Download Lab 06 SGOs: The Skeletal System (20 points)

Pierce College
Putman/Biol 241
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Lab 06 SGOs: The Skeletal System (20 points)
Lab Report 6: Marieb & Mitchell 9th Ed: Exercise 10 (Activities 1-5) + Review Sheet 10 AND
Exercise 11 (Activities 1-5) + Review Sheet 11; 10th Ed & 11th Ed: Exercise 9 (Activities 1-5) +
Review Sheet 9 (Questions 1-21) AND Exercise 10 (Activities 1-5) + Rev. Sheet 10 (Questions
1-17). [Also, find all terms on practice diagrams of skeleton, but DON’T turn in! Thanks!]
Pierce College Student Outcome:
Lab Outcome 8: Identify and describe structures/functions of major bony landmarks of all bones in the human
skeleton.
By completing and understanding this lab, you should be able to do the following:
1. On an articulated human skull, be able to identify the following bones and associated
structures, and if there are two of the given bone or structure, whether it is left (L) or right
(R):
Frontal Bone
supraorbital foramen, L or R
frontal sinus, L or R
coronal suture, L or R
[Frontal bone forms coronal suture joints with parietal bones. SC: fibrous, suture; FC: synarthrosis/synostosis]
Nasal Bones, L or R
Lacrimal Bones, L or R
lacrimal foramen, L or R
Maxillary Bone (Maxilla)
maxillary sinus, L or R
infraorbital foramen, L or R
palatine process of maxillary bone
incisive fossa/foramen
inferior orbital fissure, L or R
alveolus/alveoli of maxillary bone
teeth in maxillary alveoli joint
[Teeth in maxillary alveoli joint. SC: fibrous, gomphosis. FC: Synarthrosis]
Inferior Nasal Conchae, L or R
Ethmoid Bone
ethmoid sinuses, L or R
perpendicular plate (forms upper 2/3 of nasal septum)
middle nasal concha, L or R
superior nasal concha, L or R
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 1
cribriform plate, L or R
olfactory foramina, L or R
crista galli
Vomer (forms lower 1/3 of nasal septum)
Zygomatic Bones, L or R
Temporal Bones, L or R
zygomatic process, L or R
mandibular fossa, L or R (forms temporomandibular joint), L or R
[L/R condyloid process of mandible forms L/R temporomandibular joint with L/R temporal bone. SC: synovial, hingemodified. FC: diarthrosis, biaxial]
mastoid process, L or R
mastoid sinus, L or R
mastoid foramen , L or R
external auditory (acoustic) meatus, L or R
internal auditory (acoustic) foramen, L or R
styloid process, L or R
stylomastoid foramen, L or R
jugular foramen, L or R
carotid canal, L or R
foramen lacerum, L or R
squamosal sutures, L or R
[Temporal and parietal bones form L/R squamosal suture joints. SC: Fibrous, suture. FC: Synarthrosis/synostosis]
sphenosquamosal suture, L or R
[Temporal and sphenoid bones form L/R sphenosquamosal suture joints. SC: Fibrous, suture. FC: Synarthrosis/synostosis]
auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, stapes (just know location)
Sphenoid Bone
medial pterygoid process, L or R
lateral pterygoid process, L or R
foramen ovale, L or R
foramen spinosum, L or R
foramen rotundum, L or R
sphenoid sinus, L or R
sella turcica
hypophyseal fossa
optic foramen/canal, L or R
superior orbital fissure, L or R
sphenosquamosal sutures, L or R
[Temporal and sphenoid bones form L/R sphenosquamosal suture joints. SC: Fibrous, suture. FC: Synarthrosis/synostosis]
Parietel Bones, L or R
coronal suture, L or R
[Frontal and parietal and bones form the coronal suture joint. SC: fibrous, suture; FC: synarthrosis/synostosis]
sagittal sutures
[Parietal bones form sagittal suture joint. SC: fibrous, suture. FC: synarthrosis/synostosis]
squamosal sutures, L or R
[Temporal and parietal bones form L/R squamosal suture joints. SC: Fibrous, suture. FC: Synarthrosis/synostosis]
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 2
lambdoidal suture
wormian bones (several)
Palatine Bone
greater palatine foramen
lesser palatine foramen (lateral, medial)
Occipital Bone
occipital condyles, L or R
[R/L superior articular facet of atlas forms atlanto-occipital joint with R/L occipital condyles. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC:
diarthrosis, biaxial (limited)]
hypoglossal canal, L or R
foramen magnum
external occipital protuberance
superior nuchal line
Mandible
angle of mandible, L or R
condyloid process of mandible, L or R
temporomandibular joint, L or R
[L/R condyloid process of mandible forms L/R temporomandibular joint with L/R temporal bone. SC: synovial, hingemodified. FC: diarthrosis, biaxial]
coronoid process, L or R
mental foramen, L or R
mandibular foramen, L or R
mandibular notch, L or R
alveolus/alveoli
teeth in mandibular alveoli joing
[Teeth in mandibular alveoli joint. SC: fibrous, gomphosis. FC: Synarthrosis]
2. Identify the following articulated OR disarticulated bones and associated structures:
