Download Unit 1: the universe.

Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE.
Lesson summary
Vocabulary
Features of the Solar System and Earth
Planets
Seasons
Grammar
Content Objetives
Present Simple
Linking words: but
The lesson aims to help sutednts:
Prepositions: in, on, at, between.
Develop an understanding of where
Earth is located within the Solar System
in the Milky Way galaxy.
Comparative and Superlative
Learn the names of the planets of the
Solar System, and their positions in
relation to each other and the Sun.
Learn characteristics which make Earth
habitable for humans.
Develop an understandig of Earth´s
rotation on its axis, and how this gives
us daytime and night tiem.
Develop an understanding of Earth´s
orbit of the Sun, and how gives us
seasons.
Develop an understanding of eclipses.
1.- BRAIN STORMING
•
•
•
•
Where is our planet?
What is the Solar System?
Where is a galaxy?
What is a galaxy, star,...
Esteban Calvo Marín.
Jupiter is the biggest planets of our
Solar System.
Earth is smaller than...
The planet nearest the Sun is...
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Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
Work in pairs:
How much do you know about our Solar System?
1.
The Sun is a:
a)
Galaxy.
2.
The centre of the Sun is:
a)
Hotter than the
surface.
b)
Star.
c)
Planet.
b)
Colder than the
surface.
c)
The
temperature
surface.
b)
c)
Planet.
c)
10.
3.
Earth is a:
a)
Galaxy.
4.
The number of planets in our Solar System is:
a)
8.
b)
Star.
9.
same
as the
READING: THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
Our Solar System is in the Milky Way galaxy. The
Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. It is approximately
100.000 light years (ly) wide and up to 25.000 light
years thick. Earth is located on one arm of the
spiral.
The Milky Way has about 200 billion stars. Stars
are big balls of hydrogen and helium gas. The
nearest star to Earth is the Sun.
The Sun is very hot. The temperature of its surface
is about 5.500ºC. Its centre is about 15.000.000ºC! The Sun is at the centre of
our Solar System.
Our Solar System consists of eight planets. The planets nearest to the Sun are
Mercury, Venus, our planet Earth and Mars. These are called the inner planets.
They are small planets and they consist mainly of rock. The planets furthest
from the Sun are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These are called the
outer planets. They are big planets and they consist mainly of gas.
Each planet has its own satellites. They are objects which go around the
planets. The Moon is a satellite of Earth.
Esteban Calvo Marín.
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Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
Apart from the Sun and the planets, the Solar System also has asteroids. These
are fragments of rock which move between the inner and outer planets. We call
this area the asteroid belt.
ACTIVITIES:
1.
Read the text again. Write T for true or F for False. Correct the false
sentences.
a)
The
name
of
our
galaxy
is
the
Milky
Way.___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
b)
Earth
is
located
on
one
arm
of
the
Milky
Way
spiral.__________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
c)
Stars
are
big
balls
of
hydrogen
and
ice.____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
d)
The
inner
planets
are
Mercury,
Venus
Earth
and
Mars___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
e)
The
outer
planets
are
Jupiter,
Saturn,
Uranus
and
Mercury_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
f)
The
asteroid
belt
is
between
Earth
and
Mars___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Esteban Calvo Marín.
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Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
2.
Re- order the letters to label the pictures.
3.
Write a description of Solar System.
Our Solar System is the___________________. It has eight_______________
and
a
Su.
The________________
nearest
the
Sun
are_________________________________________________. The planets
have their own__________________. Between the inner planets and the outer
planets is the_______________________.
BUILD YOUR OWN GLOSSARY.
Area
Arm
Asteroid belt
Ball
Between
Billion
Call
Centre
Consists of
Fragment
Furthest
Esteban Calvo Marín.
Galaxy
Go around
Inner
Light year
Located
Mainly
Milky Way
Moon
Move
Nearest
Outer
Planet
Rock
Satellites
Solar System
Spiral
Star
Sun
Surface
Temperature
Thick
Wide
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Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
Work in pairs. Read and circle.
How much do you know about Earth?
a) Humans can only breathe on Earth
b) Humans can breathe on Earth and some planets
c) Humans can breathe on all planets
a) Earth never moves
b) Earth sometimes moves
c) Earth moves all the time
a) The Sun moves around Earth.
b) Earth moves around the Sun
c) Earth and the Sun don´t move
a) When it´s summer in Spain, it´s winter in Australia.
b) When it´s summer in Spain, it´s summer in Australia.
c) When it´s summer in Spain, it´s autumn in Australia.
