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BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
M. Tech. ECE Course Description Batch 2014-16
SEMESTER–I
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHMS (MECE 101)
L T P C
4
-
- 4
Algorithm Analysis – Time Space Tradeoff – Asymptotic Notations – Conditional asymptotic notation –
Removing condition from the conditional asymptotic notation - Properties of big-Oh notation –
Recurrence equations – Solving recurrence equations –Analysis of linear search.
Divide and Conquer: General Method – Binary Search – Finding Maximum and Minimum– Merge Sort
– Greedy Algorithms: General Method – Container Loading – Knapsack Problem.
Dynamic Programming: General Method – Multistage Graphs – All-Pair shortest paths –Optimal binary
search trees – 0/1 Knapsack – Travelling salesperson problem
Backtracking: General Method – 8 Queens problem – sum of subsets – graph coloring –Hamiltonian
problem – knapsack problem.
Graph Traversals – Connected Components – Spanning Trees – Biconnected components – Branch and
Bound: General Methods (FIFO and LC) – 0/1 Knapsack pproblem – Introduction to NP-Hard and NPCompleteness.
Suggested Books:
1.
2.
Ellis Horowitz, Sartaj Sahni and Sanguthevar Rajasekaran, Computer Algorithms/ C++, Second
Edition, Universities Press, 2007. (For Units II to V)
K.S. Easwarakumar, Object Oriented Data Structures using C++, Vikas Publishing House pvt.
Ltd., 2000 (For Unit I)
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
1.
2.
T. H. Cormen, C. E. Leiserson, R.L.Rivest, and C. Stein, "Introduction to Algorithms", Second
Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, 2003.
Alfred V. Aho, John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman, "The Design and Analysis of Computer
Algorithms", Pearson Education, 1999.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING (MECE 103)
L T P C
4 - - 4
DISCRETE RANDOM SIGNAL PROCESSING
Discrete Random Processes, Expectations, Variance, Co- variance, Scalar Product, Energy of Discrete
Signals- Parseval’s theorem, Wiener Khintchine Relation- Power Spectral Density, Periodogram Sample Autocorrelation, Sum Decomposition Theorem, Spectral Decomposition Theorem, Spectral
Factorization Theorem, Discrete Random Signal Processing by linear systems – Simulation of White
Noise - Low pass filtering of White Noise.
SPECTRUM ESTIMATION
Non- parametric Methods- Correlation Method, Co- variance estimator, Performance Analysis of
Estimators- Unbiased, Consistent Estimators – Periodogram Estimator- Barlett Spectrum EstimationWelch Estimation- Model based Approach- AR, MA, ARMA Signal Modelling- Parameter Estimation
using Yule Walker Method.
LINEAR ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION
Maximum likelihood crieterion – efficiency of estimator – least mean squared error criterion- Wiener
Filter – Discrete Winer Hoff equations, Recursive Estimators- Kalman Filter, Linear Prediction,
Prediction error whitening filter, inverse filter – Levinson recursion, Lattice realization and Levinson
recursion algorithm for solving Toeplitz system of equations.
ADAPTIVE FILTERS
FIR adaptive filters- Newton’s steepest descent method – adaptive filter based on steepest descent
method Windrow Hoff LMS adaptive algorithm – Adaptive channel equalization – Adaptive echo
cancellation –Adaptive noise cancellation – RLS adaptive filters –Exponentially weighted RLS – sliding
window RLS- Simplified IIR LMS adaptive filter.
MULTIRATE DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
Mathematical Description of change of sampling rate –Interpolation and Decimation, continuous time
model, Direct digital domain approach, Decimation by an integer factor, Interpolation by an integer
factor, Single and multistage realization- polyphase realization
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS
Introduction to DSP architecture - Harvard architecture - Dedicated MAC unit - Multiple ALUs,
Advanced addressing modes, Pipelining, Architectures of ADSP and TMS series of processor.
Suggested Books:
1. Monson H. Hayes, “Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling”, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., New York, 1996.
2. Sopocles J. Orfanidis, “Optimum Signal Processing”, McGraw Hill, 1990.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
3. John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall of India,
1995.
4. B.Venkataramani and M. Bhaskar, Digital Signal Processor Architecture, Programming and
Application, TMH 2002. (UNIT - V)
OPTICAL NETWORKS (MECE 105)
L T P C
4 - - 4
OPTICAL SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Light propagation in optical fibers – Loss and bandwidth, System limitations, Non-Linear effects;
Solutions; Optical Network Components – Couplers, Isolators and Circulators, Multiplexers and Filters,
Optical Amplifiers, Switches, Wavelength Converters.
OPTICAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURES
Introduction to Optical Networks; SONET / SDH, Metropoliton-Area Networks, Layered Architecture ;
Broadcast and Select Networks – Topologies for Broadcast Networks, Media-Access Control Protocols,
Testbeds for Broadcast and Select WDM; Wavelength Routing Architecture.
WAVELENGTH ROUTING NETWORKS
The optical layer, Node Designs, Optical layer cost tradeoff, Routing and wavelength assignment,Virtual
topology design, Wavelength Routing Testbeds, Architectural variations.
PACKET SWITCHING AND ACCESS NETWORKS
Photonic Packet Switching – OTDM, Multiplexing and Demultiplexing, Synchronisation, Broadcast
OTDM networks, Switch-based networks; Access Networks – Network Architecture overview, Future
Access Networks, Optical Access Network Architectures; and OTDM networks.
