Download Physical Science Chapter 8

(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
• “Carbon Compounds”
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
• Key Questions
What are some similar properties shared by organic
compounds?
What are some properties of hydrocarbons?
What kinds of structures and bonding do hydrocarbons
have?
What are some characteristics of substituted
hydrocarbons, esters, and polymers?
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Key Terms
organic compoundhydrocarbonstructural formulaisomersaturated hydrocarbonunsaturated hydrocarbonsubstituted hydrocarbon-
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Key Terms
hydroxyl groupalcoholorganic acidcarboxyl groupesterpolymermonomer-
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 1
Organic Carbon:
contains carbon (a few exceptions);
similar properties:
melting point;
boiling point;
odor;
electrical conductivity;
solubility.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 2
Hydrocarbon:
contains carbon and hydrogen;
similar properties:
mixes poorly w/ water;
Flammable!;
differ in how many C, H atoms in molecule.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 3
Carbon Chains:
straight;
branched;
ring-shaped;
structural formula: shows kind/number/arrangement
atoms in molecule;
isomers: same formula /
different structure.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 4
2 carbon atoms can form single/double/triple bonds;
saturated hydrocarbons: only single bonds;
unsaturated hydrocarbons: double or triple bonds.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 5
substituted hydrocarbon:
replace hydrogen atom(s) with other
atom(s);
becomes different compound;
alcohols, organic acids.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 6
hydroxyl group:
oxygen atom + hydrogen atom;
alcohol = substituted hydrocarbon
w/ 1+ hydroxyl groups.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 7
carboxyl group:
1 carbon, 2 oxygen, 1 hydrogen atoms in the group;
organic acid = substituted hydrocarbon w/ 1+ carboxyl
groups; ;
good conductors heat/electricity;
also used as conductors in electrical devices.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 8
ester = alcohol + organic acid;
compounds have pleasant, fruity smells.
(8th) Chapter 8-2 Cornell Notes
Paragraph 9
can have
some artificial,
polymer: large molecule;
chain of smaller molecules
together (called monomers);
thousands or millions of atoms;
some natural.