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Biology Outline: Chapter Thirty-Four Introduction to Animals Mr. Werner 34-1 The Nature of Animals I. Characteristics of Animals _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Invertebrates: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2) Vertebrates: __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (A) Multicellular Organization _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Specialization: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ ∞ Suggest (2) Cell Junctions: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (B) Heterotrophy _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Ingestion: ____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (C) Sexual Reproduction and Development _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Zygote: ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2) Differentiation: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (D) Movement _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ∞ Infer (1) Neurons: _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ III. Origin and Classification _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 34-2 Animal Bodies I. Body Structure _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ∞ Recognize (1) Symmetry: ____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (A) Patterns of Symmetry _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Radial Symmetry: _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2) Dorsal: ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (3) Ventral: ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (4) Anterior: _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (5) Posterior: ____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (6) Bilateral Symmetry: _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (7) Cephalization: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (B) Germ Layers _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (C) Body Cavities _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ II. Animal Diversity _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (A) Invertebrates _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (B) Chordates _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Notochord: ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2) Dorsal Nerve Cord: _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (3) Pharyngeal Pouches: _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (4) Postanal Tail: __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (C) Vertebrates _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 34-3 Comparison of Invertebrates and Vertebrates I. Invertebrate Characteristics _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (A) Symmetry _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (B) Segmentation _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (C) Support of the Body _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ ∞ Hypothesize (1) Exoskeleton: __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (D) Respiratory and Circulatory Systems _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Gas Exchange: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2) Gills: ________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (3) Circulatory System: _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (4) Open-Circulatory System: ________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (5) Closed-Circulatory System: _______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (E) Digestive and Excretory Systems _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Gut: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (F) Nervous Systems _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (G) Reproduction and Development _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Hermaphrodite: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2) Indirect Development: ___________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (3) Larvae: ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (4) Direct Development: ____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ II. Vertebrate Characteristics _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (A) Support of the Body _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Endoskeleton: _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (2) Vertebrae: ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (B) Body Coverings _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Integument: ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (C) Respiratory and Circulatory Systems _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Lungs: _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (D) Digestive and Excretory Systems _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (1) Kidneys: ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ (E) Nervous System _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (F) Reproduction and Development _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________