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Download Planning Health Promotion Programs An Intervention Mapping Approach (L. Kay Bartholomew Eldredge, Guy S. Parcel etc.) (Z-Library)
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The process for writing performance objectives for environmental outcomes parallels the process for writing performance objectives for health behaviors. The environmental outcome must be broken down into its component parts. For example, at the organizational level, one can break down the environmental outcome âSchool lunch and breakfast provide meals that are no more than 30% of calories in total fat contentâ into the following performance objectives for environmental change agents: Food service directors will modify menus so that foods have 30% or fewer calories from fat. Food service directors will modify purchase order specifications to reduce the fat content of vendor-prepared foods to 30% or lower. Nutritionists will modify recipes to reduce the fat content by replacing fat with bouillon or water for boiling or frying. Nutritionists will replace dessert recipes that call for fat with recipes that substitute fruit and grains. Cooks will modify cooking practices to reduce the fat content of prepared foods by chilling foods, removing the fat, and then reheating to serve. The basic question to ask when stating performance objectives for environmental outcomes is: What does someone in the environment need to do to accomplish the environmental outcome? This general question addresses who is doing the action to accomplish the objective, because the agent may be different for each of the performance objectives. This question is somewhat different from the question asked about performance objectives for the health-related behavior, because the health behavior question assumes a reference to the behavior of the at-risk population. Environmental change usually requires people outside the at-risk population to take action to modify the environmental conditions. Exactly who will be taking the action to accomplish the performance objectives will depend on the agent in the environment who has control over or can influence a modification in the environmental factor. This agent might be, for example, family members, policymakers, lawmakers, resource controllers, or service providers. In the beginning of the planning process, it may be difficult to identify specific people to include in the performance objectives for modifying an environmental condition. We suggest starting with whatever information may be available about the agent and stating the âwhoâ in terms of general groups of people or appropriate positions of responsibility, that is, roles or agents that may be able to accomplish the performance objective. As work on the intervention progresses, the health educator can figure out specifically who, in terms of either roles or individuals, will perform the modification in the environment. 263
