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Name: ____________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: ______5/4/17
CP2 KEY TERMS AND OBJECTIVES FOR
Cell Membranes, Organelles and Transport 2009-2010
OBJECTIVES: By the end of this unit, you should be able to…
6.1: All organisms are made of cells:
1. List the three main parts of a cell
2. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
6.2: Membranes organize a cell’s activities:
1. Define: selectively permeable, phospholipid bilayer
2. Describe the structure of cellular membranes. Use the terms phospholipid, protein,
hydrophobic, hydrophilic and bilayer
3. Given a diagram of a phospholipid membrane, be able to label the following: hydrophobic
portion, hydrophilic portion, phospholipid, protein, bilayer
4. Identify functions of proteins in cellular membranes
5. Draw a basic phospholipid and label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions
6. Explain why we need cell membranes around our cells
6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules:
7. Define: Osmosis, Diffusion
8. Match each of the key terms below to its correct definition
9. Relate the terms: diffusion and equilibrium
10. Explain why the three types of passive transport are grouped together.
11. Describe how passive transport occurs
12. Differentiate between an isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solution
13. Explain what would happen to a human blood cell if placed in each of the three solutions
mentioned above in #10. Explain what happens, and WHY it happens (where are the water /
solutes moving to?)
14. Explain the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion
15. Explain how active transport differs from passive transport
16. Explain why we need active transport
6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products:
17. Match each of the organelles to its correct function – see organelle function WS
18. *View a variety of cells using a compound light microscope
19. Label a microscope diagram with its correct parts
20. Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
21. Compare and contrast plant and animal cells
22. Give an example of a prokaryotic and two examples of eukaryotic cells
23. Given a diagram of a plant or animal cell, be able to identify all of the major organelles and
parts studied in class.
SECTIONS IN BOOK:
Biology: Exploring Life 6.1 – All organisms are made of cells
Biology: Exploring Life 6.2 – Membranes organize a cell’s activities
Biology: Exploring Life 6.3 – Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules
Biology: Exploring Life 6.4 – The cell builds a diversity of products
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KEY TERMS:
6.1: All organisms are made of cells:
Organelle: small part of a cell
Eukaryote: cell that contains a nucleus and many organelles
Prokaryote: cell that lacks a nucleus and many organelles
6.2: Membranes organize a cell’s activities:
Selectively permeable: some materials are allowed to pass through, but others are not
Phospholipid bilayer: a “sandwich” of molecules that surrounds an organelle or a cell
6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules:
Passive Transport: transport within a cell in which no energy is used
Active Transport: transport within a cell in which energy is used
Diffusion: the net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more
concentrated to where they are less concentrated
Equilibrium: balance
Hypertonic: high concentration of solutes
Hypotonic: low concentration of solutes
Isotonic: equal concentration of solutes
6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products: see chart of organelles and their functions
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Name: ____________________________________ Date: _______________ Class: ________
CELL UNIT PROJECTS - CHOICE
Your assignment is to work in groups of 1 to 4 people to make a project that demonstrates your
understanding of the structure of each cell organelle and its function. You may work with students
in another class of mine if you wish. (100 points)
This Project is due on: ______________________________
0. Audio recording (no video) of a rap, nursery rhyme or other type of song about the main
parts and functions of the eukaryotic cell. Have the words to the rap as your background so
people can sing along! (Your vocals must be clear!) (Song must be at least 2 minutes long!)
You may use analogies to explain (this can get fun!)
1. Make a music video about the main parts and functions of the eukaryotic cell. Include pics
of cell and parts, or video yourself playing an instrument and singing the song! (Your vocals
must be clear!) (Song must be at least 2 minutes long!) You may use analogies to explain
(this can get fun!)
2. Use Glogster to make an online poster that highlights the main parts and functions of the
eukaryotic cell. http://edu.glogster.com/
(You MUST use this Glogster EDU site above. NOT Glogster.com)
i.