Hyoid
Atlas (C1)
superior articular facet for occipital condyles, R or L
[R/L superior articular facet of atlas forms atlanto-occipital joint with R/L occipital condyles. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC:
diarthrosis, biaxial (limited)]
inferior articular facet, R or L
transverse process, R or L
transverse foramen, R or L
vertebral foramen
Axis (C2)
odontoid process of axis (dens)
[Odontoid process of axis forms atlantoaxial joint with atlas. SC: synovial, pivot. FC: diarthrosis, uniaxial]
body (centrum)
[Intervertebral joints form between bodies of vertebrae. SC: cartilaginous, symphysis. FC: amphiarthrosis]
vertebral arch = pedicle + lamina
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 3
vertebral foramen
transverse process, R or L
transverse foramen, L or R
bifid spinose process of axis
Cervical Vertebrae (C1-C7; you do not need to differentiate between C3-C7)
body (centrum)
[Intervertebral joints form between bodies of vertebrae. SC: cartilaginous, symphysis. FC: amphiarthrosis]
vertebral arch = pedicle + lamina
vertebral foramen
transverse process, L or R
transverse foramen, L or R
superior articular facet, L or R
[Intervertebral joints form between inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae and superior articular facets of inferior
vertebrae. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
inferior articular facet, L or R
[Intervertebral joints form between inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae and superior articular facets of inferior
vertebrae. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
bifid spinous process
inferior vertebral notch, L or R
intervertebral discs
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12; you do not need to differentiate between these)
body (centrum)
[Intervertebral joints form between bodies of vertebrae. SC: cartilaginous, symphysis. FC: amphiarthrosis]
vertebral arch = pedicle + lamina
vertebral foramen
transverse process, L or R
transverse costal facet for tubercle of rib (T1-T10), L or R
[Vertebrocostal joints form between articular facet for transverse process of rib and transverse costal facet of thoracic
vertebra. SC; Synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
superior demifacet (for head of rib, T2-T9) [= Superior costal facet; know as superior
demifacet], L or R
[Vertebrocostal joints form between superior demifacet of thoracic vertebra and superior facet of head of rib. SC: synovial,
planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
inferior demifacet (for head of rib, T1-T8) [= Inferior costal facet; know as inferior
demifacet], L or R
[Vertebrocostal joints form between inferior demifacet of thoracic vertebra and inferior facet of head of rib. SC: synovial,
planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
superior articular facet, L or R
[Intervertebral joints form between inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae and superior articular facets of inferior
vertebrae. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
inferior articular facet, L or R
[Intervertebral joints form between inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae and superior articular facets of inferior
vertebrae. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
spinous process
inferior vertebral notch, L or R
intervertebral discs
Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5; you do not need to differentiate between these)
body (centrum)
[Intervertebral joints form between bodies of vertebrae. SC: cartilaginous, symphysis. FC: amphiarthrosis]
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 4
vertebral arch = pedicle + lamina
transverse process, L or R
vertebral foramen
superior articular facet, L or R
[Intervertebral joints form between inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae and superior articular facets of inferior
vertebrae. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
inferior articular facet, L or R
[Intervertebral joints form between inferior articular facets of superior vertebrae and superior articular facets of inferior
vertebrae. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
spinous process
inferior vertebral notch, L or R
intervertebral discs
Sacrum (S1-S5)
superior articular facet
sacral foramina
auricular surface (forms sacroiliac joint), L or R
[Sacroiliac joint formed between auricular surface of sacrum and auricular surface of ilium. SC: synovial, planar. FC:
Diarthrosis but with very little movement]
Coccyx
3. Identify the following articulated OR disarticulated bones and associated structures:
Sternum
Manubrium
[Sternocostal (chondrocosal) joint formed between sternal end of rib I and manubrium. SC; cartilaginous, synchondrosis.