NETWORK DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT
Transmission System Engineering – System model, Power penalty - transmitter, receiver, Optical
amplifiers, crosstalk, dispersion; Wavelength stabilization ; Overall design considerations; Control and
Management – Network management functions, Configuration management, Performance management,
Fault management, Optical safety, Service interface.
Suggested Books:
1.
2.
3.
Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, “Optical Networks : A Practical Perspective”,
Harcourt Asia Pte Ltd., Second Edition 2004.
Siva Ram Moorthy and Mohan Gurusamy, “WDM Optical Networks : Concept, Design and
Algorithms”, Prentice Hall of India, Ist Edition, 2002.
P.E. Green, Jr., “Fiber Optic Networks”, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1993.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN (MECE 107)
L T P C
4 - - 4
Introduction And Examples Of Embedded Systems, Concept Of Embedded System
Design: Design challenge, Processor technology, IC technology, Design technology, Trade-offs
Custom single purpose processor hardware, general-purpose processor:
Introduction, basic architecture, operation, super-scalar and VLSIIW architecture, application specific
instruction set processors (ASIPS), microcontrollers, digital signal processors, selecting a
microprocessor.
Memory: Introduction, Memory write ability, Storage performance, Tradeoff s, Common memory types
Memory hierarchy and cache
AVR 8515 microcontroller: Architecture and Programming in assembly and C.
Interfacing Analog and digital blocks: Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), Digital to- Analog,
Converters (DACs)., Communication basics and basic protocol concepts, Microprocessor interfacing:
I/O addressing, Port and Bus based, I/O, Memory mapped I/O, Standard I/O interrupts, Direct memory
access, Advanced communication principles parallel, serial and wireless, Serial protocols I2C, Parallel
protocols PCI bus, Wireless protocol IrDA, blue tooth.
Different peripheral devices: Buffers and latches, Crystal, Reset circuit, Chip select logic circuit,
timers and counters and watch dog timers, Universal asynchronous receiver, transmitter (UART), Pulse
width modulators, LCD controllers, Keypad controllers.
Design tradeoffs: due to thermal considerations and Effects of EMI/ES etc.
Software aspect of embedded systems: Challenges and issues in embedded software development, Codesign
Embedded software development environments: Real time operating systems, Kernel architecture:
Hardware, Task/process control subsystem, Device drivers, File subsystem, system calls, Embedded
operating systems, Task scheduling in embedded systems: task scheduler, first in first out, shortest job
first, round robin, priority based scheduling, Context switch: Task synchronization: mutex, semaphore,
Timers, Types of embedded operating systems, Programming languages: assembly languages, high level
languages
Development for embedded systems: Embedded system development process, Determine the
requirements, Design the system architecture, Choose the operating system, Choose the processor,
Choose the development platform, Choose the programming language, Coding issues, Code
optimization, Efficient input/output, Testing and debugging, Verify the software on the host system,
Verify the software on the embedded system.
Suggested Books:
Frankvahid/Tony Givargis, “ Embedded System Design- A unified Hardware/software Introduction”.
David E Simon, " An embedded software primer ", Pearson education Asia, 2001.
Dreamteach Software team,” Programming for Embedded Systems” AVR 8515 manual
J.W. Valvano, "Embedded Microcomputor System: Real Time Interfacing"
Jack Ganssle, "The Art of Designing Embedded Systems", Newnes, 1999
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
ADVANCED DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN (MECE 109)
L T P C
4 - - 4
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN
Analysis of clocked synchronous sequential circuits and modeling- State diagram, state table, state table
assignment and reduction-Design of synchronous sequential circuits design of iterative circuits-ASM
chart and realization using ASM
ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN 9
Analysis of asynchronous sequential circuit – flow table reduction-races-state assignment-transition
table and problems in transition table- design of asynchronous sequential circuit-Static, dynamic and
essential hazards – data synchronizers – mixed operating mode asynchronous circuits – designing
vending machine controller
FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND TESTABILITY ALGORITHMS
Fault table method-path sensitization method – Boolean difference method-D algorithm –Tolerance
techniques – The compact algorithm – Fault in PLA – Test generation-DFT schemes – Built in self-test.
SYNCHRONOUS DESIGN USING PROGRAMMABLE DEVICES
Programming logic device families – Designing a synchronous sequential circuit using PLA/PAL –
Realization of finite state machine using PLD – FPGA – Xilinx FPGA-Xilinx 4000
SYSTEM DESIGN USING VHDL
VHDL operators – Arrays – concurrent and sequential statements – packages- Data flow – Behavioral –
structural modeling – compilation and simulation of VHDL code –Test bench - Realization of
combinational and sequential circuits using HDL – Registers – counters – sequential machine – serial
adder – Multiplier- Divider – Design of simple microprocessor.