3. Create a 3-Dimensional STURDY eukaryotic cell model out of whatever you wish to use,
and include a cell analogy poster that lists each cell part, it’s function, and an analogy for
the function to an item used in everyday life. This model must stand up by itself, or you must
provide materials to hang it from the ceiling if it is not made of perishable material. You may
NOT do the same type of model as someone else! For example, if someone makes a cell
model out of a pizza, NO ONE else in any class this year may do that!
4. Create a skit about different eukaryotic cell parts and their functions. Costumes /
Accessories to differentiate between organelles are a must! (Skit must be at least 3 minutes
long!) You may use analogies to explain (this can get fun!)
5. Draw or paint a large-scale, intricate eukaryotic cell diagram, with the cell parts labeled,
and include a cell analogy poster that lists each cell part, it’s function, and an analogy for
the function to an item used in everyday life. Must take up at least 90% of an 8 ½ x 11 piece
of paper. Must be on sturdy background.
6. Write a poem about the main parts of the eukaryotic cell and its corresponding functions.
7. Comic strip / Graphic “mini” novel on paper, PowerPoint, Microsoft word, etc.
8. Pop-up book - one page for the picture of the cell and one page for each organelle. See me
at least one week before the due date if you would like to do another format.
9. Online cell review practice test in Google docs. This will be used as a pretest for other
classes in the future.
10. Animated movie / comic strip on: (these are all free)
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i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Scratch: http://scratch.mit.edu/
Doki (Can’t find)
Photostory (for windows only. Use iPhoto and iMovie in mac to create a slideshow)
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/using/digitalphotography/PhotoStory/default.msp
x (or search for photostory and download from Microsoft site)
Xtranormal: http://www.xtranormal.com/
or other appropriate site
11. Cell costume – Make a wearable cell costume that includes all of the parts listed below.
12. Other: See me if there is another medium you would like to use to present your information.
13.
REQUIREMENTS:
a. Meets specific requirements for project medium (see above) (15 points)
b. Accuracy (24 points)
c. Creativity (15 points)
d. Spelling and grammar (10 points)
e. Obvious time invested (10 points)
f. Includes these parts and their functions for an animal cell (26 points)
i. Cell membrane
ii. Nucleus
iii. Nuclear envelope / membrane
iv. Nucleolus
v. Chromosomes / Chromatin
vi. Mitochondrion
vii. Ribosome
viii. Endoplasmic Reticulum
ix. Golgi Body
x. ***Lysosome
xi. Vacuole
xii. ***Centriole
xiii. Cytoplasm
xiv. Plant cells must include all except lysosome and centriole, but ADD cell wall and
chloroplasts.
Your organization plan is due to me by: ___________________________ (Describe the specific
roles of each person involved and when they must have them completed by).
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________ Class: _______
NOTES: All Organisms are Made of Cells: Concept 6.1
This is the Note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)
Three Main Parts of a Cell
• The Boundary (cell membrane and/or cell wall)
• The Cytoplasm (which contains all of the organelles)
• The Nucleus (holds DNA)
The Boundary
• The cell membrane is the thin, outer covering of the cell.
• Some cells, like plants, have a cell wall in addition to the cell membrane.
• The membrane defines the boundary and regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell
and its surroundings.
• The cell membrane is selectively permeable. This means it allows some materials in and not
others.
Cytoplasm
• The entire region of the cell between the nucleus and the cell (plasma) membrane is called
the cytoplasm.
• The cytoplasm contains many organelles, which are small parts in a cell that have specific
jobs.
• Organelle means “mini-organ”
Two Major Classes of Cells
• Prokaryotic cells (lack a nucleus and most other organelles)
– Example: bacteria
– These are the oldest organisms (they evolved a LONG time ago!)
