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Study Guides for BIO308/508 – Comparative Anatomy
Lecture 18
Axial Muscles
Objectives:
1. Know actions of skeletal muscles on handout
2. Know the three groups of skeletal muscles.
3. Understand the evolutionary trends in axial muscles, specifically the individual
trends in epaxial and hypaxial muscles.
Text Reading:
Chapter 10 (pgs. 321-322, 327-330, 337-342)
Keywords:
Extension, flexion, abduction, adduction, protraction, retraction, levation, depression,
rotation, supination, pronation, constriction, dilation, myotome, lateral plate mesoderm,
segmentation, myosepta, myomere, axial muscle group, appendicular muscle group,
branchiomeric and hypobranchial muscle group, horizontal skeletal septum, epaxial
muscle, hypaxial muscle, dorsal ramus of spinal nerve, ventral ramus of spinal nerve,
dorsalis trunci, diaphragm, phrenic nerve
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