Download Unit 4: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Unit 4: Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
Section 1: Energy in a Cell
Where do living organisms obtain their energy?
• _____________are able to make their own
Autotrophs
food
trees, grass, plants
– Example:________________________
• ________________obtain energy from the
Heterotrophs
food that they consume
– Example: _______________________
lions, humans, animals
Section 1: Energy in a Cell
Energy
• _______
comes in many forms including
light
electricity
heat
_______,
____________,
and _________
Energy
– _________
can be stored within chemical
compounds
______________
• the primary chemical compound used
in living organisms to store energy is
Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP
__________
___________ or _______
Section 1: Energy in a Cell
• ATP consists of _________,
5- Carbon Sugar
Adenosine a _____________
called _______,
_________
Ribose and _____
3
Phosphate groups
Adenosine
Ribose
Phosphate
P P P
broken
• ______
Energy is released when the bond is ________
on the ___________
phosphate groups
Section 1: Energy in a Cell
• Once the phosphate group is broken the
molecules is convert into
___________________
P
Adenosine Diphosphate or _____+___
ADP
Adenosine Ribose
Phosphate
P
P
P
Section 1: Energy in a Cell
• ATP is helpful with ___________
transfering energy, but it
is not good for storing large amounts of
energy
_________
over a long period of time
– For energy _______
storage cells use _______,
glucose
which is a ___6 ____________
carbon sugar
• A single molecules of _______stores
up to
glucose
___
90 times more energy than ATP
• Cells can generate _______
from _______
ATP
glucose
as needed to transfer __________
energy
Section 2: Photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis:
Abbreviated: PSN
______________________________________
Converts
the energy of sunlight into chemical
________________________________________
energy
stored in the bonds of glucose and oxygen
__
• Formula=
Light
Energy
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
Section 2: Photosynthesis
• Where does PSN take place?
In plant cells
– _______________________
autotrophs
• Categorized as ______________
• Location within plantsleaves
– _____________
Stoma (stomata)
• ____________________
• ____________________
Mesophyll cells
Section 2: Photosynthesis
How do plants gather the sun’s energy?
• through light absorbing molecules called
Pigments
______________
Chlorophyll
– plant’s principal pigment= ________________
• there are two main types of chlorophyll
Chlorophyll a
– _____________________
Chlorophyll b
– _____________________
– When chlorophyll absorbs light most of the
energy is transferred to __________
electrons
_______
• it is these high energy ____________
that
electrons
make _____
PSN work
– Chlorophyll is located in the ___________
Chloroplast
Section 2: Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts where PSN takes place
• ____________:
– Consist of a
• ___________________________________
Double outer membrane
stroma
• ______________________
thylakoids
• ______________________
grana
• ______________________(singular
granum)
Section 2: Photosynthesis
PSN
• The light energy within the formula for _____
enters through the light absorbing ________
pigments
called the __________
chlorophyll
H2O
• But where does the ____
CO2 and the ________
enter into the equation?
CO2 enters the leaf through ____________
Stoma
– _____
– ________
enters into the plant through the
H2O
________
Stoma
roots or ________
Section 2: Photosynthesis
• Stoma (stomata)
pores within a plant’s ___________
cuticle
– _________
cuticle
• _____________
is the thick waxy outer
covering on a ___________
leaf
gases
water are exchanged
• ____________
and __________
plant
between the _________
and the
______________
atmosphere
Section 2: Photosynthesis
• Inside the leaf are a few layers of
Mesophyll cells
______________
– These contain most of the plants ________________
Chloroplasts
Section 2: Photosynthesis
• Breakdown of photosynthesis
– ____
2 main parts (reactions)
Light Reaction
1. _______________________
or
Light Dependent Reaction
__________________________________________
Produces energy from solar power
– __________________________________________
ATP
• In the form of ________
Chloroplasts
–Location: _____________________
solar energy
electrons which
•_________________
excites the ____________,
require a special carrier called __________
NADPH to carry the
electrons to part 2 of PSN
Section 2: Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle
2. __________________
or
_________________________________
Light independent Reaction
• Location: _____________
Chloroplasts
• Uses
Energy from light reaction to make sugar (glucose)
____________________________________
electrons carried over from _______
NADPH to aid
• _________
glucose molecules
in building of __________
NADPH delivers the electrons then
– Once ________
NADP+ is sent back to part 1 or
_______
___________________
Light
dependent reaction to continue the
cycle
Light Reaction
light
Chloroplast Dark Reaction
CO2
H2 O
ATP
NADPH
Electron
Transport
chain
ADP+P
NADP+
O2
Calvin Cycle
H
Glucose
Section 3: Cellular Respiration
• Cellular Respiration:
process
in which chemical bonds of energy-rich
________________________________________
molecules
such as glucose are converted into usable
________________________________________
energy
• Formula=
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Section 3:Cellular Respiration
• Where do plants obtain glucose from?
PSN Dark Reaction
• Where do animals obtain glucose from?
Food
Metabolism
– Through the process of ___________________
– Metabolism= _________________________________
process where food is converted
____________________________________________
into energy and products needed
for life
Section 3: Cellular Respiration
mitochondria
• Location: _____________________
Where most of the cells ATP is made
– _______________________________________
It does not make ATP directly from food
– But _____________________________________,
instead it makes
____________________________________________
ATP through many chemical reactions
Mitochondria
Inner Membrane
Outer
Membrane
Cristae
Matrix
Section 3: Cellular Respiration
• Before cellular respiration can happen,
Food
has to be broken down into smaller molecules
________________________________________
Glycolysis
– Process= _________
anaerobic process, meaning it
• This is an __________
does not require _________
oxygen
Pyruvate
2 ________
Glucose down into ___
• Breaks _________
–These are
3-Carbon Molecules
_______________________________________
Section 3:Cellular Respiration
• Overview:
Glucose
Glycolysis
Pyruvate
Pyruvate
***Then, cell respiration may begin
Glycolysis
2ATP
2ADP + P
C C C
C C C C C C
4ADP + P
C C C
4ATP
C C C
C C C
C C C
C C C
2NAD+
2NADH
Section 3: Cellular Respiration
Krebs Cycle
• Phase 1: ___________________
1 Pyruvate
– Begins with ________________
– Waste Product ___________
CO2
• Phase 2: ___________________
Electron Transport chain
– Similar to ________
PSN
Light photons
– Difference is no __________________
• So
__________________________________________________
Instead
electrons are carried by NADH and FADH2
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
2
1
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PSN
Chloroplasts
Cellular Respiration
Animals
Plants
Mitochondria
ETC
ETC= 2nd
ATP
Light
reaction
ETC= 1st
ATP Synthase
sunlight
Thylakoid
membrane
H2O= reactant
Creates
NADPH
Inner
membrane
NADH and
FADH
H2O= product
PSN
Calvin
Cycle= 2nd
Stroma
NADPH→NADP+H
ATP →ADP+P
CO2= reactant
CO2 enters
through
stomata
Glucose= product
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Krebs
6 times
Cycle= 1st
Matrix
2 pyruvate
CO2= product
NAD+H→NADH
FAD+H2→FADH2
ADP+P→ATP
Glucose is a reactant