• Eukaryotic cells (have a nucleus and most other organelles)
– Examples: fungi, plants, animals
– These organisms are younger (they evolved recently)
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Prokaryotic Cell: (Bacteria Cell)
Note how simple the cell is – not many parts compared to the eukaryotic cell
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Eukaryotic Cell: (Animal Cell)
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Eukaryotic Cell: (Plant Cell)
–
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Name: _______________________________________ Date: ___________ Class: _______
Questions for “All organisms are made of cells” Concept 6.1
Read in your text (Biology: Exploring Life) and answer the following questions:
*Skip to the section titled “An Overview of Animal and Plant Cells” on page 112.
1. What does “organelle” mean?
2. What are two similarities between plant and animal cells?
3. What is the function of a plasma membrane?
4. What are two differences between plant and animal cells?
5. What happens in the process of photosynthesis?
6. What is the function of the cell wall?
7. Do animal cells have cell walls?
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8. What are the two basic kinds of cells?
9. What is the difference between the two basic kinds of cells?
10. List two examples of organisms that are eukaryotes (organisms that have eukaryotic cells)?
11. List two examples of organisms that are prokaryotes (organisms that have prokaryotic
cells)?
12. Which organisms are more complex: prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
13. Are humans prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
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Name: _______________________________________ Date: ___________ Class: _______
Questions for “Membranes organize a cell’s activities” Concept 6.2
Read in your text (Biology: Exploring Life) and answer the following questions:
*These questions correspond to the section titled “Membrane Structure” only.
1. In addition to keeping cells organized and keeping teams of enzymes together, what do
membranes do?
2. What are the two components that make up cell membranes?
3. Draw a basic (simplified) diagram of a phospholipid and label the following: head, tails,
hydrophobic region, hydrophilic region.
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Name: __________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Class: _____________
NOTES: Membranes organize a cell’s activities: Concept 6.2
This is the Note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)
Membrane Structure
• The cell membrane keeps the cell separate
from the rest of it’s environment.
• Organelle membranes keep the cell
organized since they keep each organelle
separate from each other.
• Membranes are made mostly of proteins
and phospholipids
• The cell membrane also allows cells to
maintain their internal concentrations of
water, glucose, and other nutrients, while
at the same time, eliminating wastes.
Phospholipid Structure
• Phospholipids have two parts:
– Hydrophilic heads
– Hydrophobic tails
• The first diagram on the right  shows
exactly what a phospholipid looks like, and
the second shows a simplified model
Fluid Mosaic Model
• Phospholipids can move sideways through their layer.
• This makes each layer resemble a fluid
• This is similar to the ducks sitting on top of the pond to
the right  They can move freely past each other, but
always remain oriented the same way as each other –
heads on top, feet underneath.
• Descriptions of the cell membrane are known as the
“Fluid Mosaic Models”
Phospholipid Bilayer
• The phospholipids make a “sandwich” of molecules,
called a bilayer, that surrounds an organelle or a cell.
• The hydrophilic ends face the watery inside and watery
outside of the cell
• The hydrophobic ends are shielded from the water
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The Functions of Membrane Proteins
• The proteins that are embedded in the bilayer have many functions:
– Enzyme Activity: (build up and break down substances)
– Cell Identification / Recognition:(tell what type of cell it is, or who it belongs to)
– Cell Signaling: release or absorb chemicals into and out of cells
– Transport of Materials: release or absorb nutrients or waste products into and out of cells
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Name: _____________________________________________________________ Date: _____________ Class: ____________
Phospholipid Membrane Coloring
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The worksheet below mentions the “transparency.” It is referring to the diagram on the next page.
The phospholipid in the “upper right corner” us the one in the middle of the top of the page.
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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______
NOTES: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules – Diffusion
(Concept 6.3)
This is the note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)
Movement in a cell

Materials such as water, nutrients, dissolved gases, ions and wastes must constantly be
moved into and out of a cell.

A selectively permeable membrane allows some substances to cross the membrane more
easily than others.

