Download brain dissection Slides

Sheep brain
dissection
By: Marilyn, Nala, and
Amia
Cerebellum
Location:
Posterior and is inferior to the occipital and
temporal lobes
Size (approximately) :
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2.5 cm length, 1.5 cm width
Function₁
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Muscle control
Balance control
Language processing
Cerebrum*
Location : Anterior and slightly superior to the
cerebrum
Size (approximately) :
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6.5 cm length
Function1
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Coordination
Regulates temperature
Many other functions including thought
processing
Location : (F) Anterior to the parietal lobe (separated by cen and superior
4 lobes (F.T.O.P)*
and anterior to the temporal lobe
(P) Superior to the occipital lobe and posterior to the frontal lobe
(T) inferior and posterior to the frontal lobe
(O) Posterior to the parietal lobe and behind temporal lobe
Size (approximately) :
F. 2.0 cm length
O. 2.o cm length
T. 1.5 cm width
P. 2.0 cm length
Function
₁:(F) Function: Control of voluntary movement, involved in
attention, short term memory tasks, motivation, planning, speech
(P) Function: Integrates proprioceptive and mechanoreceptor
stimuli, involved in language processing
(T) Function: Decoding sensory input (visual and auditory) into derived
meanings for retention of visual memory and language comprehension
(O) Function: Center for visual processing
Location :
Gyrus (any)
Outward fold on the brain surface
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function₂
Processing and regulation of emotions
Regulating automatic motor function
Location :
Sulcus (any)
posterior portion of the coronary sulcus on the
inferior surface of the heart.
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function₂
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helps in the organization and separation of
brain regions.
plays a role in the folding of the brain, which
increases surface area.
Assist in the localization of specific functions
within the brain.
Provides structural support and stability to the
brain.
Hippocampus
Location :deep inside the brain superior to the brain
stem
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function₃
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Formation of new memories
Keeping track of objects
Regulating Emotions
Pineal gland
Location :Deep inside the brain anterior to the
corpus callosum and superior to the thalamus
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function₄
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Helps control the circadian cycle
of sleep and wakefulness by
secreting melatonin.
Location :
Thalamus
The thalamus is located deep within the brain in the
cerebral cortex, adjacent to the hypothalamus
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function₅
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●
a relay station of all incoming motor (movement)
and sensory information
hearing, taste, sight and touch (but not smell) —
from your body to your brain
Hypothalamus
Location :Your hypothalamus, which is about
the size of an almond, is located superior to the
midbrain and inferior to the thalamus
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function ₆
Midbrain
Location : a part of the central nervous system. It is
located inferior to your cerebral cortex and at the
superior point of your brainstem.
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function :The midbrain functions as a relay system,
transmitting information necessary for vision and
hearing. It also plays an important role in motor
movement, pain, and the sleep/wake cycle.
Location :
Grey matter
Grey matter is abundant in the cerebrum, cerebellum,
brain stem, and the spinal cord.
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Integrating sensory information to produce responses.
Controlling muscle movements and coordination.
Facilitating cognitive functions such as memory and
decision-making.
Serving as the primary site for higher brain functions like
reasoning and problem-solving.
Managing emotions and social interactions.
White matter
Location :
white matter is situated beneath the gray
matter of the cortex
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function :
allow information to be transmitted between
different areas of the grey matter within the
CNS and connects various gray matter areas
within the brain to each other.
Location :
Optic chiasm*
at the inferior part of the brain and is
immediately inferior to the hypothalamus. The
optic chiasm is found in all vertebrates,
although in cyclostomes
Size (approximately) :
●
2.0 cm width
Function :
allow for the crossing of fibers from the nasal
retina to the optic tract on the other side
Olfactory bulb*
Location :
anterior cranial fossa, directly inferior to the
orbital aspect of the frontal lobe.
Size (approximately) :
●
0.9 cm length
Function :
receive information about smells from the nose
and send it to the brain by way of the olfactory
tracts.
Corpus callosum*
Location :
the corpus callosum extends from the posterior
portion of the frontal lobe to just superior to the
cerebellum and sits just below the cerebrum.
Size (approximately) :
●
0.9 cm width
Function : connects the two cerebral
hemispheres, allowing them to communicate
Medulla
Location : inferior to the pons and anterior to
the cerebellum.
Size (approximately) :
N/A
Function : helps control vital processes like
your heartbeat, breathing and blood pressure
Spinal cord*
Location : posterior side of the body
Size (approximately) :
3cm length
Function : end motor commands from the
brain to the body, send sensory information
from the body to the brain, and coordinate
reflexes.
Effects of Heroin on the Brain
Short and Long Term Effects of Heroin..
Short Term Effects..
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Dry mouth
Heavy limbs
Nausea
Vomiting
Severe itching
Drowsiness
Slowed breathing and heart rate
Short-Term Effects of Heroin Use(Dev, 2022)
Long Term Effects..
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Collapsed veins
Increased tolerance and dependence
Blood clots
Increased risk of stroke
Liver and kidney damage
Brain Damage
Lung infections
Long-Term Effects of Heroin Use(Dev, 2022)
The Effects of Heroin on the Brain Stem
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Heroin slows breathing by changing
neurochemical activity in the brain stem,
where automatic body functions such as
breathing and heart rate are
controlled(Nida,2021).
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Heroin can block the messages that are
being sent to the rest of your body
,through the brain stem, such as pain
receptors(Nida,2021)
The effects of Heroin on the Hypothalamus
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Heroin oftentimes affects the
hypothalamus by making one lose their
appetite and as a result feeling nausea
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Heroin usage will also affect your heart
rate by severely slowing it down , long
term usage could result in fatal results .
Sources
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Dev, W. (2022, June 9). How does heroin affect the brain?. Alina Lodge: Drug & Alcohol Rehab NJ.
https://www.alinalodge.org/heroin-addiction/how-does-heroin-affect-the-brain/
Sources
1.MediLexicon International. (2024, January). Cerebellum: Anatomy, function, and disorders. Medical News Today.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551718/
2.By, Guy-Evans, O., on, U., & 19, S. (2023a, September 19). Gyri and sulci of the brain. Simply Psychology.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/gyri-and-sulci-of-the-brain.html#:~:text=Sulci%20surround%20each%20gyrus%2C%20an
d,the%20brain%20into%20two%20hemispheres.
3.WebMD. (2022, September). The hippocampus: Storing and processing memories. WebMD.
https://www.webmd.com/brain/hippocampus-what-to-know#:~:text=Like%20many%20parts%20of%20the,including%20anxi
ety%20and%20avoidance%20behaviors.
4.Arendt J, Aulinas A. Physiology of the Pineal Gland and Melatonin. [Updated 2022 Oct 30]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B,
Blackman MR, et al., editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK550972/
5.professional, C. C. medical. (2022d, March). Thalamus: What it is, Function & Disorders. Cleveland Clinic.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22652-thalamus.