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USING ADMINISTRATIVE DATA FOR
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS IN AFRICA
Xiaoning Gong
Chief, Economic Statistics and National
Accounts Section, ACS, UNECA
at
12th ASSD, 2-4 Nov 2016, Tunis, Tunisia
Outline of the Presentation
• Sources of data for GDP
–
–
–
–
–
government accounts
financial corps
non-financial corps
external trade statistics
tax data
• The needs for using administrative data for NA
• Features of the operational guidebook
• Summary of experiences
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Background: Why Admin Data?
• Administrative sources constitute a key component in
national accounts compilation in most countries.
• Advantages of administrative data
o Reduced costs; Better coverage; Improved timeliness;
Reduced response burden; generally available, and can be
efficiently used to improve the national accounts and
implement 2008 SNA.
• Identified by AGNA as a priority area
o To develop an operational guidebook on processing data
from administrative sources in national accounts
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR):
(Number of countries citing source)
Total
GDP(P) GDP(E) GDP (I) for
GDP
CENSUSES and SURVEYS
Population census
30
17
10
57
Household Income and Expenditure Survey
22
40
17
79
Agriculture census/survey
37
12
11
60
General economic census/survey
26
14
15
55
Services industries census/survey
26
12
9
47
Retail census/survey
20
8
9
37
Transport survey
19
8
10
37
Household labour force survey
23
16
12
51
Capital expenditure survey
10
12
6
28
Living Standards Measurement Survey (World Bank)
14
6
4
24
Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR):
(Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d)
Total
GDP(P) GDP(E) GDP (I) for
GDP
CENSUSES and SURVEYS
Demographic survey
12
7
5
24
Health survey
6
6
6
18
Multiphase 1-2 Survey on informal activities
12
7
5
24
Multiphase 1-2-3 Survey on informal activities
13
6
6
25
Other survey of informal activities
12
7
5
24
Surveys of international travellers
11
6
4
21
Consumer prices
34
31
7
72
Wholesale prices
13
6
1
20
Producer prices
31
10
3
44
Unit values or price indices for imports
14
22
1
37
Unit values or price indices for exports
16
23
1
40
PRICES
Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR):
(Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d)
Total
GDP(P) GDP(E) GDP (I) for
GDP
WAGES and EMPLOYMENT
Wages of government employees
Wages of other public sector employees
Wages of private sector employees
Number of employees in government
Number of employees in other public sector
Number of employees in the private sector
TAXES and SOCIAL SECURITY TRANSACTIONS
Value added taxes
Other taxes on products
Income tax on persons
Income tax on businesses
Customs duties/excise tax
Other types of tax data
Social security contributions or benefits
28
22
14
35
33
29
18
13
11
17
15
14
21
18
21
8
7
8
67
53
46
60
55
51
37
40
15
21
33
6
21
14
17
12
13
12
6
12
11
11
13
15
7
4
15
62
68
40
49
52
16
48
Figure 1. Sources for GDP and Statistical Business Register (SBR):
(Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d)
Total
GDP(P) GDP(E) GDP (I) for
GDP
GOVERNMENT and COMPANY ACCOUNTS
Government accounts
Government Finance Statistics (GFS)
Company accounts
Utility company records : water and electricity
Transport company records rail, roads, and air
GOVERMENT REGULATION STATISTICS
Building permits
Building completion certificates
Vehicle registration
Bank supervisory statistics
Insurance supervisory statistics
Other regulatory and administrative statistics
EXTERNAL TRANSACTIONS
Balance of payments
Merchandise trade statistics
38
30
39
38
37
26
25
20
11
9
17
13
20
10
10
81
68
79
59
56
14
5
23
35
34
8
7
4
6
12
12
3
3
2
3
9
10
2
24
11
32
56
56
13
29
27
31
30
10
8
70
65
Figure 2. Ten Most Important Source for GDP
(Number of countries citing source)
GDP(P) GDP(E) GDP (I)
All GDP
estimates
40
79
STATISTICAL SOURCES
Household income and expenditure survey
Agriculture census/survey
17
37
General economic census/survey
15
Wages of private sector employees
21
Consumer prices
34
31
Unit values or price indices for imports
22
Unit values or price indices for exports
23
72
Figure 2. Ten Most Important Source for GDP
(Number of countries citing source) (Cont’d)
ADMINISTRATIVE STATISTICS
Wages of government employees
Wages of other public sector employees
Number of employees in government
Value added taxes
Other taxes on products
Income tax on persons
Income tax on businesses
Government accounts
Government Finance Statistics (GFS)
Company accounts
Utility company records : water and electricity
Transport company records rail, roads, and air
Bank supervisory statistics
Insurance supervisory statistics
Balance of payments
Merchandise trade statistics
GDP(P) GDP(E) GDP (I)
All GDP
estimates
18
67
21
18
35
37
40
38
39
38
37
35
34
62
68
26
25
20
31
30
13
15
17
13
20
81
68
79
70
65
Figure 3. Government Revenue broken down by department or ministry
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Available only for national government
47
19
28
40,4
59,6
Available for both national and provincial
governments
47
23
24
48,9
51,1
Available for local governments
47
30
17
63,8
36,2
Available for autonomous government bodies
47
19
28
40,4
59,6
Not available for any levels of government
47
4
43
8,5
91,5
Figure 4. Government Expenditure broken down by department or ministry
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Available only for national government
47
20
27
42,6
57,4
Available for both national and provincial
governments
47
25
22
53,2
46,8
Available for local governments
47
31
16
66,0
34,0
Available for autonomous government bodies
47
22
25
46,8
53,2
Not available for any levels of government
47
2
45
4,3
95,7
Figure 5. Government accounts in electronic form
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Only for national government
47
22
25
46,8
53,2
Both national and provincial governments
47
18
29
38,3
61,7
Local governments
47
23
24
48,9
51,1
Autonomous government bodies
47
15
32
31,9
68,1
Not accessible for any levels of government
47
4
43
8,5
91,5
Figure 6. Detail in government accounts makes it possible to covert data to SNA
definitions:
Number of
Percent
countries
All Yes No Yes No
Distinguish economic category such as wages,
47 42
5 89,4 10,6
intermediate consumption, transfers, etc.)