Think of a window screen that allows air to pass through to your house, but not bugs.
Two types of movement in a cell
•
Passive Transport (requires NO energy)
– Diffusion
– Osmosis
– Facilitated Diffusion
•
Active Transport (requires energy)
Diffusion
•
Particles are constantly in motion
•
Diffusion is the net movement of particles of a substance from where they are in high
concentration to where they are in low concentration.
•
Molecules move faster at higher temperatures
•
Result of diffusion: equilibrium (balance) is reached.
•
Once equilibrium is reached, the molecules continue to move, but there is no overall change
Example of Diffusion
Dye
Diffuse Across A Membrane
Molecules
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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______
NOTES: Osmosis and Facilitated Diffusion (Concept 6.3b)
This is the note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)
Osmosis
•
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
•
All Cells are surrounded by water solutions
•
Solutions can either be
– Hypertonic
– Hypotonic, or
– Isotonic
•
This depends on the amount of dissolved substances in the solution compared to the
amount in the cell
Hypertonic
•
Concentration of solutes outside the cell is greater than inside the cell
– Net movement of water OUT of the cell
Hypotonic
•
Concentration of solute outside the cell is lower than inside the cell
– Net movement of water is INTO the cell
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
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Isotonic
•
Concentration of solutes are the same inside and outside the cell
– When cells are placed into an isotonic solution, water moves in and out of the cell at
equal rates…
– Therefore…there is NO net movement of water in an isotonic solution
Osmosis and Equilibrium
In the diagrams, the sugar cannot pass through the membrane to reach equilibrium, so the water
moves instead to make the two environments isotonic.
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Water Balance in Animal Cells
•
Put a cell in a hypertonic environment:
– Solution has more solutes than
the cell.
– The cell loses water to make it’s
solute concentration the same as
the solution
– The cell shrivels
•
Put a cell in a hypotonic environment:
– The cell has more solutes than
the solution
– The cell takes in water to make its solute concentration the same as the solution
– The cell expands
Water Balance in Plant Cells
•
The same happens in plant cells
as in animal cells except:
– Plant cells have sturdy cell
walls to help protect them
from bursting if they
become too full, or
shriveling too much.
– Wilting is a result of plants
being in isotonic or
hypertonic solutions.
– Plants must be in hypotonic solutions to survive (so they can get water into their
cells!)
Facilitated Diffusion
•
A type of transport in which proteins help (facilitate) the movement of molecules across the
membrane.
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Class: _________
CP2 Questions for Concept 6.3: Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules
DIFFUSION AND PASSIVE TRANSPORT
1. What is diffusion?
2. What does permeable mean?
3. What is equilibrium?
4. What is a selectively permeable membrane?
5. What is passive transport?
6. What is one example of a molecule that can pass through a cell membrane?
7. What is one example of a molecule that can NOT pass through a cell membrane easily?
8. What is facilitated diffusion?
9. What is the difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
OSMOSIS
10. What is osmosis?
11. What is the difference between a hypertonic and a hypotonic solution?
12. What is an isotonic solution?
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13. Draw a picture of what happens to an ANIMAL cell that has been put into a hypotonic
solution.
ANIMAL cell in an isotonic solution
ANIMAL cell in a hypotonic solution
14. Draw a picture of what happens to an ANIMAL cell that has been put into a hypertonic
solution.
ANIMAL cell in an isotonic solution
ANIMAL cell in a hypertonic solution
15. Draw a picture of what happens to a PLANT cell that has been put into a hypotonic solution.
(Hint: plant cell walls keep the cell from bursting or even over-filling!)
PLANT cell in an isotonic solution
PLANT cell in a hypotonic solution
16. Draw a picture of what happens to a PLANT cell that has been put into a hypertonic
solution.
PLANT cell in an isotonic solution
PLANT cell in a hypertonic solution
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17. Which cell could burst in a hypotonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?
