Download Chemistry Problem Solving Drill

Human Anatomy and Physiology - Problem Drill 08: The Appendicular Skeleton and the
Articulations
Question No. 1 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
Which of the following statements about the appendicular system is correct?
Question #01
A. The appendicular system is one of three major divisions of the human skeletal system.
B. The hip bones and the coccyx are part of the appendicular skeleton.
C. The bones of the wrist are not part of the appendicular skeleton.
D. The appendicular skeleton is the only division of the skeletal system that contains phalange bones.
E. None of the answers are correct.
A. Incorrect!
The appendicular skeleton is one of two major divisions of the human skeletal system, along with the
axial skeleton.
B. Incorrect!
The hip bones are part of the appendicular skeleton; however, the coccyx is part of the axial skeleton.
C. Incorrect!
The bones of the wrist are part of the appendicular skeleton.
Feedback
D. Correct!
The phalange bones are in the hand and foot, both of which are part of the appendicular skeleton.
E. Incorrect!
One of the answers is correct.
The human skeletal system is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The
appendicular skeleton facilitates human movements, such as walking and sitting down. The appendicular
skeleton is made up of supports, known as the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, and the bones of the upper
and lower extremities.
Solution
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Question No. 2 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
Which of the following statements about the bone labeled in the image below is correct?
A
Question #02
A. The bone labelled in the image is part of the upper extremity or limb.
B. The bone labelled in the image has two major processes: coracoid process and the acromion.
C. The clavicle is the bone labelled in the image.
D. This bone is one of four bones in the pectoral girdle.
E. This bone articulates with the manubrium.
A. Incorrect!
The bone labelled in the image is the scapula bone, which is part of the pectoral girdle.
B. Correct!
The scapula is labelled in the image, and it does have two major processes: coracoids process and the
acromion.
C. Incorrect!
The bone labelled in the image is the scapula, which articulates with the clavicle bone.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
The scapula is one of two bones that make up the pectoral girdle.
E. Incorrect!
The scapula articulates with the clavicle and the head of the humerus.
Solution
The pectoral girdle is made up of the scapula and the clavicle. The pectoral girdle is the articulation point
between the upper arm and the chest. The clavicle extends from the scapula to the manubrium portion
of the sternum. The scapula, or shoulder blade, is attached to the clavicle, but it has no direct
connection with the axial skeleton. The scapula is a roughly triangular, flat bone that makes up the
posterior portion of the pectoral girdle. The scapula has three sides that form its triangular shape: the
superior border, the medial border, and the lateral border. The glenoid cavity, or glenoid fossa,
articulates with the humerus to make the shoulder joint.
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Question No. 3 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
The clavicle is part of the pectoral girdle. This bone is located across the top of the ribcage and it
articulates with two bones. Which of the following statements about the clavicle is correct?
Question #03
A. The clavicle articulates with the body of the sternum at the anterior midline of the ribcage.
B. The clavicle is a long, straight bone located just under the skin.
C. At the acromial end of the clavicle, there are tubercles for the attachment of ligaments and muscles.
D. The clavicle articulates with the first thoracic vertebra on its anterior surface.
E. The clavicle connects the pectoral girdle to the appendicular skeleton.
A. Incorrect!
The clavicle articulates with the manubrium portion of the sternum.
B. Incorrect!
The clavicle is roughly S-shaped.
C. Correct!
The tubercles at the acromial end of the clavicle are attachment sites for ligaments and muscles.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
The clavicle articulates with the scapula and the manubrium portion of the sternum.
E. Incorrect!
The clavicle is part of the appendicular skeleton and it connects the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton.
Solution
The clavicle bone braces the shoulder and connects the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton. The two
clavicles support the weight of the arm, and they articulate with the acromion of the scapula. The
clavicles originate at the lateral border of the manubrium portion of the sternum bone. The sternal end
of the clavicle gives rise to the somewhat S-shape of the clavicle bone. The clavicle is located just under
the skin, and the acromial end has tubercles that are the attachment sites for ligaments and muscles. At
the sternal end of the clavicle is the costal tuberosity, which is an attachment site for ligaments of the
shoulder.
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Question No. 4 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
Which of the following statements about the labelled portion of the humerus in the image below is
correct?
Question #04
A
A. This portion of the bone is where the humerus articulates with the head of the radius bone.
B. The trochlea is the portion of the humerus labelled in the image.
C. This articulation is located at the proximal end of the humerus.
D. The greater tubercle is labeled in the image.
E. This portion of the humerus articulates with the scapula.
A. Correct!
The arrow is pointing to the capitulum of the condyle, where it articulates with the head of the radius
bone.
B. Incorrect!
The labelled portion is the capitulum; the trochlea is the lateral portion of the condyle.
C. Incorrect!
The articulation is located at the distal end of the humerus.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
The greater tubercle is located at the proximal end, near the head of the humerus.
E. Incorrect!
The labelled portion of the humerus articulates with the radius bone.
