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Some of these slides are based on material from the ACM Computing Curricula 2005
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Science?
◦ Do computer scientists do experiments?
(hypothesis, test, evaluate)
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Art?
◦ Are there creative elements in computer science?
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Engineering?
◦ Do computer scientists build things?
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Math?
◦ Abstraction?
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A combination of some or all of these?
Something else?
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Theory?
Practice?
Infrastructure?
Configuration?
Development?
Management?
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Systems?
Applications?
People?
Hardware?
Software?
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Talk to clients and each other
Build systems (hardware and software)
Research possible approaches, tools
Gather requirements for a system
Analyze requirements
Develop test cases for a system
Design solution systems
Design interfaces
Implement solution systems
Integrate systems
Maintain systems (bug fixes, enhancements)
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Association of Computing Machinery (ACM)
has defined several versions of Computing
Curricula
CC 2005 lists 5 sub-areas of computing:
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Computer Science
Computer Engineering
Information Systems
Information Technology
Software Engineering
http://www.acm.org/education/education/cu
rric_vols/CC2005-March06Final.pdf
From CC 2005
From CC 2005
From CC 2005
From CC 2005
From CC 2005
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When was the computer invented?
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When was the computer invented?
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Depends on what you mean by “computer”…
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Bones, other objects for counting – B.C.
Abacus (counting and calculating) – 3rd century
A.D.
John Napier’s logarithmic tables, slide rule –
1600’s
Blaise Pascal’s machine (addition) – 1640’s
Gottfried Leibniz’s mechanical calculator – 1673
Joseph Jacquard’s loom (punched metal cards) 1804
Charles Babbage
◦ Difference Engine (specialized) designed – 1820’s
◦ Analytical Engine (generalized) designed – 1830’s
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“Mill” – processor
“Store” – memory
Also, concepts of:
◦ Input and output
◦ Generalized program execution
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“We may say most aptly that the Analytical
Engine weaves algebraical patterns just as the
Jacquard-loom weaves flowers and leaves” –
Ada, Countess of Lovelace
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Herman Hollerith, statistical tabulator for the U.S. Census
Bureau, using paper punch cards for data – 1890
◦ Later created company named International Business Machines
Corporation
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Quiet period until 1940’s
Mark 1 – mathematical computer with electro-mechanical
relays, 1943
John von Neumann – computer design with input, output,
memory, control, and arithmetic/logic unit, 1945
ENIAC, built by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly – first
large-scale electronic (vacuum tubes) digital computer,
1946
First transistor – John Bardeen, William Shockley, and
Walter Brattain, 1947
UNIVAC, first commercial computer, sold in 1951
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1940s and early 1950’s – 1st Generation (vacuum
tubes, very large systems, programming in
machine language)
1956-1963 – 2nd Generation (transistors, large
systems, assembly language)
1964-1971 – 3rd generation (integrated circuits,
high level languages (e.g. FORTRAN, C)
1971 – present – 4th generation
(microprocessors, new high level languages (e.g.
C++, Java, C#) plus 4GL’s (e.g. Structured Query
Language for database systems)