18. Which cell could burst in a hypertonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?
19. Which cell could shrink in a hypotonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?
20. Which cell could shrink in a hypertonic solution: plant, animal, neither or both cells?
21. What type of environment is most healthy for an animal cell: hypotonic, hypertonic or
isotonic?
22. What type of environment is most healthy for a plant cell: hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
23. What is active transport?
24. What organelle does the energy for active transport come from?
25. What specific nutrient do some animal cells need to use active transport to get a lot of?
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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______
NOTES: Active Transport (6.3c)
This is the note document to go along with the PowerPoint (instead of handing out the slides)
Active Transport
•
Active Transport: when a cell uses energy to move molecules across a membrane.
•
The molecules are being pumped across the membrane to an area where they are in higher concentration.
•
The nutrients are pumped into the cell from the outside of the cell using energy called ATP.
•
Active Transport requires ATP
Transport channels in cell membrane (Diagrams)
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Differences between active and passive transport:
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Name: ______________________________________ Date: __________ Class: ____
Active Transport Practice Questions (some passive Q’s)
Look at the diagram and use the following terms to best complete each sentence. Each
word is only used once, and some words may not be used at all.
Active
higher
energy
passive
lower
1. This cell must expend __________ to bring
more particles inside it.
2. Particles are moving into this cell, where they
have a ____________ concentration
3. This cell must use ______________ transport to bring more particles inside of it.
Choose the best term and fill in the blank to correctly complete each sentence.
Active
diffusion
homeostasis
equilibrium
membrane
passive
protein
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cells use energy to move molecules by _____________________ transport.
Diffusion and osmosis are two kinds of ____________________ transport.
Some molecules are too large to pass through the cell ________________.
Cells must maintain a balance, called ________________________.
Molecules that are too large to pass through the cell membrane enter through a
__________________________.
9. Molecules that are in motion, but there is no longer net movement are in
___________________________.
Answer the questions below
10. Cells must be alive to use energy and do work. Does passive transport occur in a cell
that is dead? Why or why not?
11. Does active transport occur in a cell that is dead? Why or why not?
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Matching for 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 (Cell Membranes and Transport)
Matching
a. Eukaryote
b. diffusion
c. selectively permeable
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
____
9.
d: phosholipid bilayer
e. organelle
f. active transport
g. passive transport
h. equilibrium
i. prokaryote
movement of molecules in a cell in which no energy is used (not diffusion)
cell that does not have a nucleus and many organelles
balance of solutes and water in a cell
cell that contains a nucleus and many organelles
membrane around an organelle or cell
movement of molecules in a cell in which energy is used (not diffusion)
small part of a cell
movement of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less
concentrated (not active or passive transport)
some material are allowed to pass through, but others are not
Answer Section
MATCHING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
G
I
H
A
D
F
E
B
C
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Name: _________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: _______
NOTES: Cell Organelles (6.4 and 6.5)
1. The three main parts of a cell
• Boundary COLOR: BLUE
• Cytoplasm COLOR: YELLOW
• Nucleus: COLOR: RED
A
A
Organelle
Cell membrane
Is like a
Is like a …
Function of Organelle
Analogy
Because a cell membrane controls
what enters and leaves a cell, like a...
_______________________________ controls
__________
what enters and leaves a __________________.
A
Cell wall
Is like a …
Because a cell wall gives structure
and support to plant cells, like a…
_________________________ protects or gives
__________
A
Chloroplast
Is like a …
structure and support to __________________
Because a chloroplast is where
photosynthesis happens, like a …
______________________________________ is
__________
-
Chromatin
(chromosomes)
Are like a …
where ______________________ happens.
Because chromatin contains DNA,
like a…
______________________________________
__________
-
Cytoplasm
Are like a …
contains _____________________________
Because cytoplasm is what holds a
cell’s organelles in place, like a…
______________________________________is
__________
what holds _____________________in place.
