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Transcript 
Harvard Study
•  Introduction to Study
•  Understanding Protocol
•  Keying Out Specimens
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Harvard Forest Schoolyard Ecology
Buds, Leaves, and Global Warming
http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu (Research/LTER)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
LTER: Long Term Ecological Research
Program
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Phenology- study of periodic plant and animal life
cycle events and how these are influenced by
seasonal variations
eoearth.org
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Protocol
At least 10 trees (Mark
1-10)
Two branches (A/B) on
each tree at opposite ends
(if possible)
Fall Data- Size of leaf,
when leaves drop, color
change of leaf and tree
Spring Data- # of buds
open, closed, puffy ( bud
burst), leaf length
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Protocol
Continued
6 leaves (#1
closest to end on
left).
Do not count
terminals
Flags mark end
of counting zone
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
facultystaff.richmond.edu
Compound Vs Simple
Length X Width
www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Estimations
% Leaf/Tree NOT
green
mommybytes.com
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Data Sheet
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Using a Dichotomous Key
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Tree Finder Book- Keying Out Specimen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Global Warming Research Questions
•  What determines the global climate?
•  How is the global climate changing?
•  How does global climate change affect us?
•  Are human activities causing global climate change?
•  What is your impact on global climate change?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Global temperature patterns
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Changes in temperature patterns
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Source: Data from http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
Changes in precipitation patterns
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
(Left) Source: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States, available at www.globalchange.gov/usimpacts
(Right) Photo credit: Clem Murray/MCT/Newscom
Carbon dioxide
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
(Top) Photo credit: Daniel H. Bailey/Alamy
(Bottom) Source: http://climate.nasa.gov
What’s your impact?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Photo credits: (Top) John Casey/Fotolia,
(Right) Peter Widmann/Alamy,
(Bottom) picsfive/Fotolia, (Left) patleem/Fotolia
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