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Which of the following is a characteristic typical of
folding in sedimentary rock layers?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Upfolds (A) are called synclines
Symmetrical folds are called monoclines
Downfolds (U) are called synclines
Over turned folds have no trough
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a characteristic typical of
folding in sedimentary rock layers?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Upfolds (A) are called synclines
Symmetrical folds are called monoclines
Downfolds (U) are called synclines
Over turned folds have no trough
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The two most abundant elements in the Earth’s
crust are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Iron and Nickel
Sodium and Chlorine
Methane and Hydrogen
Silicon and Oxygen
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The two most abundant elements in the Earth’s
crust are:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Iron and Nickel
Sodium and Chlorine
Methane and Hydrogen
Silicon and Oxygen
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Igneous rocks are classified by texture and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Composition
Hardness
Source
Shape
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Igneous rocks are classified by texture and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Composition
Hardness
Source
Shape
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.
Crystal size in igneous rocks is determined by
a)
b)
c)
d)
Composition
Grain size
Rates at which magma cools
Source
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.
Crystal size in igneous rocks is determined by
a)
b)
c)
d)
Composition
Grain size
Rates at which magma cools
Source
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Folds are an example of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Shear deformation
Brittle deformation
Elastic deformation
Ductile deformation
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Folds are an example of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Shear deformation
Brittle deformation
Elastic deformation
Ductile deformation
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In a(an)__________fault, the hanging wall block
moves UP, at a steep angle, with respect to the
footwall block.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Strike slip
Reverse
Normal
Thrust
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
In a(an)__________fault, the hanging wall block
moves UP, at a steep angle, with respect to the
footwall block.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Strike slip
Reverse
Normal
Thrust
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Orogenesis refers to those processes that produce
a)
b)
c)
d)
Spreading centers
Earthquakes
Mountains
Subduction zones
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Orogenesis refers to those processes that produce
a)
b)
c)
d)
Spreading centers
Earthquakes
Mountains
Subduction zones
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The name of the first supercontinent is
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pangea
Laurasia
Gondwana
Rodinia
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The name of the first supercontinent is
a)
b)
c)
d)
Pangea
Laurasia
Gondwana
Rodinia
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Cyanobacteria were photosynthetic organisms that
released ______________ into the atmosphere.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Carbon dioxide
Sulfuric acid
Nitrogen
Oxygen
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Cyanobacteria were photosynthetic organisms that
released ______________ into the atmosphere.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Carbon dioxide
Sulfuric acid
Nitrogen
Oxygen
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Cyanobacteria belong to a group of simple singlecelled organisms called
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ediacara
Chromosomes
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
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Cyanobacteria belong to a group of simple singlecelled organisms called
a)
b)
c)
d)
Ediacara
Chromosomes
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
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The major types of faults are normal faults, reverse
faults, thrust faults and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Transition faults
Deformation faults
Strike-slip faults
Stress faults
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The major types of faults are normal faults, reverse
faults, thrust faults and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Transition faults
Deformation faults
Strike-slip faults
Stress faults
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Types of mountains associated with divergent
plate boundaries are
a)
b)
c)
d)
Folded mountains
Fault-block mountains
Hot spots
Accretion wedges
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Types of mountains associated with divergent
plate boundaries are
a)
b)
c)
d)
Folded mountains
Fault-block mountains
Hot spots
Accretion wedges
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Types of mountains associated with convergent
plate boundaries are folded mountains and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fault-block mountains
Hot spots
Mid-ocean ridges
Volcanic mountains
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Types of mountains associated with convergent
plate boundaries are folded mountains and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Fault-block mountains
Hot spots
Mid-ocean ridges
Volcanic mountains
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Which of the major events occurred during the
Proterozoic eon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Formation of the crust
First supercontinent
Extinction of the dinosaurs
Breakup of Pangea
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the major events occurred during the
Proterozoic eon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Formation of the crust
First supercontinent
Extinction of the dinosaurs
Breakup of Pangea