An
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Is like a …
Because an endoplasmic reticulum is
what moves materials within the cell,
like a …
_________________________________is what
__________
moves materials __________________________
A
Golgi apparatus
Is like a …
__________
Because a golgi apparatus (body) is
what packages, stores and ships
materials for the cell, like a…
________________ is what packages, stores and
ships materials for
________________________________.
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A
-
Organelle
Lysosomes
Is like a
Are like a …
Function of Organelle
Because Lysosomes break down
materials in a cell, like a…
__________
-
Mitochondria
Are like a …
Analogy
______________________________________
break down ________________________.
Because mitochondria provide energy
for the cell, like a…
________________________________provides
__________
A
Nuclear membrane
Is like a …
energy for ___________________________
Because a nuclear membrane
controls what enters and leaves a
nucleus, like a…
__________
A
Nucleolus
Is like a …
______________________________ controls
what enters and leaves ____________________.
Because a nucleolus makes
ribosomes, like a …
______________________________________
__________
makes _____________________________
A
Nucleus
Is like a …
Because a nucleus is the control
center of the cell, like a…
______________________________________is
__________
the control center of ____________________
-
Ribosomes
Are like a …
Because ribosomes make proteins,
like a…
______________________________________
__________
makes ________________________
A
Vacuole
Is like a …
Because a vacuole stores food and
water, like a …
______________________________________
__________
stores ___________________________
Cilia
Is like a …
Because
__________
______________________________________
______________________________________
A
Flagella
Is like a …
Because
______________________________________
__________
______________________________________
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Name: _______________________________________ Date: _____________ Class: __________
Questions for 6.4: The cell builds a diversity of products AND
Questions for 6.5: Chloroplasts and mitochondria energize cells
1. DNA + proteins = long fibers called __________________________
2. What is the nuclear envelope?
3. What is found inside the nucleus besides the DNA? What does this structure do?
4. What does the DNA contain instructions for making?
5. What organelle makes proteins?
6. What are ribosomes made of?
7. What is the main “manufacturing and transportation facility” in the cell?
8. What causes the difference in appearance between the rough ER and smooth ER?
9. What does the Golgi apparatus (Golgi body) do?
10. List four functions of vacuoles:
11. What do lysosomes contain?
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12. Give two specific examples of what lysosomes do.
13. What is photosynthesis?
14. What types of organisms perform photosynthesis?
15. What is the organelle that photosynthesis is performed in?
16. What do the solar “power packs” of chloroplasts do?
17. What do organisms obtain through cellular respiration?
18. What do mitochondria do?
19. Cellular respiration releases __________________________ from sugars and other molecules
and uses it in the formation of ________________.
20. What types of organisms are mitochondria found in?
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Name: _____________________________________ Date: _________________ Class: _________
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells (Elodea and Human Cheek)
Objective: to observe plant and animal cells
Materials:
Dissecting needle / forceps
Medicine dropper
Water
Elodea leaf
Microscope
Microscope slide (2)
Coverslip (2)
Toothpick
Lab apron
Safety goggles
Safety: put on a laboratory apron and safety goggles.
Procedure:
Part A: Examining Plant Cells
1. Gather your materials (above)
2. Prepare a slide of an Elodea leaf. Use the dissecting needle or forceps to place the specimen
on the slide, if needed.
3. Using the scanning power, locate the Elodea leaf under the microscope. Turn the coarse
adjustment knob until the leaf comes into focus.
4. Switch to the low power objective lens and focus on the specimen by using the coarse and
then fine adjustment knobs.
5. Switch to the high power objective lens and using the fine adjustment, focus on the
specimen. (Remember, DO NOT use the coarse adjustment knob at this point)
6. Observe the cells of the Elodea leaf.
7. Draw what you see (on high power) in the appropriate place in the “observations” section
below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.
