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Conflict Management & Negotiation
Mid Term Test_20 Marks
Attempt any FIVE questions.
1. Rewrite the statements that are TRUE from the following. (4 Marks)
a. Conflict is inevitable and pervasive in all aspects of life.T
b. Strategies for dealing with conflict include avoidance, management, and
resolution.T
c. System thinking is not helpful for diagnosing conflict and in developing
effective communication.F
d. In selecting the best overall goal and strategy, it is necessary to focus on
interdependence rather than power over others, mutual empathy and
communication, and potential constructive effects.T
e. Through observations and inquiry, we may uncover causes for the conflict.F
2. Discuss any two positive consequences of dysfunctional conflict. (2+2=4 Marks)
Lead to new ideas/Stimulates creativity/Motivates change/Promotes organizational vitality/Helps
individuals and groups establish identities/Serves as a safety valve to indicate problems.
3. What are the two approaches any organization undertakes to manage conflict? Explain
the approaches. (2+2=4 Marks)
PREVENTIVE MEASURES: Where dysfunctional aspects of conflicts do not happen,
management tries to build that type of environment, which prevents conflict. Some measures which
are required to manage organizational conflicts.
CURATIVE MEASURES: It is related to resolution of conflicts and dysfunctional of the conflicts
in the organization when they occur. For example, if A and B are two parties and have conflict
between them, they will be more concerned about themselves. If the concern for the others is very
high, they are cooperative and if the concern is low, they tend to uncooperative.
4. Draw the Dual Concern Model neatly. Explain any two outcomes from the model.
(2+2=4 Marks)
•
•
•
•
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Contending (Competing or Dominating):
•
Lower hand Corner
•
Pursue their own outcomes strongly and show little concern for whether other party obtains his or her desired
outcome.
Yielding (Accommodating or Obliging):
•
Upper left-hand corner
•
Shows little concern in whether they attain their outcomes, but they are interested in whether the other party attains
his or her outcomes.
Inaction (Avoiding/Withdrawal/Passivity):
•
Lower left-hand corner
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Shows little interest in whether they attain their own outcomes as well as little concern about whether other party
obtains his or her outcome.
Problem Solving (Collaborating):
•
Upper right-hand corner
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Shows high concern for attaining their outcomes and high concern for whether the other party attains his or her
outcomes.
Compromising:
•
•
Middle
Moderate effort to pursue one’s own outcomes and a moderate effort to help the other party achieve his or her
outcome.
5. State four differences between Constructive Conflicts and Destructive Conflicts.
(1x4=4 Marks)
6. Write short notes on any two: (2+2=4 Marks)
a. Conflict theory: According to CT, conflict serves a communication function
that can aid in consensus and integration. The use of CT is for understanding
and managing the constructive, positive effects of conflict, as well as for
understanding, avoiding, and/or resolving destructive conflict.
b. Chaos and Complexity theory: CCT informs us that behavior may develop
into a system or patterns. The system may have an in-tended and visible
structure that may be competitive, avoidant, or collaborative. CCT uses
Feedback as tool and is referred as ‘recursive loop.’
c. System theory: A system theory approach includes analysis of cause-and-effect
relationships but does not assume that the whole is equal to the sum of its parts.
It also includes the element of feedback analysis.
7. For the given situations, decide where resolving the conflict will be the best course of
action? Further, explain the three potential goals for resolving conflict. (1+3=4
Marks)
When behaviours are destructive, the conflict is destructive, or unwanted results
stem from the conflict. (Resolving: Try to change the person/Try to change the
situation/Try to change yourself)
When tempers are too hot, emotions are high, and one is unsure of the appropriate
action. (Avoidance: Unsure of appropriate action/substantive issue is
minor/conflict is destructive)
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