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Mid Term Topics 2011 Chapter 1 Environmental science Ecosystem Agricultural Middle Diverse South Dry west Industrial Northeast Forested West Wilderness North Wilderness The major resources of the Great Lakes and Northeast is: Economics factors should be considered when: Second growth timber refers to: Chapter 2 Cultural ethics Cultural dimorphism Cultural relativism Ecocentrism Environmental anthropocentrism Environmental justice Ethics Industries pollution Resource exploitation World food production Chapter 3 Demand External costs Negligible risk Probability Risk Risk assessment Risk management Risk tolerance Supply/demand curve Subsidy Sustainable development Activities is associated with the greatest approximate lifetime risk of death. Pollution cost Cost-benefit analysis Risk analysis Chapter 5 Abiotic Biomass Biotic Carbon cycle Coevolution. Competitive Exclusion Principle Commensal organisms Community Decomposers. Denitrifying bacteria Ecology. Ectoparasite Endoparasite Evolution. Extinction Food chains Food web Genetic variation Habitat Herbivore Interspecific competition Intraspecific competition Limiting factor Mutualistic relationship Mutualism. Natural selection Niche Nitrogen-fixing bacteria Nitrogen cycle Omnivore Primary Consumer Producer Scavenger Secondary consumer Species. Symbiotic relationships Trophic levels Use of fertilizers and nutrient cycles Chapter 6 Succession Steps to primary succession on land Steps to primary succession from pond to wet meadow Secondary succession on land Desert, grassland, savanna, chaparral, tropical dry forrest, tropical rain forest, temperate deciduous, taiga and tundra. Pelagic Benthic Estuary Chapters 7 and 8 Age distribution AIDS Carrying capacity China and India Countries with low population growth Current (2004) human population Demography Dispersal Ecological footprint Ecological impact Emigration Expected population (2060) Exponential growth. Factors that cause population growth Family planning Five factors that appear to interrelate poverty, poor healthy and lack of education with high birth rate. Immigration India Lag phase. Limiting factors One child campaign Poorer countries and population Population density/ estimation Population growth Replacement fertility Sterilization Total fertility rate Zero population growth History of Energy consumption (9) The controlled use of fire was the first use of energy in a form other than what source? The hunter gatherer society used what forms of energy? What forms of energy are required for animal power? What caused the shift from using wood as a source of fuel to coal? How was oil used during the first 60 years of production? What energy source was required in order for a nation to participate in the Industrial Revolution? Which country has the highest per capita energy use for transportation? Prepare the correct historical sequence of fuel use in the U.S. from 1800 to the present for the following: coal, gas, wood and oil. What is OPEC? Compare and contrast energy sources used for cooking in modern America and Africa. Chapter 10: Coal Gas Wind Biomass Nuclear Oil Hydroelectric Geothermal Solar Tidal What is it? Where would you find it? For instance hydroelectric is probable not located in a desert area. How is it made? For instance coal has at least three ways of being mined. What percentage of world uses it? What percentage of US uses it? What are the risks? To people To environment What are the benefits? To people To environment Is it renewable? What is the predicted future impact of this source by 2030?