Download The West Encounters and Transformations

CHAPTER 1
The Beginnings of Civilization,
10,000-2000 B.C.E.
The West
Encounters and Transformations
Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization
II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia
III. The Emergence of Egyptian Civilization
IV. The Transformation of Europe
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
Ötzi - c. 3300 B.C.E.
I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization
Definitions: culture, civilization
A. Paleolithic Age, 200,000-100,000 Y.A.
Homo sapiens sapiens
Cave art
15,000 Y.A. end of Ice Age
B. Neolithic Revolution
Domestication
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
I. Culture, Agriculture and Civilization
C. Three areas of cultivation
Levantine Corridor
(Fertile Crescent)
Abu Hureyra
from c. 9500 B.C.E.
8000-7700 B.C.E.., cultivation
Jericho
Iran, Zagros Mountains
Sawi Chemi Shanidar
from c. 9000 B.C.E.
Anatolia
Çatal Hüyük
obsidian trade
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia
A. Sumer
from c. 5300 B.C.E.
by 2500 B.C.E. 12 cities
Uruk
10-50,000 people
Religion
Anu
Enlil
Inanna
Ziggurats
Epic of Gilgamesh
Enkidu
Mathematics
use of 360˚
Writing
cuneiform
2340, end of independent Sumer
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia
B. Akkadians
into Mesopotamia, late 3000's B.C.E.
Sargon (c.2340-c.2305 B.C.E.
empire
tribute
treaties
collapse c. 2100 B.C.E.
C. Dominance of Ur
Ur-Nammu (c. 2112-c. 2095 B.C.E.)
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
II. The Birth of Civilization in Southwest Asia
D. Assyria and Babylonia
Amorites, from 2000 B.C.E.
Assyria
Ashur
trading network from 1900 B.C.E.
Babylon
Hammurabi (c.1792-1750 B.C.E.)
Law Code of Hammurabi
c. 1500 B.C.E., collapse
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
III. The Emergence of Egyptian Civilization
Nile - 4000 miles
Predynastic, 10,000-3000 B.C.E.
Old Kingdom, 3000-2200 B.C.E.
Middle Kingdom, 2040-1785 B.C.E.
New Kingdom, 1600-1100 B.C.E.
A. The Old Kingdom
villages from 5000 B.C.E.
end of Predynastic period
unification, c. 3500-3000 B.C.E.
Narmer, c. 3100 B.C.E.
Kings
centralized
hieroglyphs
Religion
Ra
Osiris, Isis
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
B. The Middle Kingdom, c. 2040-1785 B.C.E.
Pyramids
royal tombs at Abydos from 2800 B.C.E.
from 2680 B.C.E.
King Djoser
Saqqara, Step Pyramid
Khufu (Cheops)
Great Pyramid, Giza, c. 2600 B.C.E.
c. 2200 B.C.E., collapse
First Intermediate Period, c. 2200-2000 B.C.E.
Mentuhotep, from 2040 B.C.E.
shift in leadership
Amenemhet I (1991-1962 B.C.E.)
Contact with other Civilizations
Byblos
Thoth > Taut
Nubia
slave labor
Punt (Somalia)
trade
Immigration
Hyksos, c.1750 B.C.E.
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
Chapter 1: The Beginnings of Civilization, 10,000-2000 B.C.E.
IV. The Transformation of Europe
Neolithic from c. 7000 B.C.E.
A. Linear Pottery Culture
across Europe
from c. 4500 B.C.E., larger villages
Megaliths
Stonehenge, 3000-1600 B.C.E.
B. Battle Axe Cultures
3500-2000 B.C.E.
stone and copper axes
Kurgan peoples
Russian steppes from 3000 B.C.E.
Indo-European
C. Technology and Social Change
plow, 2600 B.C.E.
individual burials
Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations
Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007