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Plate tectonics, as we know it, did not exist
during the Archean because
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Earth was too hot
There was no available oxygen
There were no continents
Seafloor spreading was accelerated
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Plate tectonics, as we know it, did not exist
during the Archean because
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Earth was too hot
There was no available oxygen
There were no continents
Seafloor spreading was accelerated
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Formation of an igneous rock is powered by
energy from
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Rock Cycle
The sun
Erosion
Heat from the Earth’s interior
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Formation of an igneous rock is powered by
energy from
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Rock Cycle
The sun
Erosion
Heat from the Earth’s interior
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fine-grained igneous rocks form as a result of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Deep within the Earth
As the result of slow cooling
As the result of fast cooling
Is usually intrusive
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fine-grained igneous rocks form as a result of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Deep within the Earth
As the result of slow cooling
As the result of fast cooling
Is usually intrusive
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Magma with the highest viscosity will have
a)
b)
c)
d)
High silica content
Low silica content
Highest temperatures
High amounts of mafic minerals
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Magma with the highest viscosity will have
a)
b)
c)
d)
High silica content
Low silica content
Highest temperatures
High amounts of mafic minerals
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The texture of an igneous rock is based on
a)
b)
c)
d)
Color
Composition
The way it cooled
None of the above
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The texture of an igneous rock is based on
a)
b)
c)
d)
Color
Composition
The way it cooled
None of the above
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Deformation is a general term that refers to all
changes in the original ____ of a rock
a)
b)
c)
d)
Shape and size
Composition
Direction
Texture
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Deformation is a general term that refers to all
changes in the original ____ of a rock
a)
b)
c)
d)
Shape and size
Composition
Direction
Texture
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The collision and joining of crustal fragments to
a continent is called
a)
b)
c)
d)
Subduction
Isostasy
Destruction
Accretion
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The collision and joining of crustal fragments to
a continent is called
a)
b)
c)
d)
Subduction
Isostasy
Destruction
Accretion
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Fractures in the Earth’s crust along which
movement has occurred are called
a)
b)
c)
d)
Joints
Fractures
Fissures
Faults
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Fractures in the Earth’s crust along which
movement has occurred are called
a)
b)
c)
d)
Joints
Fractures
Fissures
Faults
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The concept that Earth’s lithosphere is floating
in gravitational balance upon the material of the
mantle (asthenosphere) is the Principle of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Relativity
Isostasy
Superposition
Plate tectonics
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The concept that Earth’s lithosphere is floating
in gravitational balance upon the material of the
mantle (asthenosphere) is the Principle of
a)
b)
c)
d)
Relativity
Isostasy
Superposition
Plate tectonics
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which option shows the correct order of
processes in the formation of sedimentary
rock?
a) erosion, weathering, deposition, cementation,
compaction
b) weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction,
cementation
c) deposition, weathering, erosion, compaction,
cementation
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which option shows the correct order of
processes in the formation of sedimentary
rock?
a) erosion, weathering, deposition, cementation,
compaction
b) weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction,
cementation
c) deposition, weathering, erosion, compaction,
cementation
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sedimentary rocks are classified according to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
the way they are formed
where they are formed.
when they were formed.
the color of the formation.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sedimentary rocks are classified according to:
a)
b)
c)
d)
the way they are formed
where they are formed.
when they were formed.
the color of the formation.
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The two main groups of sedimentary rocks are
chemical and _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Clastic
Foliated
Nonfoliated
intrusive
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The two main groups of sedimentary rocks are
chemical and _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Clastic
Foliated
Nonfoliated
intrusive
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The most common minerals in a clastic
sedimentary rock are quartz and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Feldspar
Clay
Mica
Amphibolite
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The most common minerals in a clastic
sedimentary rock are quartz and
a)
b)
c)
d)
Feldspar
Clay
Mica
Amphibolite
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Carbon dioxide dissolved in water forms
__________________.
a) hydrochloric acid
b) sulfuric acid
c) alkaline
d) carbonic acid
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Carbon dioxide dissolved in water forms
__________________.
a) hydrochloric acid
b) sulfuric acid
c) alkaline
d) carbonic acid
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Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed as a
result of _________.