Break down government expenditures by COFOG
47 29 17 61,7 36,2
Break down government expenditures by kind of
economic activity
47
29
18
61,7 38,3
Distinguish between current and capital expenditures
Distinguish between administrative departments and
departmental enterprises
47
38
9
80,9 19,1
45
22
23
48,9 51,1
Distinguish between different types of taxes and subsidies
46
33
13
71,7 28,3
Distinguish between taxes and receipts from sales
Distinguish between subsidies/current transfers/social
transfers in kind
Compile sequence of accounts for general government up
to financial accounts
46
33
13
71,7 28,3
46
29
17
63,0 37,0
46
11
35
23,9 76,1
Figure 7. Availability of Central Bank data
Number of
countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Available separately for monetary policy, regulatory
activities, and banking operations
46
15
31 32,6 67,4
Only consolidated accounts for total central bank are
available
46
19
27 41,3 58,7
Not available at all
46
12
34 26,1 73,9
Figure 8. Availability of annual financial statements of banks
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Available for each individual bank
46
29
17
63,0
37,0
Consolidated accounts of all banks available
46
11
35
23,9
76,1
Not available at all
46
5
41
10,9
89,1
Figure 10. Data available on life and non-life insurance
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Available for each individual company
46
31
15
67,4
32,6
Consolidated accounts of all life insurance
companies
46
7
39
15,2
84,8
Not available at all
46
8
38
17,4
82,6
Available for each individual company
46
34
12
73,9
26,1
Consolidated accounts of all non-life insurance
companies
46
8
38
17,4
82,6
Not available at all
46
4
42
8,7
91,3
Life insurance
Non-life insurance
Figure 11. Availability of financial statements of non-financial corporations
Number of
countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Available for individual companies and possible to
identify by kind if activity
46
37
9
80,4 19,6
Available for individual companies but not possible to
identify kind of activity
46
1
45
2,2
97,8
Consolidated accounts for all companies available
disaggregated by kind of activity
46
3
43
6,5
93,5
Consolidated accounts for all companies available
without disaggregation by kind of activity
46
0
46
0,0 100,0
Not available
46
6
40
13,0 87,0
Public corporations
Figure 11. Availability of financial statements of non-financial corporations (Cont’d)
Number of
countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Available for individual companies and possible to
identify by kind if activity
45
30
15
66,7 33,3
Available for individual companies but not possible to
identify kind of activity
45
2
43
4,4
95,6
Consolidated accounts for all companies available
disaggregated by kind of activity
45
1
44
2,2
97,8
Consolidated accounts for all companies available
without disaggregation by kind of activity
45
0
45
0,0 100,0
Not available
45
12
33
26,7 73,3
Private corporations
Figure 12. Availability of data on Value Added Tax (VAT)
Number of
countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Output, value added and tax collections by activity
46
23
23
50,0
50,0
Output, value added and tax collections by product
46
15
31
32,6
67,4
Consolidated output, value added and tax collections 46
with no activity or product detail
7
39
15,2
84,8
Only tax collections data available by activity
46
6
40
13,0
87,0
Only tax collections data available by product
46
7
39
15,2
84,8
Only tax source for the national accounts collections
data available–with no details by product or kind of
activity
46
6
40
13,0
87,0
No data is available on VAT
46
6
40
13,0
87,0
Figure 13. Availability of data on income taxes on enterprises
Number of
countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Income and tax collections by activity available
46
28
17
60,9
37,0
Only consolidated data on income and tax
collections available
46
14
32
30,4
69,6
No data available on income taxes paid by
enterprises
46
5
41
10,9
89,1
Figure 14. Use in the national accounts of financial statements of financial
corporations
Number of
countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Central bank accounts are used in NA
45
31
14
68,9
31,1
Accounts of banks are used in NA
46
39
7
84,8
15,2
Accounts of insurance companies are used in NA
46
38
8
82,6
17,4
Financial statements are not used in NA
44
3
41
6,8
93,2
Figure 15. Use in the national accounts of financial statements of non-financial
corporations
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Information contained in the financial
statements are used in the NA
45
40
5
88,9
11,1
Not used
45
5
40
11,1
88,9
Figure 16. Use of VAT data in NA compilation
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Data used in NA compilation by activity
47
34
13
72,3
27,7