Solution
At the distal end of the humerus is the condyle, which is divided into two regions: trochlea and the
capitulum. The condyle of the humerus and the proximal portion of the ulna and the radius bones form
the elbow joint. The elbow joint includes two portions: the humeroulnar joint and the humeroradial joint.
The trochlea is the medial portion of the condyle that articulates with the ulna bone of the forearm. The
capitulum portion of the condyle is where the humerus articulates with the head of the radius bone of the
forearm.
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Question No. 5 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
A 25-year-old man is injured in a car accident. The emergency physician tells the man that he had
fractured the proximal region of his right ulna bone. Based on this information, which of the following is
correct?
Question #05
A. The ulnar styloid process is close to the fracture.
B. The fracture could be in the olecranon of the ulna.
C. The fracture in this patient’s right arm will disrupt the distal radioulnar joint.
D. The fracture will impact the articulation with the carpal bones.
E. The injury in this patient will not impact the proximal radioulnar joint because it is on the opposite end
of the bone.
A. Incorrect!
The ulnar styloid process is at the opposite (distal) end of the bone.
B. Correct!
The olecranon is at the proximal end of the humerus where the fracture took place.
C. Incorrect!
The fracture would not disrupt the distal radioulnar joint but, instead, the proximal radioulnar joint.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
The fracture would impact the articulation with the humerus bone.
E. Incorrect!
The injury could impact the proximal radioulnar joint, as it is located at the proximal end of the bone.
Solution
The ulna is the second bone of the forearm; it lies medial to the radius, on the little finger side of the
forearm. At the proximal end of the ulna bone is the olecranon process. This forms the point of the elbow
and is the superior and posterior portion of the proximal epiphysis. On its anterior surface, the trochlear
notch interlocks with the trochlea of the humerus. The ulna bone is roughly a triangle in cross-section
and, along the shaft, is a fibrous sheet, known as the antebrachial interosseus membrane. This fibrous
sheet connects the ulna to the radius. At the distal end of the ulna is the ulnar head with a styloid process
on the posterior margin. A cartilage attached to this process isolates the ulnar head from the wrist bones.
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Question No. 6 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
The carpus is made up of a number of small bones. These bones articulate with themselves and the
radius and ulnar bones of the forearm. Which of the following statements about the carpal bones is
correct?
Question #06
A. The 8 carpal bones are arranged in two rows of 4: proximal row and distal row.
B. The capitate bone articulates with the 1st metacarpal bone.
C. The trapezium bone articulates with the anterior surface of the triquetrum bone.
D. All 6 of the carpal bones are located between the distal radius and ulna and the metacarpal bones.
E. The trapezium bone is in the most lateral position of the proximal row.
A. Correct!
There are 8 carpal bones that are arranged 4 in each of the proximal and distal rows.
B. Inorrect!
The capitates bone articulates with the 3rd metacarpal bone.
C. Incorrect!
The trapezium bone articulates with the trapezoid and scaphoid bones.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
There are 8 carpal bones.
E. Incorrect!
The trapezium bone is in the most medial position of the distal row of carpal bones.
Solution
The carpus, or wrist, is made up of a total of 8 bones. The bones form two rows, the four proximal bones
and the four distal bones. The bones in the proximal row are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and the
pisiform. The carpal bones in the distal row are the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and the hamate. The
location of the first row of bones are: (1) the scaphoid bone, located at the lateral border of the wrist, (2)
the lunate, medial to the scaphoid and it articulates with the radius, (3) the triquetrum, medial to the
lunate bone and it articulates with the cartilage between it and the ulnar head, and the (4) pisiform,
which lies anterior to the triquetrum bone and extends the farthest in the medial direction. The positions
of the carpal bones in the distal row are: (1) the trapezium bone is lateral and forms an articulation with
the scaphoid, (2) the trapezoid bone is medial to the trapezium and it is the smallest bone in this row.
This bone has an articulation with the scaphoid bone, (3) the capitate bone, which is the largest carpal
bone located between the trapezoid and the hamate bone, and the (4) hamate bone, which is the medial
distal carpal bone.
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Question No. 7 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
The pelvis protects the organs of the reproductive tract and some of the organs in the digestive tract.
Which statement about the pelvis is correct?
Question #07
A. The pelvis is made up of the left and right hip or coxal bones.
B. There are a total of three bones in the pelvis.
C. The coccyx is part of the pelvis but not the pelvic girdle.
D. The greater (false) pelvis is located between the pubis and the ischium.
E. There are no differences between the male and female pelvis.
A. Incorrect!
The pelvis includes the two hip bones and the sacrum and coccyx.
B. Incorrect!
There are a total of four bones in the pelvis: two hip bones, sacrum and coccyx.
C. Correct!
The coccyx is part of the pelvis but not the pelvic girdle.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
The greater (false) pelvis is located between the wings of the ilium bones.
E. Incorrect!
The pelvis in females contains a larger pelvic outlet and less curvature of the sacrum.
