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Basal Ganglia William F. Huber, D.C., D.C.B.C.N., M.S. (R) Compiled and edited by Marissa Holmes, B.A. BASAL GANGLIA BASAL GANGLIA BASAL GANGLIA Frontal Pole Lateral ventricle – anterior horn Lateral fissure Third ventricle Lateral ventricle – posterior horn INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CAPSULES Internal capsule: Anterior limb External capsule Genu Posterior limb BASAL GANGLIA Caudate nucleushead Putamen Globus pallidus lateral segment Globus pallidusmedial segment Caudate nucleustail Thalamus BASAL GANGLIA BASAL GANGLIA Caudate nucleus Thalamus Putamen Globus pallidus Internal capsule – Posterior limb BASAL GANGLIA Thalamic fasciculus Zona incerta Lenticular fasciculus Subthalamic nucleus SUBSTANTIA NIGRA Substantia nigra: Compact Reticular SUBSTANTIA NIGRA Compact Reticular BASAL GANGLIA BASAL GANGLIA Caudate nucleus Internal capsule Putamen Globus Pallidus: Lateral Medial BASAL GANGLIA Caudate nucleus Internal capsule Thalamus Putamen Globus pallidus, lateral Globus pallidus, medial Excitatory Inhibitory INDIRECT PATHWAY Glutamate Cerebral cortex Glutamate Striatum Dopamine Compact nigra Reticular nigra Glutamate Subthalamic nucleus GABA GABA Glutamate GABA Glutamate Lateral pallidum Medial pallidum GABA Ventral anterior nucleus GABA Lower motor neurons Excitatory Inhibitory DIRECT PATHWAY Glutamate Cerebral cortex Glutamate Striatum Dopamine Compact nigra Reticular nigra GABA Lateral pallidum Subthalamic nucleus Medial pallidum GABA GABA Ventral anterior nucleus GABA Lower motor neurons SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS LESION Cerebral cortex Striatum Compact nigra Reticular nigra Subthalamic nucleus Lateral pallidum Medial pallidum Ventral anterior nucleus Lower motor neurons HUNTINGTON DISEASE Cerebral cortex Striatum Compact nigra Reticular nigra Subthalamic nucleus Lateral pallidum Medial pallidum Ventral anterior nucleus Lower motor neurons PARKINSON DISEASE (Indirect Path) Cerebral cortex Striatum Compact nigra Reticular nigra Subthalamic nucleus Lateral pallidum Medial pallidum Ventral anterior nucleus Lower motor neurons PARKINSON DISEASE (Direct Path) Cerebral cortex Striatum Compact nigra Reticular nigra Subthalamic nucleus Lateral pallidum Medial pallidum Ventral anterior nucleus Lower motor neurons
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