Suggested Books:
1. Charles H.Roth Jr “Fundamentals of Logic Design” Thomson Learning 2004
2. Nripendra N Biswas “Logic Design Theory” Prentice Hall of India,2001
3. Parag K.Lala “Fault Tolerant and Fault Testable Hardware Design” B S Publications,2002
4. Parag K.Lala “Digital system Design using PLD” B S Publications,2003
5. Charles H Roth Jr.”Digital System Design using VHDL” Thomson learning, 2004
6. Douglas L.Perry “VHDL programming by Example” Tata McGraw.Hill – 2006.
7. William I. Fletcher, “An Engineering approach to Digital Design”, Prentice Hall - 1980
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
SEMESTER–II
ADVANCED MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM DESIGN (MECE 102)
L T P C
4 - - 4
Unit I: Microprocessor Architecture
Introduction to 16-bit microprocessors, 8086/8088 CPU architecture, memory segmentation,
physical address generation, addressing modes, Instruction set: data transfer, arithmetic, logical, string
manipulation, control transfer, unconditional branch, conditional branch, flag, processor control, 8087
coprocessor, data formats
Unit II: Assembly Language Programming
Assembler organization, assembler directives and operators, Assembly language programs,
MASM and DEBUG utility, stack structure, PUSH and POP instructions, subroutine, procedure and
macros, timing and delays
Unit III: Interfacing of Peripherals
Programmable peripheral interface 8255, internal architecture, control word register, operating
modes; Timer/counter 8253/8254: functional block diagram, control word register, modes of operation,
timing diagrams; keyboard interface/display controller 8279: internal architecture, 8279 commands,
operating modes; programmable interrupt controller 8259A: architectural block diagram, command words
Unit IV: Architectures of 80x86 processors
Protected mode memory addressing, protected virtual addressing mode (PVAM), architecture,
special features and overview of 80286, 80386 and 80486, Pentium Pro processors, superscalar
architecture, MMX (Multimedia Extension) and SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data) technology
Suggested Books:
1. Advanced Microprocessors and Peripherals: A. K. Ray and Bhurchandi, TMH, New Delhi
2. Microprocessor based Systems: N. G. Palan, Tech-Max Publication, Pune
3. Assembly Language Programming: Peter Abel, PHI, New Delhi
4. 8086/8088 Family: Design, Programming and Interfacing: John Uffenbeck, Pearson Education
5. Intel Microprocessors 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium Pro Programming and Interfacing:
Barry and Brey, PHI, New Delhi
6. Modern Digital Electronics: R. P. Jain, TMH, New Delhi
7. The 80x86 Family : Design, Programming and Interfacing: John Uffenbeck, Pearson Education
VLSI DESIGN (MECE 104)
L T P C
4 - - 4
Introduction to MOS Circuits: MOS Transistors, MOS Transistor Switches, CMOS Logic, Circuit and
System Representations, MOS Transistor Theory – Introduction MOS Device Design Equations, The
Complementary CMOS Inverter-DC Characteristics, Static Load MOS Inverters, The Differential
Inverter, The Transmission Gate, The Tri State Inverter, Bipolar Devices.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Circuit Characterization And Performance Estimation: Introduction, Resistance Estimation
Capacitance Estimation, Inductance, Switching Characteristics CMOS Gate Transistor Sizing, Power
Dissipation, Sizing Routing Conductors, Charge Sharing, Design Margining, and Reliability.
CMOS Circuit And Logic Design: CMOS Logic Gate Design, Basic Physical Design of Simple Gate,
CMOS Logic Structures, Clocking Strategies, I/O Structures, Low Power Design.
Systems Design And Design Method: Design Strategies CMOS Chip Design Options, Design
Methods, Design Capture Tools, Design Verification Tools, Design Economics, Data Sheets, CMOS
esting - Manufacturing Test Principles, Design Strategies for Test, Chip Level Test Techniques, System
Level Test Techniques, Layout Design for Improved Testability.
CMOS Sub System Design: Data Path Operations-Addition/Subtraction, Parity Generators,
Comparators, Zero/One Detectors, Binary Counters, ALUs, Multiplication, Shifters, Memory Elements,
Control-FSM, Control Logic Implementation.
Suggested Books:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
SuN. Weste and K. Eshranghian, "Principles of CMOS VLSI Design", Addison Wesley, 1998.
Jacob Backer, Harry W. Li and David E. Boyce, " CMOS Circuit Design, Layout and Simulation
", Prentice Hall of India, 1998.
L.Glaser and D. Dobberpuhl, "The Design and Analysis of VLSI, Circuits”, Addison Wesley
1993.
C.Mead and L. Conway, "Introduction to VLSI Systems", Addison Wesley, 1979.
Randel and Geiger, “ VLSI Analog and Digital Circuit Design Techniques” McGraw- Hill,1990.
Sahib H.Gerez, “Algorithms for VLSI design automation ”,1998.
William M. Penny, Lillian Lau, “ MOS Integrated Circuits- Theory, Fabrication, Design and
System Applications of MOS LSI”, Van Nostrand Reihold Company.
Sung Ms Kang, Yusuf Lablebici, “CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits Analysis and Design”, Tata
Mc-Graw Hill.
WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION (MECE 106)
L T P C
4 - - 4
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Cellular systems- Frequency Management and Channel Assignment- types of handoff and their
characteristics, dropped call rates and their evaluation -MAC – SDMA – FDMA – TDMA – CDMA –
Cellular Wireless Networks
WIRELESS NETWORKS
Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 Standards – Architecture – Services – Mobile Ad hoc Networks- WiFi
and WiMAX - Wireless Local Loop-Bluetooth Technology.
MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
GSM-architecture-Location tracking and call setup- Mobility management- Handover- Security-GSM
SMS –International roaming for GSM- call recording functions-subscriber and service data mgt –Mobile
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Number portability -VoIP service for Mobile Networks – GPRS –Architecture-GPRS procedures-attach
and detach procedures-PDP context procedure-combined RA/LA update procedures-Billing
MOBILE NETWORK AND TRANSPORT LAYERS
Mobile IP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol-Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols– Multicast
routing-TCP over Wireless Networks – Indirect TCP – Snooping TCP – Mobile TCP – Fast Retransmit /
Fast Recovery – Transmission/Timeout Freezing-Selective Retransmission – Transaction Oriented TCPTCP over 2.5 / 3G wireless Networks
APPLICATION LAYER
WAP Model- Mobile Location based services -WAP Gateway –WAP protocols – WAP user agent
profile- caching model-wireless bearers for WAP - WML – WMLScripts – WTA - iMode- SyncML.
Suggested Books:
1.
Jochen Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Second Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
2.
William Stallings, “Wireless Communications and Networks”, Pearson Education, 2002.
3.
Kaveh Pahlavan, Prasanth Krishnamoorthy, “Principles of Wireless Networks”, First Edition,
Pearson Education, 2003.
4.
Uwe Hansmann, Lothar Merk, Martin S. Nicklons and Thomas Stober, “Principles of Mobile
Computing”, Springer, 2003.
5.
C.K.Toh, “AdHoc Mobile Wireless Networks”, First Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
MICROWAVE CIRCUITS AND APPLICATIONS (MECE 108)
Introduction to microwave transmission lines and matching techniques
Microstrip transmission lines
Single and double stub tuning circuits
Quarter-wave impedance matching circuits
Quadrature and 180 degree hybrid analysis and design
Even- and odd-mode analysis of hybrids
Reciprocal and lossless networks
Cascaded network using ABCD parameters
Frequency responses
Low-pass and high-pass filter analysis and design
Filter design by insertion loss method
Stepped impedance filter
Filter transformation
Filter implementation using microstrip lines
Noise analysis
Noise in devices and systems
Noise figure and noise temperature
Non-linear responses of microwave circuits
Design and fabrication of a microwave amplifier
Gain and stability analysis
L T P C
4 - - 4
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Input and output matching circuits
Dynamic range, noise and non-linearity
Microwave systems
Radar
Radiometers
Microwave communication systems
Suggested Books:
1. Almudena Suárez, "Analysis and Design of Autonomous Microwave Circuits", 2009.
2. Nonlinear Microwave and RF Circuits, 2nd Edition, by Stephen A. Maas.
3. Microwave Solid State Circuit Design, 2nd edition, by Inder Bahl, Prakash Bhartia
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (MECE 110)
L T P C
4 - - 4
INTRODUCTION: Concept of research and its applications in the various functions of management;
Types of research. Types of business problems encountered by the research; Problems and precautions
to the researcher in India
PROCESS OF RESEARCH: Steps involved in research process; various methods of research design.
DATA COLLECTION: Sampling procedure; Sample size; Determination and selection of sample
member; Types of data and various methods of collecting data; Preparation of questionnaire and
schedule; Precautions in preparation of questionnaire and collection of data.
ANALYSIS OF DATA: Coding, editing and tabulation of data; various kinds of charts and diagrams
used in data analysis; Application of statistical techniques for analyzing the data, Application of
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Uses of Data Analysis Tools like SPSS and Excel.
REPORT PREPARATION: Types and layout of research report; Precautions in preparing the research
report; Bibliography and Annexure in report; Drawing conclusions; Giving suggestions and
recommendations to the concerned persons.
Suggested Books:
1) Collis J and Hussey R- Business Research (Palgrave, 2003)
2) Cooper- Business Research (Tata McGraw-Hill)
3) Saunders- Research Methods for Business Students (Pearson Education, 3rd edition)
4) Beri- Marketing Research (Tata McGraw-Hill), 1993, 2nd ed.
5) David J. Luck and Ronald S. Ruben- Marketing Research (Prentice Hall of India), 1987, 7th ed.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
SEMESTER - III
ELECTIVE – I (MECE 201)
L T P C
3 - - 3
ELECTIVE – II (MECE 203)
L T P C
3 - 2 4
ELECTIVE COURSES
MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
Transmission Lines: Basic principles, Structures and Properties of Transmission Lines.
Scattering Parameters and Circuit Analysis, Uncertainty and Confidence in measurements, Using
Coaxial Connectors in Measurement
Attenuation Measurement: Basic principles, Measurement systems, important considerations when
making attenuation measurements
RF Voltage Measurement: RF voltage measuring instruments, impedance matching and mismatch
errors.
Noise Measurements: Types of noise, types of noise source, measuring noise, measurement accuracy,
mismatch effects, automated noise measurements.
Network Analyzers: Spectrum Analyzer Measurements and Applications. Elements of network
analyser, MMIC measurement techniques, calibration and verification of automatic network analysers,
spectrum
analyser
basic
principle,
applications
of
spectrum
analyzer
RF Power Measurement: Power sensors, power measurements and calibration, calibration and transfer
standards, power splitters, couplers and reflectometers
Suggested Books:
1. Richard Collier and Douglas Skinner, “Microwave Measurements” 3rd Edition, IET, 2007.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
SYSTEM ON CHIP
Introduction to the concept of a SOC
Backgrounder, microprocessor and Microcontroller based systems, Embedded systems. Differences
between Embedded systems and SOCs. System design Concept of system, importance of system
architectures, introduction to SIMD, SSID, MIMD and MISD architectures, concept of pipelining and
parallelism. Designing microprocessor /Microcontroller based system and embedded system. System
design issues in SOCs. System buses Introduction to busses used in SOCs. Introduction to AMBA bus.
