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Download NU AP1 Lab Unit 3 Study Guide
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UNIT TWO STUDY GUIDE MUSCLES OF THE CHEST Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor MUSCLES OF THE ARM Deltoid Biceps brachii Antagonist is triceps brachii Triceps brachii Antagonist is biceps brachii Brachialis MUSCLES OF THE ANTECUBITAL FOSSA Brachioradialis Pronator teres EXTENSORS OF THE FOREARM Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi radialis Extensor carpi ulnaris FLEXORS OF THE FOREARM Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris RETINACULUM: These are not muscles, rather, connective tissue sheaths around the wrists that keep tendons from bulging outward when the muscles are contracted. Flexor retinaculum Extensor retinaculum MUSCLES OF THE THUMB Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis longus MUSCLES OF THE BACK Supraspinatus This is one of the Rotator Cuff Muscles Infraspinatus This is one of the Rotator Cuff Muscles Subscapularis This is one of the Rotator Cuff Muscles Teres Minor This is one of the Rotator Cuff Muscles Teres Major Rhomboids Trapezius Latissimus dorsi 1 MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMEN AND RIBS Linea alba: not a muscle, a connective tissue line running vertically; "white line" Serratus anterior External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis External intercostals Antagonist is internal intercostals Internal intercostals Antagonist is external intercostals Diaphragm This is the prime mover for respiration; it is innervated by the phrenic nerve PELVIC GIRDLE Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Psoas major Iliacus ANTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the knee and one flexor of the thigh) (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS MUSCLE GROUP) Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius These are antagonists of each other POSTERIOR THIGH (extensors of the thigh) (HAMSTRINGS MUSCLE GROUP) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris MEDIAL THIGH (adductors of the thigh, except Sartorius) Sartorius Gracilis Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor magnus Tensor fasciae latae MUSCLES OF THE LEG Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis anterior Peroneus (fibularis) longus 2 MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION Epicranius Levator labii superioris Zygomaticus Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris MUSCLES OF MASTICATION Buccinator Masseter Temporalis MUSCLES OF THE EYE: Superior rectus Inferior rectus Medial rectus Lateral rectus Superior oblique Inferior oblique HISTOLOGY OF MUSCLES Smooth muscle: Found in organs Skeletal muscle: moves the skeleton Cardiac muscle: has intercalated discs Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle 3 NEURON MODEL Soma Dendrite Nissl body Nucleus Axon hillock Axon Myelin Neurilemma Schwann cell Node of Ranvier Axolemma Collateral axon Terminal bouton Vesicles Schwann cell nucleus HUMAN BRAIN MODEL Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe Longitudinal fissure Cerebrum Cerebellum Arbor vitae Cranial nerve I (Olfactory bulb) Cranial nerve II (optic) Cranial nerve V Corpus callosum Fornix Pituitary gland Thalamus Pons Midbrain Medulla oblongata Optic chiasma Lateral ventricle Cerebral aqueduct SHEEP BRAIN STRUCTURES HALF SHEEP BRAIN Dura mater Arachnoid mater Cerebrum Longitudinal fissure Cerebellum Arbor vitae Corpus callosum Fornix Mammillary bodies Pineal body (pineal gland) Corpora quadrigemina Optic chiasma HALF SHEEP BRAIN Thalamus Hypothalamus Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Pituitary gland Lateral ventricle Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Cerebral aqueduct Pineal gland WHOLE SHEEP BRAIN Dura mater Arachnoid mater Cerebrum Longitudinal fissure Cerebellum Pons Optic chiasma Cranial nerve I (Olfactory bulb) Cranial nerve II (optic) Cranial nerve V 4 SPINAL CORD THIN SLICE PHOTO Ventral horn Dorsal horn Ventral root (ramus) Dorsal root (ramus) Dorsal root ganglion Anterior median fissure Posterior median sulcus Central canal NERVOUS TISSUE SLIDE Neuron REFLEX MODEL Sensory neuron Motor neuron Interneuron SPINAL CORD LARGE GREEN MODEL Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater Epidural space Subdural space Subarachnoid space Denticulate ligament Posterior median sulcus Anterior median fissure Ventral root Dorsal root Dorsal root ganglion Lateral funiculus Ventral funiculus Dorsal funiculus Lateral gray horn Ventral gray horn Dorsal gray horn Central canal SPINAL CORD SMALL MODEL ON WOOD PLANK Posterior median sulcus Anterior median fissure Ventral rootlets Dorsal rootlets Dorsal root ganglion Lateral funiculus Ventral funiculus Dorsal funiculus Lateral gray horn Ventral gray horn Dorsal gray horn PERIPHERAL NERVES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY (Flat man model) Axillary Nerve: Supplies Deltoid Musculocutaneus Nerve Supplies anterior muscles of the arm Median Nerve Supplies anterior forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris) • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – Hand of benediction; “ape hand”. Ulnar Nerve Supplies flexor carpi ulnaris • “Funny Bone” Damage can cause claw hand Radial Nerve Supplies muscles on the posterior arm and forearm • Damage can cause wrist drop 5 PERIPHERAL NERVES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY Obturator Nerve Supplies adductor muscles Sciatic Nerve Supplies back of thigh, leg and foot Femoral Nerve Supplies anterior Thigh Tibial Nerve Supplies posterior leg and foot Common Fibular Nerve Superficial branch Supplies lateral side of leg Deep branch Supplies anterior leg Injury causes “Foot Drop” Other peripheral nerves Spinal nerves Sympathetic Trunk ganglia EYE MODELS PLASTIC EYE Sclera Cornea Pupil Lens Iris Retina Choroid layer Optic disc Ora serrata Cilliary body PLASTIC EYE Posterior cavity (do not call this the posterior chamber) Anterior cavity (do not call this the anterior chamber) Fovea centralis (area of the retina where light focuses) PLASTER EYE Lens Posterior cavity Ora serrata Cilliary body COW EYE Cornea Sclera Lens Retina Choroid layer . EAR MODEL External acoustic meatus (Auditory canal) Pinna Tympanum (tympanic membrane) Eustachian tube (function is to equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane) Semi-circular canal (function is for balance) Cochlea (function is for hearing) Vestibulocochlear nerve 6
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