Download exer12

______________________
ATMS 103
CHAPTER 13: GLOBAL CLIMATE
NAME
EXERCISE 12
1. a) __________________ is the climate structure of the air space near the surface of the earth; i.e. the
small climatic region near, or, on the ground.
b) __________________ is the climate of an area ranging in size from a few acres to a few square
kilometers (Ex., a forest, valley, beach or town).
c) __________________ is the climate of a large area such as a state, country, continent or the entire
globe.
2. The factors that produce the climate in any given place are known as _____________ controls.
These controls are:
a) intensity of sunshine and its variation with latitude.
b) distribution of land and water
c) ______________________
d) ______________________
e) position of high- and low- pressure areas.
f) _______________________
g) _______________________
3. a) Average annual temperatures tend to increase/decrease (select one) from the equator toward the
poles.
b) Along the west coast of North and South America, ocean currents transport cool water toward the
equator/poles (select one).
4. The relatively warm temperatures in western Norway are due to the effects of the __________
_________ (name ocean current) and the North Atlantic Drift.
o
5. The normal (standard) temperature lapse rate in the lower atmosphere is ______ C per 1,000
o
meters, or _____ F per 1,000 feet. Note: See footnote on page 344.
6. a) The highest average annual temperatures occur in the _______________ ______________ of the
Northern Hemisphere associated with the subtropical cyclones/anticyclones (select one).
b) The lowest average annual temperatures occur in the ___________________ (name continent)
because ________ % of the energy reaching the earth's surface is reflected and most of the
unreflected energy is used to sublimate ice and snow.
. REVIEW FIGURE 13.2 for Questions 7, 8, & 9:
7. a) Polar front regions are near _____ o latitude in both hemispheres.
b) Subtropical high pressure regions are near ______ o latitude in both hemispheres.
8. a) The subtropical and polar region should be dry/wet (select one) because they are high pressure
regions featuring rising/sinking (select one) air.
b) The tropical regions near the ITCZ and polar front regions are dry/wet (select one) because they
feature rising/sinking (select one) air.
9. a) Wet regions are associated with converging/diverging (select one) and rising/sinking (select
one) air.
b) The dry regions are associated with converging/diverging (select one) and rising/sinking (select
one) air.
10. a) The sinking air associated with subtropical anticyclones is more strongly developed on their
eastern/western (select one) margins.
b) Cold ocean currents along the west coast of continents tend to make the lower atmosphere more
stable/unstable (select one). Note: Upwelling enhances the cold currents.
11. The Pacific and Bermuda-Azores high pressure systems move north/south (select one) in winter.
12. a) The lifting of air over a topographic barrier is known as ____________________ uplift.
b) The windward side of mountains tend to be dry/wet (select one) and the leeward side of
mountains tend to be dry/wet (select one).
EXER 12
2)
13. Rain shadows are located on the leeward/windward (select one) side of mountains.
14. a) The coastal deserts of the world are located near 0/30/60 (select one) degrees latitude and on the
eastern/western (select one) margins of continents.
b) The sinking air associated with subtropical anticyclones is more strongly developed on the
eastern/western (select one) side of the systems. Thus, the air is more stable and drier.
15. a) The cold upwelling water off the west coast of the United States cools the air and makes it more
stable/unstable (select one).
b) On the west side of subtropical high pressure systems, the air is stable/unstable (select one)
and moist resulting in a build up of cumuloform-type clouds.
16. The climate along the west coast of continents is characterized by dry/wet (select one) winters.
17. The middle of large continents are dry/wet (select one) in summer.
18. Deserts are associated with subtropical high pressure systems and/or on the leeward/windward
(select one) side of mountains.
19. East/West (select one) coasts of most continents tend to be hot and humid in the summer.
20. Winter/Summer (select one) is the dry season along the west coast of the United States and the
winter/summer (select one) is the dry season in the central United States.
21. See Precipitation Extremes on Page 348:
a) The U.S. location with the greatest annual rainfall is in __________________ (name state).
b) The U.S. location with the greatest annual snowfall is in _________________ (name state).
22. Dry climates prevail where potential evapotranspiration exceeds ____________________.
23. See Focus on a Special Topic on Page 360:
a) One of the driest places on earth is the ________________ desert of coastal Chile and Peru.
b) The development of fog and drizzle along the western coastal margins of continents is caused
by _________ ( the rising of cold ocean water from lower levels), which causes the air to be
chilled to the dew point.
24. a) Many of the middle latitude deserts (BWk) climates lie in the ______ _________ of extensive
mountain chains.
b) Along the west coasts of North and South America, the marine influence of the Cf climate is
restricted to a narrow belt because ___________ parallel the coast.
25. In Highland Climates, climatic changes experienced when climbing 1,000 feet in elevation are
equivalent to horizontal changes when traveling 300 kilometers or _________ miles northward.