Detailed study of IBM's core connect bus, concept of PLB-processor local bus and OPB-on chip
peripheral bus. Processors used in SOCs Introduction to CISC ,RISC, Von Neuman and Harward
Architecture. Concept of Soft processors and study of Microblaze RISC processor. Study of IBM's
power PC SOC implementation Backgrounder – programmable logic and FPGA Architecture . Concept
of embedded processors and study of virtex II PRO Architecture. Study of features like embedded
RAMs ,multipliers ,Digital clock management etc. Introduction to tools used for SOC design, Xilinx
embedded development kit
Suggested Books:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
FPGA based system design by Wyne wolf – published by prentice hall.
Readings in hardware/software co-design Giovanni De Micheli,Rolf Ernst, and Wayne Wolf –
published by Morgan Kaufman.
Computers as components:principles of embedded computing system design published by Morgan
Kaufman publishers
Multiprocessors systems-on-chips by Ahmed jerrya wayne wolf,eds- Morgan Kaufman publishers
Core connect architecture at http://www.chips.IBM.com/products/coreconnect
EDK power PC tutorial at http://www.xilinx.com/EDK
DESIGN OF ANALOG/ MIXED MODE VLSI CIRCUITS
Basic CMOS Circuit Techniques, Continuous Time And Low voltage Signal Processing: MixedSignal VLSI Chips-Basic CMOS Circuits-Basic Gain Stage-Gain Boosting Techniques-Super MOS
Transistor- Primitive Analog Cells-Linear Voltage- Current Converters-MOS Multipliers and ResistorsCMOS, Bipolar and Low-Voltage BiCMOS Op-Amp Design-Instrumentation Amplifier Design-Low
Voltage Filters.
Basic BiCMOS Circuit Techniques, Current -Mode Signal Processing: Continuous- Time Signal
Processing-Sampled-Data Signal Processing-Switched-Current Data Converters.
Sampled-Data Analog Filters, Over Sampled A/D Converters And Analog Integrated
Sensors: First-order and Second SC Circuits-Bilinear Transformation – Cascade Design-SwitchedCapacitor Ladder Filter-Synthesis of Switched-Current Filter- Nyquist rate A/D Converters-Modulators
for Over sampled A/D Conversion-First and Second Order and Multibit Sigma-Delta Modulators-
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Interpolative Modulators – Cascaded Architecture-Decimation Filters-mechanical, Thermal, Humidity
and Magnetic Sensors-Sensor Interfaces.
Analog VLSI Interconnects: Physics of Interconnects in VLSI-Scaling of Interconnects-A Model
for Estimating Wiring Density-A Configurable Architecture for Prototyping analog Circuits.
Statistical Modeling And Simulation, Analog Computer-Aided Design And Analog And Mixed
Analog-Digital Layout: Review of Statistical Concepts - Statistical Device Modeling- Statistical
Circuit Simulation-Automation Analog Circuit Design-automatic Analog Layout-CMOS Transistor
Layout-Resistor Layout-Capacitor Layout-Analog Cell Layout-Mixed Analog -Digital Layout.
Suggested Books
Paul R. Gray and Robert G.Meyer, “ Analysis and Design of Analog Integrated Circuits”, John Wiley
and Sons.
Mohammed Ismail, Terri Fiez, " Analog VLSI signal and Information Processing ", 1994, McGraw-Hill
International Editons.
Behzad Razavi, “ Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits”, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
Y. Tsividis, “ Mixed Analog-Digital Devices and Technology”, Mc-Graw Hill.
Alan B. Gnebene, “ Bipolar and MOS analog integrated circuit design“,John Wiley and Sons.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
SATELLITE ORBITS: Kepler’s Laws, Newton’s law, orbital parameters, orbital perturbations, station
keeping,geo stationary and non Geo-stationary orbits – Look Angle Determination- Limits ofvisibility –
eclipse-Sub satellite point –Sun transit outage-Launching Procedures launch vehicles and propulsion.
SPACE SEGMENT AND SATELLITE LINK DESIGN :Spacecraft Technology- Structure, Primary
power, Attitude and Orbit control, Thermalcontrol and Propulsion, communication Payload and
supporting subsystems, Telemetry,Tracking and command. Satellite uplink and downlink Analysis and
Design, link budget,E/N calculation- performance impairments-system noise, inter modulation
andinterference, Propagation Characteristics and Frequency considerations- Systemreliability and design
lifetime.
SATELLITE ACCESS Modulation and Multiplexing: Voice, Data, Video, Analog – digital
transmission system,Digital video Brocast, multiple access: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, Assignment
Methods,Spread Spectrum communication, compression – encryption
EARTH SEGMENT Earth Station Technology-- Terrestrial Interface, Transmitter and Receiver,
Antenna Systems TVRO, MATV, CATV, Test Equipment Measurements on G/T, C/No, EIRP,Antenna
Gain.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
SATELLITE APPLICATIONS: INTELSAT Series, INSAT, VSAT, Mobile satellite services: GSM,
GPS, INMARSAT,LEO, MEO, Satellite Navigational System. Direct Broadcast satellites (DBS)- Direct
tohome Broadcast (DTH), Digital audio broadcast (DAB)- Worldspace services, BusinessTV(BTV),
GRAMSAT, Specialized services – E –mail, Video conferencing, Internet
Suggested Books:
Dennis Roddy, ‘Satellite Communication’, McGraw Hill International, 4th Edition, 2006.
Wilbur L. Pritchard, Hendri G. Suyderhoud, Robert A. Nelson, ‘Satellite Communication Systems
Engineering’, Prentice Hall/Pearson, 2007.
