(1)
Ethmoid
(1)
Better View
of Sphenoid
Bone
More
Sphenoid
Bone
Better View of Ethmoid Bone
More Ethmoid Bone
Bones of
the Skull
Some of the skull
bones (frontal,
sphenoid &
ethmoid) have
sinuses (spaces)
inside of them.
They are usually called paranasal sinuses, as their
content drain into the nasal cavity. Sinuses
become problematic with the mucous membranes
that line them become inflamed, swollen and
painful.
Paranasal Sinuses
There is also a pair of paranasal sinuses in the
maxilla bones (maxillary sinuses)
Bones of
the Skull
The skull bones
are held together
by SUTURES.
Coronal
b/w frontal & parietal bones
Squamous
b/w parietal & temporal bones
Lambdoidal
b/w occipital & and parietal bones
Sagittal
b/w parietal bones
Bones of
the Skull
The skull bones
are held together
by SUTURES.
Coronal
b/w frontal & parietal bones
Squamous
b/w parietal & temporal bones
Lambdoidal
b/w occipital & and parietal bones
Sagittal
b/w parietal bones
Facial
Bones
Nasal
(2)
Maxilla
(2)
Zygomatic
(2)
Mandible
(1)
Palatine
(2)
Lacrimal
(2)
Inferior Nasal
Concha
(2)
Vomer
(1)
Ear
Ossicles
Malleus
(2)
Hammer
Incus
(2)
Anvil
Stapes
(2)
Stirrup
Vertebral (Spinal) Column
7 CERVICAL, 12 THORACIC, 5 LUMBAR, 1 SACRUM, 1 COCCYX
SEE TABLE
6-3, pg 134
Vertebral
Column
Bones are usually
numbered:
•  C1-C7
•  T1-T12
•  L1-L5
•  S1-S5
•  Co1-Co3 (or Co4 or Co5)
Vertebral
Column
4 natural curvatures:
Primary (concave) curvatures
•  Thoracic
•  Pelvic
Secondary (convex)
curvatures
•  Cervical
•  Lumbar
Abnormal
Curvatures
Vertebral
Column
Vertebral column openings:
•  Vertebral Foramen
•  Intervertebral Foramen
Vertebrae
Vertebral
Column
C1
ATLAS
C2
AXIS
Intervertebral
Discs
Annulus Fibrosus
Nucleus Pulposus
Bony Thorax
12 Pairs of
Ribs (24)
14 true ribs
10 false ribs
1 sternum;
consists of
manubrium
body
xiphoid
process
Costal cartilage attaches ribs to sternum (except 11th & 12th pairs)
Bony Thorax
Hyoid Bone
Very deep
bone where
some of the
neck muscles
attach
More
Hyoid
Bone
Appendicular
Skeleton
Divided into:
•  Upper Extremities (64)
•  Lower Extremities (62)
Upper
Extremities
FOUR MAIN DIVISIONS
Bones of Shoulder Girdle
Bones of the Arm
Bones of the Forearm
Bones of the Wrists,
Hands & Fingers
Shoulder Girdle
Clavicle
(2)
Scapula
(2)
Shoulder Girdle
Clavicle
(2)
Scapula
(2)
Arm
Humerus (2)
Forearm
Radius
(2)
Ulna
(2)
These bones
form the elbow
joint.
Hands, Wrists & Fingers
Carpal
Bones (16)
Metacarpal
Bones (10)
Phalanges
(28)
Lower
Extremities
FOUR MAIN DIVISIONS
Bones of Pelvic Girdle
Bones of the Thigh
Bones of the Leg
Bones of the Ankles,
Feet & Toes
Pelvic Girdle
Coxal Bones
(2)
Each coxal
bones is a
set of 3
fused
bones:
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Thigh
Femur
(2)
Leg
Tibia
(2)
Fibula
(2)
These bones
form the knee
joint, along with
the patella (2).
Ankles, Feet
& Toes
Tarsal Bones (14)
Metatarsal Bones
(10)
Phalanges (28)
Arches of the Foot
Male vs.
Female
Pelvis
Pelvic Inlet
Pelvic Outlet
Pubic Angle
Joints (Articulations)
Fibrous Joints
Cartilagenous Joints
Synovial Joints
Held together by
ligaments
Filled with
synovial fluid
Bones glide along
articular cartilage
Joints by Function
Synarthrotic Joint
Amphiarthrotic Joint
Joints (Articulations)
Diarthrotic Joints
Types of Joint Movements
Flexion vs. Extension vs. Hyperextension
Abduction vs. Adduction
Pronation vs. Supination
Medial Rotation vs. Lateral Rotation
Circumduction
ANY QUESTIONS ?