Solution
The pelvis is made up of the two hip bones and the sacrum and coccyx of the spinal column. The anterior
portion of the pelvis is made up of the hip bones, and the posterior portion is made up of the sacrum and
coccyx. The sacrum is attached to the hip bones with ligaments which stabilize the pelvis. Anatomically,
the pelvis can be divided into the greater (false) pelvis, including the wings of the ilium bones, and
contains the organs in the inferior portion of the abdominal cavity; and the lesser (true) pelvis, which is
made up from the pubic symphysis, superior rami of the pube bones and in the posterior by the sacrum
and coccyx. Some of the differences in the female pelvis are: an enlarged pelvic outlet, less curvature of
the sacrum, and a broad, low pelvis.
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Question No. 8 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
Which of the following are examples of a diarthrosis joint?
Question #08
A. Knee joint.
B. Elbow joint.
C. Sagittal suture.
D. Both A and B are correct.
E. None of the answers are correct.
A. Incorrect!
The knee joint is an example of a diarthrosis joint, but this is not the only correct answer.
B. Incorrect!
The elbow joint is an example of a diarthrosis joint, but this is not the only correct answer.
C. Incorrect!
The sagittal suture is an example of a synarthrosis joint.
Feedback
D. Correct!
Both the knee joint and the elbow joint are both examples of a diarthrosis joint.
E. Incorrect!
There is a correct answer option.
Solution
The joints (articulations) of the body are the movement points for bones that allow such movements as
bending an arm or leg. The joints of the body can be categorized into three main groups based on
function: (1) synarthrosis joint, (2) amphiarthrosis, and (3) diarthrosis. This categorization is dependent
on the amount of movement at the joint. An example of a synarthrosis joint is the suture joints found in
between the bones of the skull. This type of joint can convert from a fibrous suture to solid mass of bone
(bony fusion). An amphiarthrosis joint permits a little movement between two bones; examples include
the symphysis between the pubic bones in the pelvis and fibrous connections between the tibia and fibula.
A diarthrosis joint permits movement in a wide range of motion, a freely movable joint. There are many
examples of these types of joints in the body: knee joint, elbow, ankle and wrist.
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Question No. 9 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
Which type of joint movement is labeled in the image below?
A
Question #09
A. Plantar flexion.
B. Dorsiflexion.
C. Depression.
D. Elevation.
E. Adduction.
A. Correct!
The movement labeled in the image is plantar flexion.
B. Incorrect!
Dorsiflexion is when the heel is pushed down and the toes are raised; the movement labeled in the image
is plantar flexion, the opposite movement.
C. Incorrect!
An example of a depression movement would be lowering the shoulders.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
An example of an elevation movement would be raising the shoulders, such as during a shrug.
E. Incorrect!
An example of an adduction movement is when the fingers are pulled in together from being spread out.
Dorsiflexion
Plantar Flexion
Solution
There are also special joint movements that are specific to the articulation, such as depression and
elevation while shrugging the shoulders. The ankle joint is capable of dorsiflexion, which is raising the
toes up, and plantar flexion, which elevates the heel. Angular movements at joints include: adduction,
abduction, flexion and extension. For example, when the fingers are brought together again, this is
adduction. When the fingers are spread out or away from the body, this is known as abduction. These
terms refer to the appendicular skeleton.
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Question No. 10 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem statement and answer choices carefully, (2) Work the problems on paper as needed, (3)
Pick the answer, and (4) Review the core concept tutorial as needed.
The ankle joint includes the tibia bone, fibula bone and the talus bone. The ankle joint is made up of more
than one actual joint. Based on this, which of the following is correct?
Question #10
A. The tibiotalar joint involves the tibia bone and the trochlea of the talus.
B. The ankle joint is actually made up of two joints: the tibiotalar and the tibiofibular joint.
C. The fibula bone does not articulate with any other bones in the ankle region.
D. There are a total of 6 joints in the ankle.
E. There are only 3 joints in the ankle region.
A. Correct!
The tibiotalar joint, which is one of 4 joints that make up the ankle joint, involves the tibia bone and the
trochlea of the talus
B. Incorrect!
The ankle joint includes the following portions: (1) tibiotalar joint, between the tibia articulation and the
trochlea of the talus. This joint is the primary weight-bearing joint in the ankle, (2) proximal tibiofibular
joint, (3) distal tibiofibular joint, and the (4) fibulotalar joint
C. Incorrect!
The fibula bone articulates with the tibia and the talus bone.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
There are a total of 4 joints in the ankle region of the body.
E. Incorrect!
There are a total of 4 joints in the ankle region of the body.
Solution
The ankle joint is a hinge diarthrosis joint made up of articulations between the tibia, fibula and talus
bone. This joint permits dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot. The ankle joint includes the following
portions: (1) tibiotalar joint, between the tibia articulation and the trochlea of the talus. This joint is the
primary weight-bearing joint in the ankle, (2) proximal tibiofibular joint, (3) distal tibiofibular joint, and
the (4) fibulotalar joint. A number of ligaments along the length of the tibia and the fibula hold these two
bones in place. The articular capsule of the ankle extends from the distal surfaces of the tibia and the
medial malleolus of the fibula and the talus bone. The medial deltoid ligament and the three lateral
ligaments function to prevent the ankle bones from sliding side to side.
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