8. Label the following on your diagram: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus
Part B: Examining Animal Cells (alternative method for obtaining cells listed below)
9. Put a drop of methylene blue on a slide. Caution: methylene blue will stain clothes and skin.
10. Gently scrape the inside of your cheek with the flat side of a toothpick. Scrape lightly.
11. Stir the end of the toothpick in the stain and throw the toothpick away immediately.
12. Place a coverslip on the slide.
13. Using the scanning objective, locate the specimen under the microscope. Turn the coarse
adjustment knob until the specimen comes into focus.
14. Draw what you see (on scanning power) in the appropriate place in the “observations”
section below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.
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15. Switch to low power. The cells should be visible, but they will be small and look like nearly
clear purple blobs. If you are looking at something dark purple, it is probably not a cell.
16. Draw what you see (on low power) in the appropriate place in the “observations” section
below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.
17. Once you think you have located a cell, move the slide until the cell is in the direct center of
the view.
18. Switch to the high power objective lens and using the fine adjustment, focus on the cells.
(Remember, DO NOT use the coarse adjustment knob at this point)
19. Draw what you see (on high power) in the appropriate place in the “observations” section
below. Record the magnification of the microscope. Draw your cells to scale.
20. Label the following on your diagram: cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm
Alternative to Part B: Use skin cells from your wrist instead of your mouth)
21. Wash the underside of a wrist that will be sampled for epidermal cells with soap and water.
22. Stick a clean piece of clear tape on the underside of the washed wrist.
23. Gently remove the piece of tape from the wrist being careful to avoid getting fingerprints on the
tape. Forceps might help to remove the tape and avoid fingerprinting the tape.
24. Place the tape, sticky-side up, on a clean microscope slide.
25. Stain the top, sticky side of the tape with 2 or 3 drops of 1% methylene blue solution.
26. Use a dissecting needle to gently place a cover slip over the sticky tape. Lower the coverslip down
onto the tape and then remove the dissecting needle. This should help prevent staining your
fingers. Caution: Use methylene blue carefully. It will stain most items including skin, clothing,
and table tops.
27. Examine the slide under a microscope. Look for cells using the procedure above (#13 and after).
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Observations:
Elodea leaf:
High Power
Magnification _________
Human cheek cells:
Scanning Power
Magnification _________
Cell Part
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Low Power
Magnification _________
Present in Elodea Cell?
High Power
Magnification _________
Present in Cheek Cell?
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Analysis and Conclusion:
1. How are plant and animal cells similar in structure?
2. How are plant and animal cells different in structure?
3. Why is methylene blue necessary for the animal cell preparation?
4. List two organelles that were NOT visible but should have been in the cheek cell.
5. Is the cheek cell a eukaryote or a prokaryote? How can you tell?
6. The mouth is the first site of chemical digestion of carbohydrates in a human. Your saliva starts
the process of breaking down the food that you eat. Keeping this in mind, what organelle do you
think would be numerous inside the cells of your mouth?
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Cell Organelle Matching
Match the following organelles to their functions
a
.
b
.
c
.
d
.
e
.
f
.
g
.
a. cell membrane
b. cell wall
c. chloroplast
d. chromosome
e. vacuole
f. cytoplasm
g. endoplasmic reticulum
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
____
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
h
.
i
.
j
.
k
.
l
.
m
.
n
.
h. ribosome
i. golgi apparatus
j. lysosome
k. mitochondria
l. nucleus
m. nuclear membrane
n. nucleolus
provide energy for the cell
move materials within the cell
hold / organize DNA
control center of the cell
contain enzymes that break down materials in the cell
make proteins
substance in cell that holds all the organelles in place
packages, stores and ships chemicals throughout the cell
protective coating that regulates what enters and leaves the nucleus
protects and gives structure to the plant cell
selectively permeable barrier between the cell and its environment
structure in nucleus that helps make ribosomes
site of photosynthesis
storage of food, water, and minerals
Cell Organelle Matching Answer Section
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
K
G
D
L
J
H
F
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
I
M
B
A
N
C
E
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