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OBJECTIVE REVIEW FROM CHAPTER 8 – Answer Key
Organic Compounds (p. 297)
1. What is an organic compound?
Compounds that contain carbon.
2. List 3 organic compounds that have been created from living things.
Wool, cotton, wood, silk, paper, natural gas…
3. List 3 organic compounds that have been produced artificially.
Gasoline, fleece, plastics, shampoo, detergent, cosmetics…
4. Why are most organic compounds liquids or gases at room temperature?
Low melting/boiling point
5. What are some similar properties of organic compounds?
Similar melting point (low), boiling point (low), strong odor, electrical
conductivity (do not conduct), and solubility, do not dissolve in water.
Hydrocarbons (p. 298)
1. What is the simplest organic compound called?
Hydrocarbons
2. Define Hydrocarbon.
Compound containing H and C
3. Give 3 examples of hydrocarbons.
Methane, propane, butane, and gasoline
4. Identify two properties of hydrocarbons.
Flammable and mix poorly with water
5. How do hydrocarbon compounds differ?
Number of C and H atoms in each molecule
6. Compare the chemical formulas of 2 hydrocarbon molecules.
C2H6, C3H8, and CH4
Structure of Hydrocarbons (p. 299-300)
1. What are the 3 type of structures hydrocarbons exist as?
Straight, branched, ring
2. Review and explain structural formula.
Way of writing a substance through elements and subscripts; shows the kind,
number, and arrangement of atoms in molecule
3. Compare the structural formula of methane, ethane & propane.
Figure 8
4. What are isomers?
Compounds that have same chemical formula but different structural formulas
(they have different melting/boiling points)
5. Explain the difference between butane and isobutane.
Butane: straight, Isobutane: branched
Structure of Hydrocarbons (cont. p. 301)
1. Review and explain how structural formulas represent a double or a triple bond.
C=C, C(triple bond)C
2. Describe the difference between saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Saturated – single bond, Unsaturated – double/triple bond
3. How does a suffix help determine if a hydrocarbon is unsaturated or saturated?
Ane – Saturated, Ene/Yne – Unsaturated
4. What does ethene gas help do.
Helps many fruits ripen
5. Complete skill activity on p. 301.
1) C2H6
2) C3H8
3) C4H10
4) C2H4
5) C2H2
6) C3H4
Substituted Hydrocarbons (p. 302-303)
1. What are substituted hydrocarbons?
When one atom of another element is substituted for an H atom in a hydrocarbon
2. Name the 3 categories of substituted hydrocarbons.
Halogen containing compounds, alcohol, and organic acids
3. List the elements that make up the halogen family.
F, Cl, Br, I, and At
4. What are 2 hazardous substituted hydrocarbons that contain halogen?
Freon (CCl2F2) and Trichloroethane (C2H3Cl3)
5. What is a hydroxyl group?
OH which substitutes H
6. Explain how an alcohol is considered a substituted hydrocarbon.
Contains one or more hydroxyl groups
7. Give 2 properties of an alcohol.
Higher boiling point than hydrocarbon, dissolves well in H2O
8. List a few uses for ethanol.
 Produced by yeast or bacteria on sugar of corn, wheat, barley
 Good solvent for things that don’t dissolve in H20
 Added to gasoline
 Used in medicine and found in alcoholic beverages
Organic, Acids, Esters & Polymers (p. 303-304)
1. What is an organic acid?
Substituted hydrocarbon containing one or more carboxyl groups
2. How do you write a carboxyl group?
COOH
3. Name some food you can find organic acids in.
Vinegar, apples
4. What is an ester?
Compound created by combining an alcohol and organic acid
5. Why do strawberries give off a pleasant odor?
Contains an ester
6. Described the difference between monomers and polymers.
Smaller molecules – monomers, polymer – very large molecule chain of many
smaller molecules
7. How is a synthetic polymer different than a polymer?
Synthetic – made in factories, regular – living things
Carbohydrates (p. 317)
1. What is a carbohydrate?
Energy rich organic compounds made of C, H, O
2. List the three elements that are in a carbohydrate.
C, H, O
3. Provide the chemical formula of glucose.
C6H12O6
4. List foods that have sucrose and provide the chemical formula of sucrose.
Cookies, candy, soft drinks; C12H22011
5. What are the simplest carbohydrates?
Sugars
Complex Carbohydrates (p. 318)
1. Describe a complex carbohydrate.
Polymer made of simple carbohydrates
2. Restate the definition of a polymer.
Large molecule made of smaller molecules
3. List the two complex carbohydrates assembled from glucose molecules.
Starch, cellulose
4. How does the body digest starch?
Through chemical reactions during digestion
5. Name some foods that contain starch.
Bread, cereal, pasta, rice, potato
6. Why can the body not use cellulose as an energy source and why is cellulose
important for the body?
Can’t break down into individual glucose molecules. Healthy for you to keep
digestive tract active.
Proteins (p. 319)
1. Where are proteins found in the body?
Muscles, hair, skin, and finger nails
2. What is a protein?
Polymers formed from amino acids
3. Draw and explain two different structures of amino acids.
Alanine and Serine (Page 319)
4. Protein can be found in what foods?
Meat, eggs, fish, milk, and milk products
5. How does the body process proteins?
Use proteins to build and repair body parts and to regulate cell activities
Lipids (p. 320)
1. What are lipids? Give examples.
Energy rich compounds made of C, O, and H; Fats, oils, and waxes
2. What is the difference between fats and oils? How are they similar?
Fats – Solid at room temperature, Oil – liquid at room temperature. Three fatty
acids and alcohol (glycerol)
3. Describe “saturated” and “unsaturated” oils and fats. What is the main difference?
Saturated – single, unsaturated – double
4. Why does the body need cholesterol?
Build cell structures and form compounds that serve as chemical messengers
Nucleic Acids (p. 321-322)
1. What is a nucleic acid made from?
Large organic compounds made of C, H, N, P, O
2. What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA, RNA
3. What are nucleic acids composed of?
Nucleotides
4. Why are living things different?
Order of nucleotides in their DNA strand
5. How do living things pass on DNA?
When they reproduce