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MIT S.D. B.Ed College, Alandi
Presents
Bio-Diversity
(Std IX)
By
Mala Giri
Roll-59
Introduction To Biodiversity
What is Biodiversity???
 Biological diversity
 Simply means the
diversity, or variety, of
plants and animals and
other living things in a
particular area or region
 Also means the number,
or abundance of different
species living within a
particular region
Okay, So Why Is It Important?
 Everything that lives in an ecosystem is part of the web of
life, including humans
 Each species of vegetation and each creature has a place
on the earth and plays a vital role in the circle of life
 Plant, animal, and insect species interact and depend
upon one another for what each offers, such as food,
shelter, oxygen, and soil enrichment
 "It is reckless to suppose that biodiversity can be
diminished indefinitely without threatening humanity
itself." -Edward O. Wilson (Father of Biodiversity)
Early Classification
 To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system
to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
 The field of Biology that deals with classifying organisms is called
Taxonomy.
 Carolus Linnaeus is the father of Modern Taxonomy (1700’s)
 Linnaeus is considered the founder of
the binomial system of nomenclature
and the originator of modern
scientific classification of plants and
animals
Hierarchy
System Of Classification
Hierarchy
Ranking System
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How do Scientist
Classify organisms?
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Early systems of classification grouped organisms together
bases on visible similarities.
That can quickly lead to troubles….
Biologist now group organisms into categories that
represent lines of evolutionary descent, or phylogeny, not
just physical similarities.
Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but
not in its older members are called derived characters.
This concept was derived from Darwin.
How do Scientist
Classify organisms?
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Similarities at the DNA level in the genes of organisms can
be used to help determine classification.
Comparisons of DNA can also be used to mark the passage
of evolutionary time. A model known as a molecular clock
uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that
two species have been evolving independently.
 1. Eubacteria- (Bacteria)
 2. Archaebacteria-
(Bacteria)
 2. Protists- (Amoeba)
 3. Fungi- (Mushrooms)
 4. Plants- (Trees)
 5. Animal- (Mammals)
There are 3 components of biodiversity
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Variety of ecosystems
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Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers are all Freshwater Ecosystems.
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Rocky coast, Sand Dune, Estuary, Salt Marsh , Coral Reef are all Marine Ecosystems.
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So what’s an ECOSYSTEM???
Biomes
 Large areas
(ecosystems) with the
same type of climax
community
 Biomes located on land
are called terrestrial
 Those located in
oceans, lakes, streams,
or ponds are called
aquatic
Biomes
 Terrestrial biomes
include (out of your
book) Tundra, Taiga,
Desert, Grassland,
Deciduous Forest, and
Tropical Rain Forest
 Other Biomes Savannah,
Chaparral, Mountain
Zones, etc
Biomes
Tundra
 Treeless land.
 Short soggy summers;
long, cold, dark winters
 Strong winds
 Temperature never rises
above freezing for long.
Tundra
 PermafrostPermanently frozen
subsoil
 Only topmost layer of
soil thaws during the
summer
 Poorly developed soil
 Grasses, shallow-rooted
plants
Tundra
 Mosses, lichens, sedges,
bearberry, and short
grasses
 Waterfowl, musk ox,
arctic foxes, caribou,
lemmings
Tundra
 Bearberry is a common
plant that can be found
in the Tundra.
 This is in the warm
season.
Taiga
 Circles the North Pole
 Land of mixed pine, fir,
hemlock, and spruce
trees
 Warmer and wetter than
Tundra
 Bears, elk, deer, beavers,
owls, bobcats
 Mild
Taiga
temperatures
 Abundant
precipitation
during fall winter
and spring
 Relatively cool dry
summer
 Rocky
 Acidic soils
Desert
 Arid region with sparse
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plant life
Occupy about 1/5 of the
Earth’s surface.
Little and unpredictable
rainfall..usually 50 cm of
rain or less annually
Cold and hot deserts exist
Ex: Desert Tortoise,
Diamondback Rattlesnake,
Cactus, Aloe
Desert
 Deserts may be found throughout the world…Sahara of
North Africa, southwestern U.S., Mexico, and Australia as
well as in the basin and range area of Utah and Nevada and
in parts of western Asia.
Temperate Grasslands
 Between 25 and 75 cm of
precipitation annually
 Large communities
covered with grasses and
similar small plants
 Occupies more area than
any other biome
 Ex:
Temperate Grasslands
Savanna
 Grassland with scattered
trees.
 Frequent fires, large
mammals.
 Many small animals are
dormant during dry
period.
Savanna
 3 distinct seasons:
 cool and dry
 hot and dry
 warm and wet.
 Soils are poor.
Temperate Deciduous
Forest
 Broad-leaved hardwood
trees that loose their
foliage
 Ex: Deer, Bears, Oaks,
Maples, Salamanders
Temperate Deciduous
Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Should we be concerned about
biodiversity?
What we know:
The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate
 Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per
hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each
year.
 when species of plants and animals go extinct, many
other species are affected.
Threats to biodiversity
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Habitat destruction
Pollution
Species Introductions
Global Climate Change
Exploitation
GOALS OF CONVENTION
ON BIODIVERSITY
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“The conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable
use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing
of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic
resources”
“Biodiversity is a common concern of humankind and
an integral part of the development process”
• > 100,000 plant/animal species lost in last 5 years
• Habitat loss is biggest current threat to biodiversity
• Deforestation and forest degradation has increased
since the Rio Earth Summit
THANK YOU