FC: synarthrosis]
jugular notch of manubrium
clavicular notch of manubrium, L or R
[Sternoclavicular joint formed between clavicular notch of sternum and sternal end of clavicle. SC: synovial, saddle
(shallow). FC diarthrosis, multiaxial]
Body
[Sternocostal (chondrocostal) joint formed between sternal end of ribs 2-7 and body of sternum. SC: synovial, planar. FC:
diarthrosis, gliding]
xiphoid process
Ribs (Differentiate between the three types of ribs only on articulated skeleton.)
true ribs (1-7), L or R
[Sternocostal (chondrocosal) joint formed between sternal end of rib I and manubrium. SC; cartilaginous, synchondrosis.
FC: synarthrosis]
false ribs (8-12)
[Sternocostal (chondrocostal) joint formed between sternal end of ribs 2-7 and body of sternum. SC: synovial, planar. FC:
diarthrosis, gliding]
floating ribs (11 & 12)
head
superior facet of head of rib
[Vertebrocostal joints form between superior demifacet of thoracic vertebra and superior facet of head of rib. SC: synovial,
planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
inferior facet of head of rib
[Vertebrocostal joints form between inferior demifacet of thoracic vertebra and inferior facet of head of rib. SC: synovial,
planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
neck
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 5
body
costal groove
articular facet for transverse process
[Vertebrocostal joints form between articular facet for transverse process of rib and transverse costal facet of thoracic
vertebra. SC; Synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
costochondral joint
costal cartilage
4. Identify the following articulated OR disarticulated bones and associated structures:
Clavicle, L or R
sternal end, L or R
[Sternoclavicular joint formed between clavicular notch of sternum and sternal end of clavicle. SC: synovial, saddle
(shallow). FC diarthrosis, multiaxial]
conoid tubercle, L or R
acromial end (forms glenoid cavity) , L or R
[Acromioclavicular joint formed from acromion process of scapula and acromial end of clavicle. SC: synovial, planar. FC:
diarthrosis, gliding]
Scapula, L or R
acromion process (forms glenoid cavity) , L or R
[Acromioclavicular joint formed from acromion process of scapula and acromial end of clavicle. SC: synovial, planar. FC:
diarthrosis, gliding]
spine, L or R
supraspinous fossa, L or R
infraspinous fossa, L or R
superior angle, L or R
inferior angle, L or R
coracoid process, L or R
subscapular fossa, L or R
glenoid fossa [not glenoid cavity!] (part of glenoid cavity) , L or R
[Glenohumeral joint formed from head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula. SC: synovial, ball and societ. FC:
diarthrosis, multiaxial.]
Humerus, L or R
head (articulates into glenoid cavity) , L or R
[Glenohumeral joint formed from head of humerus and glenoid fossa of scapula. SC: synovial, ball and societ. FC:
diarthrosis, multiaxial.]
greater tubercle, L or R
lesser tubercle, L or R
intertubercular sulcus, L or R
deltoid tuberosity, L or R
lateral epicondyle, L or R
capitulum (articulates with head of radius), L or R
trochlea (articulates with trochlear notch of ulna), L or R
[Humeroulnar joint formed between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna. SC: synovial, hinge. FC: diarthrosis,
uniaxial.]
medial epicondyle, L or R
olecranon fossa, L or R
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 6
Radius, L or R
head (articulates with capitulum of humerus), L or R
[
[Proximal radioulnar joint formed between head of radius and radial notch of ulna. SC: synovial, pivot. FC: diarthrosis,
uniaxial.]
radial tuberosity, L or R
interossius border (ridge) , L or R
[Joint between radius & ulna interossius borders. SC: fibrous, syndesmosis. FC: Amphiarthrosis.]