Data used in NA compilation in other
areas
46
8
38
17,4
82,6
VAT data is not used in NA compilation
46
3
43
6,5
93,5
Figure 17. Use of data on income taxes on enterprises in NA
Number of countries
Percent
All
Yes
No
Yes
No
Data used in NA compilation by kind of activity
46
27
19
58,7
41,3
Data used in NA compilation in other areas
46
6
40
13,0
87,0
Not used in NA compilation
46
16
30
34,8
65,2
Figure 18. Use of BOP and External Trade Statistics
Trade data by product according to HS/SITC for NA
compilation
Unit value indices of imports and exports used to deflate
current price data
Information on imports and exports of services used
GDP(E)
Information on primary incomes and property incomes
used for sequence of accounts (SOA)
Information on current transfers used for secondary
distribution of income account
Information on capital transfers used in capital accounts
Data on reinvested earnings used to estimate financial
accounts
BOP data used for compilation of sequence of accounts
Number of
Percent
countries
All Yes No Yes No
47 43 4 91,5 8,5
46
23
23 50,0 50,0
47
40
7
46
35
11 76,1 23,9
47
45
2
95,7 4,3
46
40
6
87,0 13,0
46
26
20 56,5 43,5
45
25
20 55,6 44,4
85,1 14,9
Structure of the Guidebook
•
•
•
•
•
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: government accounts
Chapter 3: financial Corps
Chapter 4: non-financial Corps
Chapter 5: use of external trade statistics for national
accounts
• Chapter 6: use of tax data in national accounts (e.g.
value added tax and income tax)
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Contributing Countries
Chapter
Case studies
1.
Introduction
Niger
2.
Government
3.
Financial
4.
6.
7.
Mauritius
South Africa
Botswana
Mozambique
Niger
Burundi
Senegal
Niger
Egypt
Mozambique
Non-financial
Balance of payments
Tax data
Zimbabwe-VAT
Cape Verde
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Box item
Seychelles
Senegal-construction
Senegal – focal points
Madagascar (box item)
Tunisia-FISIM
Burkina Faso
Tunisia
Tunisia
Salient features
• To bring together African country experiences and
practices on use of administrative data in the
compilation of national accounts.
• With practical examples and “bridge tables” in
each chapter.
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
“Bridge Table”
• “Bridge tables” – to be developed for all
administrative sources, the most important being :
- Financial statements of enterprises ( financial and nonfinancial);
- Budgetary statements of general government institutional
units;
- Balance of payments.
• “Bridge tables” are specific to each country,
depending on the content and availability of data
sources.
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Application of the “bridge table” (1)
• Identification of administrative data sources;
• Analysis of content in respect of national accounting
methodological requirements;
• Collection of data source indicators;
• Translation of each indicator from administrative data
sources into national accounts concepts;
• Application of adjustments to meet national accounting
requirements;
• Estimation of the national accounts indicators.
• Applying adjustments in order to fulfill the SNA
conceptual requirements, when needed.
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Application of the “bridge table” (2)
For an efficient use of administrative data in
national accounts:
•Understanding the scope, coverage, concepts,
definitions and quality of administrative data;
•Sharing the administrative data, preferably the
micro-data in electronic form;
•Improving the timeliness and periodicity to match
with national accounts releases;
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Application of the “bridge table” (3)
• Improving the content and quality of data in line with
the recommended international standards, such as
International Accounting Standards and
International Financial Reporting Standards;
• Giving a feedback to the source data agencies on how
they have used the data in the national accounts and
compiled the economic variables. This will bring the
source data agencies getting involved in the national
accounts compilation and in assessing their
contribution to the national economy.
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Lessons learned and good experience of the
Guidebook
• It is another type of capacity building for participating
countries
- “Community of Practice”: Active learning and learned
from each other and
- To learn international standards and recommendations
through writing/documenting experience and practice in
the field
• It will be circulated to all the African countries for comments
and inputs
- Sharing the public goods: contributed by countries and
used by countries
Economic Commission for Africa
www.uneca.org
Thank you for your
attention!