Download What are atoms?

CHEMISTRY
BIG IDEAS
•The number of protons in the nucleus of
an atom determines what the element is.
•The way that electrons are organized
around the nucleus of an atom determines
how it interacts with other substances.
•Atoms join together chemically to create
strong bonds resulting in new substances
called compounds.
Atomic
Structure
Main Ideas:
An atom is the smallest part of
an element that can exist and still
be identifiable as that element;
building blocks of elements.
An element a type of matter
made of many identical atoms.
An atom is the smallest part of
an element that can exist.
An element is a substance made up of a single type of
tiny particles called atoms.
Meet the Elements Song- TMBG
Elements Song- Tom Lehrer
What are atoms?
-Atoms are the basic building blocks
of matter that make up everyday
objects.
-A desk, the air, even you are made
up of atoms!
-There are 90 naturally occurring
kinds of atoms.
How do atoms get their identity?
# of PROTONS
= atomic number
ATOMIC NUMBER and
MASS NUMBER
Atomic number
6
Number of protons (+)
Mass number
Protons + Neutrons
12
C
Elemental Notation
• Atomic
Number – the
number of
protons in the
nucleus of the
atom.
• Atomic Mass –
the total number
of protons and
neutrons in a
nucleus.
 Molecules are a single unit of
2+ atoms bonded together.
usually same type of atom
Compounds are many molecules;
made of 2+ different elements (different
types of atoms) that are chemically bonded
together so elements have new
properties (ex: NaCl)
examples of differences between molecules and compounds
Magnesium
Atoms
Oxygen
Atoms
Molecules of magnesium
oxide
Summary
element
element
atom
atom
compound
molecule
Compounds are pure substances made
of 2 or more elements chemically
BONDED together.
Which are molecules and which are compounds?
If lithium is added to water, lithium reacts with the
water molecule forming lithium hydroxide and
hydrogen gas.
Li+ + H2O  LiOH + H2
Alkali
Count the atoms
for each element
that makes up the
following
compounds:
Example:
Vinegar
Chemical Formula: C2H4O2
vanilla
Chemical Formula: C8H8O3
Vitamin C
Chemical Formula: C6H8O6
water
Chemical Formula: H2O
ozone
Chemical Formula: O3
Salt
Chemical Formula NaCl
carbon dioxide
Chemical Formula: CO2
Water – H2O
carbonic acid ( taste in soda) Chemical Formula: H2CO3
2 atoms of Hydrogen
citric acid oranges and lemons Chemical Formula: C6H8O7
1 atom of oxygen
dynamite
Chemical Formula: C7H5N3O6
alcohol
Chemical Formula: C2H6O
sugar
Chemical Formula: C12H22O11
bleach
Chemical Formula: H2O2
methane
Chemical Formula: CH4
COUNTING ATOMS
nutrasweet
Chemical Formula: C14H18N2O5
A MIXTURE is a material made up of 2+
substances which may be elements or
compounds that are NOT CHEMICALLY
BONDED.
Properties of Mixtures
• The composition of a mixture is variable.
• Each of its components retains its
characteristic properties.
• Its components are easily separated.
Which are mixtures and which are
compounds?
•
•
•
•
•
•
soil
ocean water (H20 + NaCl)
air (O2 + N2 + CO2 + Ar)
water (H2O)
table salt (NaCl)
Sugar (C12H22O12)
http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Mixtures.html
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Atom
Molecule
Mixture
Compound
Element