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Biodiversity databases and database
management systems for the world’s ocean:
experience and outputs from five
international projects
Sergey Piontkovski
Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook University, USA;
Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Sevastopol, Ukraine
[email protected]
and
Robert Williams
Plymouth Marine Laboratory,
UK
[email protected]
Global station network
• 163 cruises from 1957 to 1995
• 21975 oceanographical stations
Chlorophyll a and
mesozooplankton
measurements
60°
40°
Chorophyll, winter
Chlorophyll, summer
Zooplankton, winter
Zooplankton, summer
20°
Plankton Data
( World Ocean Database 1998)
0°
-20°
-40°
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
Plankton Data of the Former
Soviet Union: 1968-1992
Background: CZCS composite chlorophyll
“Akademician Vernadsky”
“Akademician Kovalevsky”
“Professor Vodyanitsky”
Biogeochemical provinces of the ocean
(by Longhurst, 1998; Pauly et al., 2000)
Eastern Tropical
Atlantic Province
South Atlantic Gyral
Province
a
20°
Chlorophyll a:
0°
Onboard
CZCS
-20°
-40°
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
b
20°
Bioluminescence
Intensity (0-100m)
0°
-20°
-40°
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
20°
c
Plankton fields:
direct and remote
measurements
0°
Zooplankton
Biomass (0-100m, mg/m3)
-20°
-40°
-80°
-60°
-40°
-20°
0°
20°
Distribution of
onboard chlorophyll a
measurements in the
database
Distribution of
zooplankton
data in the
database
Equator: W inter
Summer
1.4
-2
Zooplankton, gC m
-2
Zooplankton, gC m
6
4
2
1.0
0.6
2
2
r =0.39
r =0.67
0
0.2
1.0
1.8
2.6
0.2
0.4
3.4
-2
1.2
2.0
Phytoplankton, gC m
Summer
Anticyclonic Gyres: W inter
0.7
-2
Zooplankton, gC m
6
4
2
0.5
0.3
2
2
r =0.84
0
1.6
-2
Phytoplankton, gC m
-2
Zooplankton, gC m
0.8
Relationship
between phytoand zooplankton
biomass over
regions
0
2
4
6
-2
Phytoplankton, gC m
r =0.83
0.1
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
-2
Phytoplankton, gC m
Piontkovski et al., 2002
NASA website
Normalised biomass spectra for 7 autumn
AMT cruises.
Latitude (S)
Piontkovski et al, 2002
Species diversity index H’
s
H   f i log 2 f i
'
i 1
H’ characterises
the diversity in
the information
units i.e. bits of
information
(Shannon, 1948)
• fi is the relative frequency of species i, and
• s is the numbers of these species
Summary of the Atlantic Ocean data set:
93 cruises, 9474 CTD stations (1951-1991)
1
Surface chlorophyll-a distribution 0.9
(µg l-1)
10°N
0.8
on the background of 600 CTD stations
carried out by
0.7
two vessels in October, 1986.
0.6
5°N
0.5
Jun-Jul
0°N 1987
0.3
Spatial resolution between stations is about 30
0.4 miles
-55°W
-50°W
0.2
0.1
-45°W
-40°W
-35°W
0
Africa
10°N
5°N
Brazil
0°N
-55°W
-50°W
-45°W
-40°W
-35°W
-30°W
-25°W
-20°W
-15°W
AV’41 Data (Feb-Mar’90)
-60
-50
-40
-60
Dominant
Wavelength
-50
-40
Temperature
10
-60
10
-50
-40
Secchi Disk
10
0
-60
-50
0
-60
-40
-50
-40
Salinity
Chlorophyll-a
0
10
10
-60
-50
-40
Forele-Ule
Scale
10
0
0
0
AVHRR Ocean Pathfinder Mean
SST
-60
-50
-40
Temperature
10
Measured:
Feb-Mar’90
0
Feb’90
AVHRR
Data from
Mar’90
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY:
ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY RESPONSE ALONG THE ARRAYS OF
THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION INFLUENCE
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Teams: 30 specialists from14 institutions in 10 countries:
1. Stony Brook University, USA
2. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA
3. Texas A&M University, USA
4. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, U.K.
5. Institute of Marine Sciences, Germany
6. Baltic Sea Research Institute, Germany
7. Fisheries Research Institute, Latvia
8. Laboratory of Biological Oceanography, France
9. Trieste University, Italy
10. Institute of Marine Sciences, Turkey
11. Institute of Oceanology, Bulgaria
12. Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, Ukraine
13. Caspian Biological Station, Azerbaijan
14. Sir Alistair Hardy Foundation, U.K.
Project Coordinator: Sergey
Piontkovski
Marine Sciences Research Center,
Stony Brook University, USA
Funding requested: $1,248,394
Duration of effort: 3 years (December 1, 2002- November 30, 2005)
Expression of Interest: Network of Excellence (FP6-2002)
PLAnkton Time series Observations (PLATO): ecosystem impacts
of global change
Multiscale diagrams
for the epipelagic
community of the
Indian Ocean