READING. EARTH.
Our planet.
Our planet is called Earth. We can live on Earth because there is water and
oxygen. Earth is the only planet where we can breathe.
Daytime and night time.
Earth is always moving. It rotates on its axis. Its axis is an imaginary line
between the North Pole and the South Pole. The axis is tilted.
We have daytime and night time because Earth is rotating. It takes 24 hours to
make a complete rotation. When one half of Earth faces the Sun, the other half
doesn´t face the Sun. The half that faces the Sun has light so it´s daytime. The
half that doesn´t face the Sun
doesn´t have light so it´s night
time.
The seasons.
While Earth rotates on its axis, it
also moves around the Sun. It
takes 365 days for Earth to go all
the way around the Sun.
We have seasons because Earth
moves around the Sun.
Esteban Calvo Marín.
5
Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
Earth has two hemispheres. The northern hemisphere is north of the equator
and the southern hemisphere is south of the equator. We live in the northern
hemisphere. When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, we get lots of light
and the weather is hot. The days are long and the nights are short. It´s summer
for us, but it´s winter in the southern hemisphere.
When the North Pole is tilted away from the Sun, we don´t get much light and
the weather is cold. The days are short and the nights are long. It´s winter for
us, but it´s summer in the southern hemisphere.
ACTIVITIES.
1.- Read the text again. Match.
1.
There is water and oxygen
2.
Earth
3.
Earth moves
4.
Earth makes a complete
rotation in
5.
When it´s daytime on one half
of Earth,
6.
The northern hemisphere
7.
The southern hemisphere
8.
When it´s winter in the
southern hemisphere it´s summer
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
around the Sun.
is south of the equator.
24 hours.
Is north of the equator.
Rotates on its axis.
In the northern hemisphere.
It´s night time on the other.
On Earth.
2.- Complete the letters with the word in box.
Winter
hot
short
long
Madrid, Spain
20th July
Dear Ross,
How are you?
It´s________ here in Madrid. The
weather is_________. The days
are________, and the nights
are_____.
I love this time of year!
Pablo.
Esteban Calvo Marín.
summer
long
cold
short
Wellington, New Zealand.
30th July
Dear Pablo,
How are you?
It´s________ here in New Zealand.
The weather is_________. The
days are________, and the nights
are_____.
I love this time of year!
Ross.
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Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
Esteban Calvo Marín.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
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Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
BUILD YOUR OWN GLOSSARY.
Always
Away
Axis
Because
Breathe
Cold
Complete
Daytime
Equator
Face
Go around
Half
Hemisphere
Hot
Move
Night time
Northern hemisphere
North Pole
Oxygen
Planet
Rotate
Short
Sothern hemisphere
Summer
Tilted
Towards
Turn
Water
Winter
LISTENING.
http://fisquimed.wikispaces.com/2%C2%BA+ESO
Write T for true or F for false. Correct the false sentences.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
George loves the space rockets.
Grandpa Rabbit travelled in a really small rocket.
Grandpa Rabbit went to Mercury.
You can jump as high as a house in the Moon.
Grandpa Rabbit had got a serious case of fever.
ASSESSMENT.
1.- The average distance between Mars and the Sun is 228 million kilometers.
Convert this distance into astronomical units (AU).
2.- Are this sentences true or false. Correct the false ones.
a) Comets consist in hot gas.
b) Comets come from the Kuiper Belt.
c) A satellite is a natural object that orbits a planet.
d) In the nuclear fusion inside of stars, the helium particles break into hydrogen
particles.
e) Light year is a unit of time.
f) According to heliocentric theory, the Earth was at the center of the universe.
g) We always see the same face of the Moon from the Earth.
Esteban Calvo Marín.
8
Natural Sciences. 2nd ESO.
UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE
3.- During a eclipse:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The Moon is full.
The Moon is waning.
There is a new Moon.
The Moon is waxing.
The Moon can be in any phase.
4.- The diagrams bellow show three moments in the movement of our planet
around the Sun.
Which diagram represent the position of the Earth in June, in December and
March. What season is in Spain and Argentina in each one?
5.- The illustration bellow show a shadow cast by a girl in Spain at two different
times of day
Look at the pictures and answer the following questions:
a)
b)
Which one shows the morning? Explain your answer.
Which one shows the end of the day? Explain your answer.
Esteban Calvo Marín.
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