ulnar notch (articulates with ulna), L or R
[Distal radioulnar joint formed between ulnar notch of radius and distal aspect of ulna. SC: synovial, pivot. FC:
diarthrosis, uniaxial.]
styloid process of radius
[Radiocarpal joint formed between distal aspect of radius and scaphoid and lunate bones. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC: diarthrosis,
biaxial]
Ulna, L or R
coronoid process, L or R
trochlear notch, L or R
olecranon process (articulates into olecranon fossa of humerus), L or R
interossius border (ridge), L or R
[Joint between radius & ulna interossius borders. SC: fibrous, syndesmosis. FC: Amphiarthrosis.]
head, L or R
styloid process of ulna, L or R
radial notch (articulates with radius), L or R
[Proximal radioulnar joint formed between head of radius and radial notch of ulna. SC:
synovial, pivot. FC: diarthrosis, uniaxial.]
[Distal radioulnar joint formed between ulnar notch of radius and distal aspect of ulna. SC:
synovial, pivot. FC: diarthrosis, uniaxial.]
Os Coxa (fusion of three bones: Ilium, Pubis and Ischium), L or R
Ilium, L or R
iliac crest, L or R
anterior superior iliac spine, L or R
anterior inferior iliac spine, L or R
posterior superior iliac spine, L or R
auricular surface of ilium (sacroiliac joint articulation), L or R
[Sacroiliac joint formed between auricular surface of sacrum and auricular surface of ilium. SC: synovial, planar. FC:
Diarthrosis but with very little movement]
greater sciatic notch, L or R
acetabulum, L or R
[Coxal (hip) joint formed between head of femur and acetabulum. SC: synovial, ball and socket. Diarthrosis, multiaxial.]
acetabular notch, L or R
obturator foramen, L or R
Pubis, L or R
pubic symphysis, L or R
[Pubic symphysis joint formed between pubic bones. SC: cartilaginous, symphysis. FC: amphiarthrosis]
Ischium, L or R
lesser sciatic notch, L or R
ischial tuberosity, L or R
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 7
Femur, L or R
head (articulates into acetabulum), L or R
[Coxal (hip) joint formed between heat of femur and acetabulum. SC: synovial, ball and socket. Diarthrosis, multiaxial.]
fovea capitis, L or R
neck, L or R
greater trochanter, L or R
lesser trochanter, L or R
linea aspera, L or R
lateral epicondyle, L or R
lateral condyle of femur (articulates with lateral condyle of tibia), L or R
[Tibiofemoral joint formed, in part, from lateral condyle of femur articulating with lateral condyle of tibia. SC: synovial,
hinge (modified). FC: Diarthrosis, biaxial (modified)]
intercondylar fossa, L or R
medial condyle of femur (articulates with medial condyle of tibia), L or R
[Tibiofemoral joint formed, in part, from medial condyle of femur articulating with medial condyle of tibia. SC: synovial,
hinge (modified). FC: Diarthrosis, biaxial (modified)]
medial epicondyle, L or R
patellar surface, L or R
[Femoropatellar joint formed between patellar surface of femur and patella. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
Patella
[Femoropatellar joint formed between patellar surface of femur and patella. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
Tibia, L or R
[Proximal tibiofibular joint formed between proximal-lateral aspect of tibia and fibula. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis,
gliding]
lateral condoyle of tibia (articulates with head of fibula), L or R
[Tibiofemoral joint formed, in part, from lateral condyle of femur articulating with lateral condyle of tibia. SC: synovial,
hinge (modified). FC: Diarthrosis, biaxial (modified)]
medial condyle of tibia, L or R
[Tibiofemoral joint formed, in part, from medial condyle of femur articulating with medial condyle of tibia. SC: synovial,
hinge (modified). FC: Diarthrosis, biaxial (modified)]
tibial tuberosity, L or R
anterior crest, L or R
medial malleolus, L or R
fibular notch, L or R
[Distal tibiofibular joint formed between fibular notch of tibia and distal aspect of fibula. SC: fibrosis, syndesmosis. FC:
synarthrosis.]
interosseous border, L or R
[Joint between shafts of tibia & fibula formed between interosseous borders of tibia and fibula. Sc: fibrous, syndesmosis.
