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Transcript
Investigating Electrical Energy An Electrical Circuit is a path along which electricity can flow. The path must be ‘complete’ (in a closed loop) for the electricity to flow. Circuit Extreme Engineering 2 Circuits have the following parts: ◦An energy source, like a battery ◦A wire that allows electrons to travel around ◦Something that requires energy ◦Often they also have a switch Circuit Extreme Engineering 3 A battery is a chemical factory that stores chemical potential energy. Batteries have positive and negative terminals In a circuit, one end of the wire is connected to the positive terminal and the other to the negative terminal. Battery Extreme Engineering 4 The wire is a type of conductor. This is because it electricity flows along it easily. An insulator is something that doesn’t allow electricity to flow easily Conductors and insulators Extreme Engineering 5 When a bulb is put into the circuit, energy from the battery flows into it. This also works with heaters, fans, motors and other items Circuit Extreme Engineering 6 Without something that requires energy, all that happens is the battery goes flat. Circuit Extreme Engineering 7 Electric switches are used to complete circuits When the switch is ‘on’ the circuit is complete (closed) When the switch is ‘off’ the circuit is not complete (open) Switch Extreme Engineering 8 There are two main types of circuits: Series circuits and Parallel circuits Types of circuits Extreme Engineering 9 A series circuit is when there is only one path for the electrical current to flow through. Series Extreme Engineering 10 If any part of the series is not complete, then the electrical current does not flow through the circuit. So if one light bulb in a series breaks, the circuit’s path is broken and none of the bulbs will light up. Series Extreme Engineering 11 A parallel circuit has multiple paths for the electrical current to pass through. If one bulb in a parallel circuit breaks, the others will still work. Parallel Extreme Engineering 12 Diagrams of circuits use symbols to represent each component so that they are easy to understand Reading a circuit Extreme Engineering 13 •When batteries are connected in series, the voltage increases • When batteries are connected in parallel, the voltage remains the same batteries Extreme Engineering 14 So, if two 1.5 volt batteries are connected head to tail (positive to negative) in a series, the total voltage is 3.0 volt because.... 2 x 1.5 volt = 3.0 volt Series Extreme Engineering 15 When batteries are connected in parallel, the voltage remains the same, but the batteries last longer because less energy is needed from each battery! parallel Extreme Engineering 16