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Texas History
Land of Contrast
Chapter 1
Coach Fletcher
Five Themes Of Geography
1. Location
2. Place & Regions
3. Human
Environment
Interaction
4. Human Systems
Movement
5. Physical Systems
1. Location- where is the place
Two types of Locations:
A. Absolute Locationrefers to the exact
position of a place on
Earth’s surface
B. Relative Location- is a
position of a place in
relation to another place
2. Place and Regions
A. Place- refers to those
features and
characteristics that
give an area its own
identity or personality
B. Regions- are areas that
are united by one or
more common
characteristics
3. Human & Environment
Interaction
A. The relationship of
humans on the
environment. (Ex.
Cutting trees down)
B. The relationship of
the environment on
humans. (ex. The
type of soil)
4. Human SystemsMovement
A. How people move
around
B. Where and why
people settle in
certain areas.
C. Movement of
Ideas and
Concepts
5. Physical Systems
A. Why is the land shaped the
way it is.
B. Why do some areas have
mountains, deserts,
water…weather.
Texas is BIG!!
• Texas covers 266,807 square miles.
• Among the 50 states only Alaska is
bigger than Texas
• Texas is twice the size of Japan and
five times the size of England.
• A person can drive in a straight line
from the Panhandle going south for
about 800 miles.
The Diverse Texas Environment
There are several different physical
environments located across Texas.
1. Prairies
2. Mountains
3. Deserts
4. Rolling Hills
5. Pine Forests
6. Swamps
7. Beaches
Where is Texas Located
• Texas is in the Northern Hemisphere
• Texas is in North America
Borders around Texas
• North- Oklahoma
• East- Arkansas , Oklahoma and
Louisiana
• South- Mexico (country)
• West- New Mexico
• Southeast- Gulf of Mexico
Key Terms
• Plain- landform that is generally level
• Barrier Island- long thin strip of land
covered with sand dunes
• Escarpment- long cliff
• Fault- a weak part of the Earth’s crust
• Plateau- tableland covered with small trees and
bushes
Key Terms
• Aquifers- underground water reservoirs
• Savanna- grassland with scattered trees
and drought resistant undergrowth
• Grasslands- An area where the natural
vegetations is grass
Texas Major Water Resources
Water demands are increasing daily, and there
are very few new water resources being
developed today.
The Gulf of Mexico is a major water resource
of Texas.
The Gulf provides for fishing, boating,
moisture, and transportation for Texas.
Rivers of Texas
There are over 40 rivers and 11,000 streams
in Texas.
Major Rivers in Texas:
1. Rio Grande 2. Pecos 3. Nueces
4. Colorado
5. Brazos 6. Trinity
7. Neches
8. Sabine 9. Canadian
10. Guadalupe 11. Red
Rivers of Texas
There are three major river systems in
Texas, in which all rivers empty into.
1. Mississippi Valley
2. Gulf of Mexico
3. Rio Grande
Eventually every river in Texas
empties into the Gulf of Mexico.
Rivers of Texas
Longest- Rio Grande, 1,885 miles
Shortest- Comal, 2.5 miles
Lakes or Reservoirs
Reservoirs are man made lakes.
Many lakes and reservoirs are used
for a source of water to towns and farms.
Comal River- New Braunfels
World’s Shortest River by Guinness Book
of World Records
Underground Water Resource
Aquifers- a lot of
water lies in
natural rocks,
sand, and ground
In Texas there are
seven aquifers.
Most known are the
Ogallala and the
Edwards Aquifer.
Edward’s Aquifer @ Barton Springs, Austin Tx.
Texas Vegetation Regions
There are three vegetation regions in Texas:
1. Forests- Eastern Texas
2. Savannas- West Texas (Panhandle)
3. Grasslands- Central Texas (Dallas to San
Antonio, Houston Area)
Texas Energy Production
Main minerals in Texas are:
1. Petroleum
2. Natural gas
3. Coal
4. Gypsum
5. Gravel
6. Granite
Texas Climate
There is a saying in Texas, “If you don’t
like the weather, just wait a minute;
it’ll change.”
Climate is patterns of weather over a
long period of time.
Three elements of climate:
1. Wind direction
2. Temperature
3. Precipitation
Texas Climate
Because Texas is so large it can experience many
different temperatures in a single day.
East Texas gets warm moist air from the Gulf
Southwest Texas gets hot dry air from Mexico
Panhandle gets most weather from northern
fronts called northers. Which can cause a large
decrease in temperature.
Texas Climate
In general, east Texas gets more rain.
Average- West Texas gets 8-15” per year
East Texas gets 40-45” per year
Panhandle of Texas gets most snow each
year.
In 1956, Amarillo had more than 30
inches of snow.
Severe Weather
Includes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Tornadoes
Hurricanes
Blizzards
Floods
Droughts
Tornadoe and Hurricane
White Out- Blizzard
Floods and Droughts
The End