Download Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation Outline

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Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation Outline
I. AN OVERVIEW OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (p. 2)
A. Anatomy (p. 2)
B. Physiology (p. 2)
C. Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology (p. 2)
II. LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (pp. 2-7)
A. From Atoms to Organisms (pp. 2-3) (Describe 6 levels of organization: simple to complex)
1. Chemical Level
2. Cellular Level
3. Tissue Level
4. Organ Level
5. Organ System Level
6. Organismal Level
B. Organ System Overview (pp. 3-7) (Identify the general functions of the 11 organ systems)
1. Integumentary System
2. Skeletal System
3. Muscular System
4. Nervous System
5. Endocrine System
6. Cardiovascular System
7. Lymphatic System
8. Respiratory System
9. Digestive System
10. Urinary System
11. Reproductive System
III. MAINTAINING LIFE (pp. 7-9)
A. Necessary Life Functions (pp. 7-9) (describe major characteristics of living organisms)
1. Maintaining Boundaries
2. Movement
3. Responsiveness (irritability)
4. Digestion
5. Metabolism
6. Excretion
7. Reproduction
8. Growth
B. Survival Needs (p. 9) (describe the basic needs of humans)
1. Nutrients (food)
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Body Temperature
5. Atmospheric Pressure
IV. HOMEOSTASIS (pp. 9-11)
A. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms (p. 10-11) (describe feedback regulatory system)
1. Receptor
2. Control Center
3. Effector
4. Negative Feedback Mechanisms
5. Positive Feedback mechanisms
B. Homeostatic Imbalance (p. 11) (describe homeostasis & its imp. in humans)
V. THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY (pp. 11-20)
A. Anatomical Position (p. 11) (describe the anatomical position)
B. Regional Terms (pp. 12-13)
1. Anterior Body Landmarks
a. Abdominal
b. Acromial
c. Antecubital
d. Axillary
e. Brachial
f. Buccal
g. Carpal
h. Cervical
i. Coxal
j. Crural
k. Digital
l. Femoral
m. Fibular
n. Inguinal
o. Nasal
p. Oral
q. Orbital
r. Patellar
s. Pelvic
t. Pubic
u. Sternal
v. Tarsal
w. Thoracic
x. Umbilical
B. Regional Terms (pp. 12-13)
2. Posterior Body Landmarks
a. Calcaneal
b. Cephalic
c. Deltoid
d. Femoral
e. Gluteal
f. Lumbar
g. Occipital
h. Olecranal
i. Popliteal
j. Sacral
k. Scapular
l. Sural
m. Vertebral
C. Directional Terms (p. 13; Table 1.1) (describe locations of major body structures using
1. Superior
proper directional terminology)
2. Inferior
3. Anterior (Ventral)
4. Posterior (Dorsal)
5. Medial
6. Lateral
7. Intermediate
8. Proximal
9. Distal
10. Superficial
11. Deep
C. Body Planes and Sections (p. 13 & 17; Figure 1.6)
1. Sagittal
2. Frontal
3. Transverse
E. Body Cavities (pp. 17-18; Figure 1.8) (identify major body cavities & structures)
1. Dorsal Body Cavity
a. Cranial Cavity
b. Spinal Cavity
2. Ventral Body Cavity
a. Thoracic Cavity
b. Diaphragm
c. Mediastinum
d. Abdominopelvic Cavity
2. Ventral Body Cavity
d. Abdominopelvic Cavity
i. Superior Abdominal Cavity
ii. Inferior Pelvic Cavity
iii. Abdominopelvic Quadrants - 4
(1) Right Upper Quadrant
(2) Right Lower Quadrant
(3) Left Upper Quadrant
(4) Left Lower Quadrant
iv. Abdominopelvic Regions - 9
(1) Umbilical Region
(2) Epigastric Region
(3) Hypogastric (Pubic) Region
(4) Right Iliac (inguinal) Region
(5) Left Iliac (inguinal) Region
(6) Right Lumbar Region
(7) Left Lumbar Region
(8) Right Hypochondriac Region
(9) Left Hypochondriac Region