Download Sigmund Freud - 1857-1959

List 3 famous psychologists. Can you?
OUCH! That whole spike through the head thing was nasty!
Honk!Honk! Geese imprinting!
I want my fuzzy mommy!!
I’m not a favorite of Albert, but then my hair is white & fuzzy!
Watch out Bobo! There’s a guy with a hammer!
This theory is shocking!
Loved the book “Peter & the Rabbit”
Sigmund Freud - 1857-1959
Main points>Psychodynamic Theory
Experiences in early childhood
influence later development.
Assumes sexual factors are major
factors, even in early childhood.
Key words
Psychodynamic; psychosexual; libido; oral stage; anal stage; phallic
stage; latency stage; genital stage; id; ego; super-ego; Electra
complex; Oedipal complex; conscious; unconscious; psychoanalysis
Nature
Nurture
Carl Jung
Conscious Ego
(Perceptions, Memories,
Thoughts, Feelings)
Personal Unconscious and
Complexes
Collective Unconscious and
Archetypes
(Persona--Shadow, Anima-Animus)
Attitudes
(Introversion--Extraverson)
Functions
(Intuition--Sensation,Thinking-Feeling)
Nature
Nurture
1875-1961
Lev Vygotsky - 1896-1934
Main points
Development driven by language,
social context and adult guidance.
Key words>ZPD
Zone of proximal development; zone of actual development; social
constructivist; social constructivism; social interaction; language;
internalisation; play; social context; cognition; constructivism
Nature
Nurture
Erik Erikson - 1902-1994
Main points Psychosocial Theory
Develops beyond Freud’s ideas.
More stages (8) influence of
environmental factors.
Key words
Psychodynamic; psychosexual; psychosocial; 8 development
stages; identity; crises/dilemmas
Nature
Nurture
B.F.Skinner - 1904-1990
Main points Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement and punishment shapes
behavior. Children are conditioned by
their experiences.
Key words
Operant conditioning; positive/negative reinforcement; consequence;
reward; punishment; respondents; operants; social learning theory;
Behaviorism
Nature
Nurture
Alfred Bandura - 1925-current
Main points> Social Learning Theory
Learning takes place by imitation. This
differs from Skinner’s “conditioning”
because there is more emphasis on inner
motivational factors.
Key words
Imitation; copying; modelling; role models; reinforcement; social learning
theory; observational theory (social cognitive theory); Bobo doll experiment.
Nature
Nurture
Jean Piaget - 1896-1980
Main points
Development takes place in distinct
stages of cognitive development.
Adults influence but the child is
building their own thinking systems.
Key words
Cognitive learning theory; assimilate; symbolism;
accomodation; egocentric; decentre; conservatism; active learners;
schemata; sensory-motor; stages; pre-operational; animism; moral
realism; concrete operations; formal operations
Nature
Nurture
Elton Mayo
• Mayo directed the famous
studies at the Hawthorne
Plant of the Western Electric
Company.
Hawthorne Effect >
Confounding Variables
1880-1949
founder of the Human Relations Movement
Nature
Nurture