FC: amphiarthrosis.]
[Ankle joint formed between distal articular surface of tibia, distal aspect of fibula and the talus. SC: synovial, hinge. FC: Diarthrosis,
uniaxial.]
Fibula, L or R
[Proximal tibiofibular joint formed between proximal-lateral aspect of tibia and fibula. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis,
gliding]
[Distal tibiofibular joint formed between fibular notch of tibia and distal aspect of fibula. SC: fibrosis, syndesmosis. FC: synarthrosis.]
[Ankle joint formed between distal articular surface of tibia, distal aspect of fibula and the talus. SC: synovial, hinge. FC: Diarthrosis,
uniaxial.]
head of fibula (articulates with lateral condyle of tibia), L or R
lateral malleolus, L or R
interosseous border, L or R
[Joint between shafts of tibia & fibula formed between interosseous borders of tibia and fibula. Sc: fibrous, syndesmosis.
FC: amphiarthrosis.]
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 8
5. Identify the following articulated bones and associated structures:
Manus (hand), L or R
Carpals, L or R
scaphoid (with lunate, articulates with radius), L or R
[Radiocarpal joint formed between distal aspect of radius and scaphoid and lunate bones. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC:
diarthrosis, biaxial]
lunate (with scaphoid, articulates with radius), L or R
[Radiocarpal joint formed between distal aspect of radius and scaphoid and lunate bones. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC:
diarthrosis, biaxial]
triquetrum, L or R
pisiform, L or R
hamate, L or R
capitates, L or R
trapezoid, L or R
trapezium, L or R
[Intercarpal joints formed between carpals. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding]
[Carpometacarpal joint of digit I formed between trapezium and metacarpal I. SC: synovial, saddle. FC: diarthrosis, biaxial.]
[Carpometacarpal joints of digits II-V formed between carpals and metacarpals. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding.]
Metacarpals, L or R
I, II, III, IV, V; all L or R
[Carpometacarpal joint of digit I formed between trapezium and metacarpal I. SC: synovial, saddle. FC: diarthrosis, biaxial.]
[Carpometacarpal joints of digits II-V formed between carpals and metacarpals. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding.]
[Metacarpophalayngeal joints formed between metacarpals and proximal phalanges. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC: diarthrosis, biaxial.]
Phalanges, L or R
proximal phalanx I, II, III, IV, V; all L or R
[Metacarpophalayngeal joints formed between metacarpals and proximal phalanges. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC: diarthrosis, biaxial.]
middle phalanx II, III, IV, V; all L or R
distal phalanx I, II, III, IV, V; all L or R
[Interphalangeal joints formed between proximal, middle and distal phalanges. SC: synovial, hinge. FC: diarthrosis, uniaxial.]
Pes (foot), L or R
Tarsals, L or R
calcaneous, L or R
talus (articulates with tibia), L or R
[Ankle joint formed between distal articular surface of tibia, distal aspect of fibula and the talus. SC: synovial, hinge. FC:
Diarthrosis, uniaxial.]
navicular, L or R
medial cuneiform, L or R
intermediate cuneiform, L or R
lateral cuneiform, L or R
cuboid, L or R
[Intertarsal joints formed between tarsals. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding.]
[Tarsometatarsal joints formed between tarsals and metatarsals. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding.]
Metatarsals, L or R
I, II, III, IV, V; all L or R
[Tarsometatarsal joints formed between tarsals and metatarsals. SC: synovial, planar. FC: diarthrosis, gliding.]
[Metatarsophalangeal joints formed between metatarsals and proximal phalanges. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC: diarthrosis, biaxial.]
Phalanges, L or R
[Interphalangeal joints formed between phalanges. SC: synovial, hinge. FC: diarthrosis, uniaxial.]
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 9
proximal phalanx I, II, III, IV, V; all L or R
[Metatarsophalangeal joints formed between metatarsals and proximal phalanges. SC: synovial, condyloid. FC: diarthrosis,
biaxial.]
middle phalanx II, III, IV, V; all L or R
distal phalanx I, II, III, IV, V; all L or R
Putman/Pierce College Biol 241 Lab 6 SGOs/20160213/Page 10