N.Agarwal, ‘Design of Geosynchronous Space Craft, Prentice Hall, 1986.
Bruce R. Elbert, ‘The Satellite Communication Applications’ Hand Book, Artec House Bostan London,
1997.
RADIO FREQUENCY CIRCUIT DESIGN
Introduction: Importance of radiofrequency design, Dimensions and units, frequency spectrum.
RF behavior of passive components: High frequency resistors, capacitors and inductors.
Chip components and Circuit board considerations: Chip resistors, chip capacitors, surface mounted
inductors.
Transmission Line Analysis: Two-wire lines, Coaxial lines and Microstrip lines. Equivalent circuit
representation, Basic laws, Circuit Parameters for a parallel plate transmission line.
General Transmission Line Equation: Kirchhoff voltage and current law representations, Traveling
voltage and current waves, general impedance definition, Lossless transmission line model. Microstrip ,
Transmission Lines.
Terminated lossless transmission line: Voltage reflection coefficient, propagation constant and phase
velocity, standing waves.
Special terminated conditions: Input impedance of terminated lossless line, Short circuit transmission
line, Open circuit transmission line, Quarter wave transmission line.
Sourced and Loaded Transmission Line: Phasor representation of source, Power considerations for a
transmission line, input impedance matching, return loss and insertion loss.
The Smith Chart: Reflection coefficient in Phasor form, Normalized Impedance equation, Parametric
reflection coefficient equation, graphical representation, Impedance transformation for general load,
Standing wave ratio, Special transformation conditions.
Admittance Transformations: Parametric admittance equation, Additional graphical displays.
Parallel and series Connections : Parallel connections of R and L connections, Parallel connections of
Rand C connections, Series connections of R and L connections, Series connections of R and C
connections, Example of a T Network.
RF Filter Design: Filter types and parameters, Low pass filter, High pass filter, Bandpass and Bandstop
filter, Insertion Loss. Special Filter Realizations: Butterworth type filter, Chebyshev type filters,
Denormalization of standard low pass design.
Filter Implementation: Unit Elements, Kuroda’s Identities and Examples of Microstrip Filter Design.
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Coupled Filters: Odd and Even Mode Excitation, Bandpass Filter Design, Cascading bandpass filter
elements, Design examples.
Active RF Component Modeling : Transistor Models : Large-signal BJT Models, Small-signal BJT
Models, Large-signal FET Models,
Small-signal FET Models. Measurement of Active Devices: DC Characterization of Bipolar
Transistors, Measurements of AC parameters of Bipolar Transistors, Measurement of Field Effect
Bipolar Transistors Transistor Parameters.
Suggested Books
Behzad Razavi, “RF Microelectronics”, Pearson Education.
Reinhold Ludwig, Paul Bretchko,“RF Circuit Design: Theory and Applications ”
DEVICE CHARACTERIZATION AND SIMULATION
Physical Characterization: Thin Film Thickness- Measurements-ellipsometry, surface profiling,
spectrophotometry, FTIR
Critical Dimension Measurements: Optical microscope, Scanning Electron
Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope
Material and Impurity Characterization: SIMS, XRD, EDAX
Electrical Characterization: Four-probe technique, Hall effect, sheet resistance C-V
measurements, DLTS, Carrier lifetime, impurity profiling, I-V measurements
Process and SPICE model parameter Extraction.
Suggested Books
W.R. Reunyan, “ Semiconductor Measurements And Instrumentation”, Mc-Graw Hill.
Schroder, “Semiconductor Material And Device Characterization”
Philips F. Kare and Greydon B. Lauabee, “ Characterization of semiconductor Materials”, Mc-Graw
Hill.
K.V. Ravi, “Imperfections And Impurities In Semiconductor Silicon”, John Wiley And Sons.
ADVANCED MICROCONTROLLER-PIC, AVR
The PIC18 Microcontrollers: History and Features
PIC18 Architecture and Assembly Language Programming
Branch, Call, and Time Delay Loop
PIC18 I/O Port Programming
Arithmetic, Logic Instructions and Programs
Bank Switching, Table Processing, Macros, and Modules
PIC18 Programming in C
PIC18 Hardware Connection and ROM Loaders
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
PIC18 Timer Programming in Assembly and C
PIC18 Serial Port Programming in Assembly and C
Interrupt Programming in Assembly and C
LCD and Keyboard Interfacing
ADC, DAC, and Sensor Interfacing
SPI Protocol and DS1306 RTC Interfacing
Motor Control: Relay, PWM, DC, and Stepper Motors
Introduction to ARM and AVR 8515 microcontroller: Architecture and Programming
in assembly and C
Suggested Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Daniel Tabak, "Advanced Microprocessors", McGraw Hill. Inc., 1995
James L. Antonakos, "The Pentium Microprocessor", Pearson Education, 1997
Steave Furber, "ARM system - on - chip architecture", Addison Wesley, 2000
John.B..Peatman, "Design with PIC Micro controller", Pearson Education, 1988
Gene. H.Miller, "Micro Computer Engineering", Pearson Education, 2003
James L Antonakos, "An Introduction to the Intel family of Microprocessors", Pearson Education,
1999
Barry B.Breg,, "The Intel Microprocessors Architecture, Programming and Interfacing", PHI, 2002
INFORMATION THEORY AND CODING
INFORMATION THEORY
Information – Entropy, Information rate, classification of codes, Kraft McMillan inequality, Source
coding
theorem,
Shannon-Fano
coding,
Huffman
coding,
Extended
Huffman
coding - Joint and conditional entropies, Mutual information - Discrete memoryless channels – BSC,
BEC – Channel capacity, Shannon limit.