a) dissolved substances precipitating out of water
b) suspended particles settling out of water
c) extreme heat and pressure
d) solidification of magma
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed as a
result of _________.
a) dissolved substances precipitating out of water
b) suspended particles settling out of water
c) extreme heat and pressure
d) solidification of magma
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Most metamorphic rocks are created as a result
of ____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
solidification of magma
heat and pressure deep within Earth’s mantle.
heat and pressure a few km below Earth’s surface
compaction and cementation.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Most metamorphic rocks are created as a result
of ____________.
a) solidification of magma
b) heat and pressure deep within Earth’s mantle.
c) heat and pressure a few km below Earth’s
surface
d) compaction and cementation.
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Metamorphism that occurs when magma forces
its way into rock is called ___
a)
b)
c)
d)
regional metamorphism
Foliation
contact metamorphism
hydrothermal metamorphism
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Metamorphism that occurs when magma forces
its way into rock is called ___
a)
b)
c)
d)
regional metamorphism
Foliation
contact metamorphism
hydrothermal metamorphism
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The most important agent of metamorphism is
___________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Heat
Pressure
Water
Hydrothermal solutions
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The most important agent of metamorphism is
___________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Heat
Pressure
Water
Hydrothermal solutions
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The breaking down and changing of rocks at or
near the Earth's surface is called____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
mass movement
sheet erosion
Weathering
uplift
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The breaking down and changing of rocks at or
near the Earth's surface is called____.
a)
b)
c)
d)
mass movement
sheet erosion
Weathering
uplift
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The most important agent of chemical
weathering is ________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Water
Wind
Carbon dioxide
Heat and pressure
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The most important agent of chemical
weathering is ________________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Water
Wind
Carbon dioxide
Heat and pressure
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The most abundant product of chemical
weathering of feldspar in granite is ______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Clay
Calcium carbonate
Iron oxide
mica
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The most abundant product of chemical
weathering of feldspar in granite is ______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Clay
Calcium carbonate
Iron oxide
mica
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Whenever the characteristics and chemical
composition of weathered materials have been
altered, they have undergone
_______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemical weathering
erosion
mechanical weathering
mass movement
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Whenever the characteristics and chemical
composition of weathered materials have been
altered, they have undergone
_______________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemical weathering
erosion
mechanical weathering
mass movement
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The process that occurs when physical forces
break rock into smaller pieces without changing
the rock’s chemical composition is called
__________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
differential weathering
mechanical weathering
erosion
chemical weathering
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
The process that occurs when physical forces
break rock into smaller pieces without changing
the rock’s chemical composition is called
__________________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
differential weathering
mechanical weathering
erosion
chemical weathering
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
26. Chemical weathering occurs most rapidly
in a ___________________ climate.
a)
b)
c)
d)
cold, dry
warm, wet
warm, dry
cold, wet
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26. Chemical weathering occurs most rapidly
in a ___________________ climate.
a)
b)
c)
d)
cold, dry
warm, wet
warm, dry
cold, wet
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Which of the events below did NOT happen
during the Paleozoic era?
a)
b)
c)
d)
An explosion of life
First soils developed
Many continental collisions
Oceans developed
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the events below did NOT happen
during the Paleozoic era?
a)
b)
c)
d)
An explosion of life
First soils developed
Many continental collisions
Oceans developed
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best describes regolith?
a) A soil that contains large amounts of iron oxide and
aluminum-rich clays.
b) A mixture of mineral matter, organic matter, water
and air.
c) A large pile of rock fragments at the base of a
steep cliff.
d) The layer of rock and mineral fragments that
covers nearly all of Earth’s land surface.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best describes regolith?
a) A soil that contains large amounts of iron oxide and
aluminum-rich clays.
b) A mixture of mineral matter, organic matter, water
and air.
c) A large pile of rock fragments at the base of a
steep cliff.
d) The layer of rock and mineral fragments that
covers nearly all of Earth’s land surface.
© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.