SOURCE CODING: TEXT, AUDIO AND SPEECH
Text: Adaptive Huffman Coding, Arithmetic Coding, LZW algorithm – Audio: Perceptual coding,
Masking techniques, Psychoacoustic model, MEG Audio layers I,II,III, Dolby AC3 - Speech: Channel
Vocoder, Linear Predictive Coding
SOURCE CODING: IMAGE AND VIDEO
Image and Video Formats – GIF, TIFF, SIF, CIF, QCIF – Image compression: READ, JPEG – Video
Compression: Principles-I,B,P frames, Motion estimation, Motion compensation, H.261, MPEG
standard
ERROR CONTROL CODING: BLOCK CODES
Definitions and Principles: Hamming weight, Hamming distance, Minimum distance decoding - Single
parity codes, Hamming codes, Repetition codes - Linear block codes, Cyclic codes - Syndrome
calculation, Encoder and decoder – CRC
ERROR CONTROL CODING: CONVOLUTIONAL CODES
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Convolutional codes – code tree, trellis, state diagram - Encoding – Decoding: Sequential search and
Viterbi algorithm – Principle of Turbo coding
Suggested Books:
1. R Bose, “Information Theory, Coding and Crptography”, TMH 2007
2. Fred Halsall, “Multidedia Communications: Applications, Networks, Protocols and Standards”,
Perason Education Asia, 2002
3. K Sayood, “Introduction to Data Compression” 3/e, Elsevier 2006
4. S Gravano, “Introduction to Error Control Codes”, Oxford University Press 2007
5. Amitabha Bhattacharya, “Digital Communication”, TMH 2006
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS
Data Communications: Components – Direction of Data flow – networks – Components and
Categories – types of Connections – Topologies –Protocols and Standards – ISO / OSI model –
Transmission Media – Coaxial Cable – Fiber Optics – Line Coding – Modems – RS232
Interfacing sequences.
Data Link Layer: Error – detection and correction – Parity – LRC – CRC – Hamming code
low Control and Error control - stop and wait – go back-N ARQ – selective repeat ARQ- sliding
window – HDLC - LAN - Ethernet IEEE 802.3 - IEEE 802.4 - IEEE 802.5 - IEEE 802.11 – FDDI
- SONET – Bridges.
Network Layer: Internetworks – Packet Switching and Datagram approach – IP addressing
methods – Subnetting – Routing – Distance Vector Routing – Link State Routing – Routers.
Transport Layer: Duties of transport layer – Multiplexing – Demultiplexing – Sockets – User
Datagram Protocol (UDP) – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – Congestion Control – Quality
of services (QOS) – Integrated Services.
Application Layer: Domain Name Space (DNS) – SMTP – FTP – HTTP - WWW – Security
Cryptography.
Suggested Books:
1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.
2. James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach
Featuring the Internet”, Pearson Education, 2003.
3. Larry L.Peterson and Peter S. Davie, “Computer Networks”, Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd.,
Second Edition.
4. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, PHI, Fourth Edition, 2003.
5. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Sixth Edition, Pearson
Education, 2000.
ADVANCED CONTROL THEORY
Unit I
Introductory matrix algebra and linear vector space. State space representation of systems. Linearization
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
of a non - linear System. Solution of state equations. Evaluation of State Transition Matrix (STM) Simulation of state equation using MATLAB/ SIMULINK program.
Unit II
Similarity transformation and invariance of system properties due to similarity transformations. Minimal
realization of SISO, SIMO, MISO transfer functions. Discretization of a continuous time state space
model. Conversion of state space model to transfer function model using Fadeeva algorithm.
Unit III
Fundamental theorem of feedback control - Controllability and Controllable canonical form - Pole
assignment by state feedback using Ackermann’s formula – Eigen structure assignment problem.
Unit IV
Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem and solution of algebraic Riccati equation using eigenvalue
and eigen vector methods, iterative method. Controller design using output feedback.
Unit V
Observability and observable canonical form - Design of full order observer using Ackermann’s formula Bass Gura algorithm.
Unit VI
Duality between controllability and observability - Full order Observer based controller design. Reduced
order observer design.
Unit VII
Internal stability of a system. Stability in the sense of Lyapunov, asymptotic stability of linear time
invariant continuous and discrete time systems. Solution of Lyapunov type equation.
Unit VIII
Model decomposition and decoupling by state feedback. Disturbance rejection, sensitivity and
complementary sensitivity functions.
Suggested Books:
1. K. Ogata, Modern Control Engineering, Prentice Hall, India 1997
2. T. Kailath, T., Linear Systems, Perntice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1980.
3. N. K. Sinha , Control Systems, New Age International, 3rd edition, 2005.
4. Panos J Antsaklis, and Anthony N. Michel, Linear Systems, New - age international (P) LTD.
Publishers, 2009.
5. John J D’Azzo and C. H. Houpis , “Linear Control System Analysis and Design Conventional
and Modern”, McGraw - Hill Book Company, 1988.
6. B.N. Dutta, Numerical Methods for linear Control Systems - , Elsevier Publication, 2007.
7. C.T.Chen Linear System Theory and Design - PHI, India.
8. Richard C. Dorf and Robert H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems, 11th Edition, Pearson Edu,
India, 2009.
DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
UNIT I:
Introduction - Advantages of Digital control systems - Practical aspects of the choice of sampling rate
and multirate sampling - Basic discrete time signals - Quantization – Sampling theorem - Data
conversion and Quantization - Sampling process - Mathematical modeling - Data reconstruction and
filtering of sampled signals – zero - order hold.
UNIT II:
z - transform and inverse z - transform, Relationship between s - plane and z - plane - Difference
equation - Solution by recursion and z - transform - pulse transfer functions of the zero - order Hold and
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
relationship between G(s) and G(z)– Bilinear transformation .
UNIT III:
Digital control systems - Pulse transfer function - z transform analysis of open loop, closed loop
systems - Modified z Transform - transfer function - Stability of linear digital control systems Stability tests.
UNIT IV:
Root loci - Frequency domain analysis - Bode plots - Gain margin and phase margin - Design of
Digital Control Systems based on Root Locus Technique.
UNIT V:
Cascade and feedback compensation by continuous data controllers - Digital controllers - Design using
bilinear transformation - Realization of Digital PID controllers.
UNIT VI:
State equations of discrete data systems, solution of discrete state equations, State transition Matrix: z transform method. Relation between state equations and transfer functions.
UNIT VII
Concepts on Controllability and Observability - Digital state observer: Design of the full order and
reduced order state observer - Pole placement design by state feed back.
UNIT VIII:
Design of Dead beat Controller - some case studies - Stability analysis of discrete time systems based on
Lyapunov approach.
Suggested Books:
1. K. Ogata, Discrete Time Control Systems, PHI/Addison - Wesley Longman Pte. Ltd., India,
Delhi, 1995.
2. B.C Kuo, Digital Control Systems, 2nd Edition, Oxford Univ Press, Inc., 1992.
3. F. Franklin, J.D. Powell, and M.L. Workman, Digital control of Dynamic Systems,
Addison - Wesley Longman, Inc., Menlo Park, CA , 1998.
4. Gopal, Digital Control and State Variable Methods, Tata McGraw Hill, India, 1997.
5. C. H. Houpis and G.B. Lamont, Digital Control Systems, McGraw Hill, 1985.
6. John S. Baey, Fundamentals of Linear State Space Systems, Mc. Graw – Hill, 1st edition
7. Bernard Fried Land, Control System Design, Mc. Graw – Hill, 1st edition
8. Dorsay, Continuous and Discrete Control Systems, McGraw - Hill.
ROBOTICS AND CONTROL
Unit I: Introduction-Robot Anatomy
Coordinate frames-mapping- mapping Between rotated frames-mapping between translated
frames-mapping between rotated and translated frames-description of objects in spacetransformation
of vectors—inverting homogeneous transform-fundamental rotation matrices
Unit-II: Symbolic Modeling of Robots –Direct Kinematic Model
Mathematical structure and notations-description of links and joints-kinematic modeling of the
manipulator- Denavit-Hatenberg notation-kinematic relationship between adjacent linksmanipulator
transformation matrix
Unit III: The Inverse Kinematics
Manipulator work space – Solvability of kinematic model- -Solution techniques- closed form
solution-guidelines to obtain closed form solution.
Unit IV: Manipulator Differential Motion and Statics
BAHRA UNIVERSITY
School of Engineering and Technology
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Linear and angular velocity of a rigid body - Relationship between transformation Matrix and
angular velocity - Mapping velocity vector-Velocity propagation along links-Manipulator
Jacobian - Jacobian Inverse- Jacobian Singularities- Static Analysis
Unit V: Dynamic Modelling
Lagrangian Mechanics – Two degree of freedom Manipulator-Dynamic Model – Lagrange–
Euler formulation - Newton –Euler Formulation – comparison of Lagrange–Euler and Newton –
Euler Formulations – Inverse Dynamics
Unit VI: Trajectory Planning
Definitions and planning tasks- terminology-steps in trajectory planning- Joint space techniquesCartesian space techniques- Joint space Vs Cartesian space Trajectory planning.
Unit VII: Control of Manipulators
Open and close loop control – The manipulator control problem – Linear control schemesCharacteristics of second order linear systems- Linear Second order-SISO model of a
manipulator joint- Joint Actuators- partitioned PD control scheme –PID control scheme –
computed torque control- force control of robotic manipulators – description of force control
tasks –Force-control strategies-Hybrid position/ force control- Impedance Force/Torque control
Unit VIII: Robotic Sensors and Applications
Sensing- Sensors in robotics – Kinds of sensors used in robotics- -Robotic vision- Robotic
vision- Industrial applications of vision controlled robotic systems- process of ImagingArchitecture of robotic vision systems- Image Acquisition- Image representation-Image
processing – Industrial applications –material handling – Process applications – Assembly
applications – Inspection application – Principles of Robot applications and application planning,
Justification of robots- Robot safety
Suggested Books:
1. Robotics and control –RKMittal And I J Nagrath TMH Publishers-1st edition-2003
2. Mikell P,Weiss G.M.,Nagel R.N., Odrey N.G., Industrial Robotics, McGraw Hill,1986.
3. Deb.S.R- Robotics Technology and flexible automation, Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.
4. Asfahi C.R. - Robotics and manufacturing automation, John wiley ,1992.
5. Klafter R.D.- Chimielewski T.A and Neign M., Robotics engineering: An integrated
approach, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., 1994.